In the case of Thomas Bear & Sons (India) Ltd. (supra), the plaintiffs
were manufacturers and sellers of cigarettes and tobacco meant for smoking in
pipes under a trade mark comprising of the representation of an elephant on the
packets and tins in which those items were sold. These containers carried the
designation "Elephant Cigarettes". The defendants were also manufacturers of
chewing tobacco and carried representation of elephant on their packets and
tins. The claim of passing off of the appellants/plaintiffs was rejected by the trial
Court as well as the High Court of Allahabad, and the Judicial Committee also
confirmed the order of the High Court, holding:-
The Division Bench considered the ease of Thomas Bear & Sons (India) Ltd. v. Prayag Narain (AIR 1940 PC 86) (supra) and the case of Somerville v. Schembri (1887) 12 AC 453 (B), where it was held :
Reference was also made to Thomos Bear & Sons (India) Ltd. v. Prayag Narain and anothers Air 1940 Privy Council 86, by the learned Counsel for the defendants. In the said case, the question which arose for decision was whether the smoking tobacco being manufactured under the one trade mark and chewing tobacco being manufactured under the same trade mark is likely to deceive the public or not 7 The Court held that the vital element in such a case is probability of deception and this may depend on number of matters as well as the question of similarity of the marks or of the get up. The Court held that there can obviously be no monopoly in the use of the trade mark. A manufacturer of cigarettes under an undoubted trade mark such as an animal, or any other device, cannot legally object to use of the identical marks oil, say, hats, or soap, for the simple reason that purchasers of any of the latter kinds of goods could not reasonably suppose, even if they were well acquainted with the mark as used on cigarettes, that its use on hats or soap denoted that these goods were manufactured or marketed by the cigarette manufacturer. It was also held in this case that a judge cannot properly decide except upon evidence as to the classes or kinds of goods which are protected by the appellants mark, or, to be more precise, on the question whether purchasers of chewing tobacco from the respondent in the packets and tins above described are likely to be missed into thinking that that article is manufactured or put upon the market by the appellants. So, on merits, the Court has come to the conclusion that there was no evidence to show that any such confusion could take place although both the parties were using the same trade mark in respect of their goods.
In Thomas Bear & Sons (India) Ltd. Vs. Prayag Narain & Anr., AIR 1940 PC 86, the Privy Council pointed out that the test is whether a person exercising ordinary caution is likely to be deceived and not whether some
ignorant and indiscriminating persons might not be so deceived.
(Per James L. J., in Singer Manufacturing Co., v Loog, (1880) 18 Ch. D. 395 at p. 412, cited with approval by the Privy Council in the case of Thomas Bear and Sons (India) Ltd., v. Prayang Narain . Cases of use of trade marks of others may arise under varied circumstances. But when counterfeiting in respect of the same kind of goods is alleged comparison of the two designs is the test.
15. Such a right has been recognised by courts in India in a case as early as Thomas Bear and Sons (India) v. Prayag Narain. On a difference of opinion between two judges a learned Single Judge observed as follows:-