Lakshmi vs Santha on 30 April, 2020
7. The next question is as to what is the remedy
available if the order under Section 340 is passed by a civil
court. A Bench consisting of five Judges in Patna High Court
had considered this issue. On analyzing the provisions
contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898(old Code),
in Mt. Rampati Kuer and others v. Judunandan Thakur and
others(AIR 1968 Patna 100), with respect to Section 476
therein, which is similar to Section 340 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973(new Code) it is held that, an inquiry under
Section 476 of the Code will also be an inquiry as defined in
Section 4(k) of that Code. It will be a criminal proceedings,
Unnumbered Crl. Appeal 16 of 2020 -:11:-
even if the inquiry is conducted by a civil court, in view of the
express provisions of Section 476 r/w Section 5(1). Hence if
Section 439 read with Section 5(1) is considered, it will be
reasonable to hold that inquiries even by civil courts into an
offence under the Penal Code will come within the revisional
jurisdiction of the High Court under Section 439 Cr.P.C. and the
High Court can interfere under Section 561-A. The provisions
of the Code of Civil Procedure cannot apply, because Section
5(1) is an exhaustive provision so far as inquiries into offences
under the Penal Code is considered. It is noticed that, against
an order under Section 476 an appeal is provided under
Section 476-B. Even if an appellate order under Section 476-B
is passed by a civil court, the order being passed in a criminal
proceedings, is revisible under Section 439 of the old Code, is
the finding. It was categorically found that Section 115 of the
Code of Civil Procedure cannot apply in such a situation. The
Bench in Patna High Court had relied on various decisions
Unnumbered Crl. Appeal 16 of 2020 -:12:-
rendered by different High Courts, including Full Bench
decisions, in order to arrive at the above conclusion.