Gorakh Prasad & Ors vs The Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. & Ors on 12 September, 2017
The law relating to award of a contract by the State,
its corporations and bodies acting as instrumentalities
and agencies of the Government has been settled by the
decision of this Court in Ramana Dayaram Shetty v.
International Airport Authority of India, Fertilizer Corpn.
Kamgar Union v. Union of India, CCE v. Dunlop India
Ltd., Tata Cellular v. Union of India, Ramniklal N. Bhutta
v. State of Maharashtra and Raunaq International Ltd. v.
I.V.R. Construction Ltd. The award of a contract, whether
it is by a private party or by a public body or the State, is
essentially a commercial transaction. In arriving at a
commercial decision considerations which are paramount
are commercial considerations. The State can choose its
own method to arrive at a decision. It can fix its own
terms of invitation to tender and that is not open to
judicial scrutiny. It can enter into negotiations before
finally deciding to accept one of the offers made to it.
Price need not always be the sole criterion for awarding a
contract. It is free to grant any relaxation, for bona fide
reasons, if the tender conditions permit such a relaxation.
It may not accept the offer even though it happens to be
the highest or the lowest. But the State, its corporations,
instrumentalities and agencies are bound to adhere to the
norms, standards and procedures laid down by them and
cannot depart from them arbitrarily. Though that decision
is not amenable to judicial review, the court can examine
the decision-making process and interfere if it is found
vitiated by mala fides, unreasonableness and
arbitrariness. The State, its corporations,
instrumentalities and agencies have the public duty to be
fair to all concerned. Even when some defect is found in
the decision-making process the court must exercise its
discretionary power under Article 226 with great caution
Patna High Court CWJC No.476 of 2017 dt.12/09/2017
73/84
and should exercise it only in furtherance of public
interest and not merely on the making out of a legal point.
The court should always keep the larger public interest in
mind in order to decide whether its intervention is called
for or not. Only when it comes to a conclusion that
overwhelming public interest requires interference, the
court should intervene." (Emphasis supplied)