Bachan Singh vs State Of Punjab on 9 May, 1980
93 The tests laid down by the Supreme Court in Bachan Singh (supra) have been dealt with in a catena of decisions and the circumstances, which are mitigating and aggravating, based on which sentence needs to be awarded, have been culled out from various decisions and highlighted by the Supreme Court in Ramnaresh Vs. State of Chhattisgarh [(2012) 4 SCC 257] and the same are extracted hereunder :-