The attention of the Court was not drawn to the decision of
the Constitution Bench in Dharam Singh's case and the long line of cases
which followed that decision.
Sukhbans
Singh's case was followed and it was stated that unless the order of
appointment or the rule said that at the end of the probationary period, if
no order was passed, the officer is to be deemed to have been confirmed,
the officer continued to be on probation.
Similar was the
position in the case before another Constitution Bench in State of U.P. v.
Akbar Ali Khan, [1966] 3 SCR 821. Here also the Court held that on
completion of 2 years of probation as per rules, the officer continued to
be a probationer until an order of confirmation was passed.
We may state that the facts in
Kedar Nath v. State of Punjab, [1974] 3 SCC 21 decided by a three Judge
Bench are also similar and the earlier rulings set out above were followed.
In Dhamjibhai Ramjibhai v. State of Gujarat, [1985] 2 SCC 51, also the
period of probation fixed under the Rules was two years and there was also
provision for extension but no maximum was prescribed. The termination was
after the expiry of the period of 2 years of probation. A three Judge Bench
took the view that there could be no automatic confirmation at the end of
two years and that the termination after 2 years was valid.
SCC 643 and State of Gujarat v. Akhilesh C. Bhargava,
[1987] 4 SCC 482 which are all cases in which a maximum period for
extension of probation was prescribed and termination after expiry of the
said period was held to be invalid inasmuch as the officer must be deemed
to have been confirmed.
It is also significant that in the case before us the effect of
the rule fixing a maximum period of probation is not whittled down by any
other provision in the rules such as the one contained in Samsher Singh's
case or in Ashok Kumar Mishra's case. Though a plea was raised that
termination of service could be effected by serving one month's notice or
paying salary in lieu thereof, there is no such provision in the order of
appointment nor was any rule relied upon for supporting such a contention.