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1 - 10 of 24 (0.47 seconds)Section 106 in The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 [Entire Act]
Dayal Singh & Ors vs State Of Uttaranchal on 3 August, 2012
In regard to defective investigation, this Court in
Dayal Singh v. State of Uttaranchal [(2012) 8 SCC 263]
while dealing with the cases of omissions and
commissions by the investigating officer, and duty of
the court in such cases, held as under: (SCC pp. 280-83,
paras 27-36)‖
xxx‖
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Zahira Habibullah Sheikh & Anr vs State Of Gujarat & Ors on 8 March, 2006
In Zahira Habibullah Sheikh (5) v. State of Gujarat
[(2006) 3 SCC 374 : (2006) 2 SCC (Cri) 8] , the Court
noticed the importance of the role of witnesses in a criminal
trial. The importance and primacy of the quality of trial
process can be observed from the words of Bentham, who
states that witnesses are the eyes and ears of justice. The
Court issued a caution that in such situations, there is a
greater responsibility of the court on the one hand and on
the other the courts must seriously deal with persons who
are involved in creating designed investigation. The Court
held that: (SCC p. 398, para 42)
―42. Legislative measures to emphasise prohibition against
tampering with witness, victim or informant have become
the imminent and inevitable need of the day. Conducts
which illegitimately affect the presentation of evidence in
proceedings before the courts have to be seriously and
sternly dealt with. There should not be any undue anxiety
to only protect the interest of the accused. That would be
unfair, as noted above, to the needs of the society. On the
contrary, efforts should be to ensure a fair trial where the
accused and the prosecution both get a fair deal. Public
interest in proper administration of justice must be given as
much importance, if not more, as the interest of the
individual accused. In this courts have a vital role to play.‖
Hema vs State Tr.Insp.Of Police Madras on 7 January, 2013
In Hema versus State (2013) 10 SCC 192, the Supreme Court
analysed the law on the subject and reiterated that if the evidence
adduced is reliable, the contaminated conduct of the police officers
and the defective investigation would not entitle an accused to be
acquitted, observing:
C. Muniappan & Ors vs State Of Tamil Nadu on 30 August, 2010
In C. Muniappan
v. State of T.N. [(2010) 9 SCC 567], the following
discussion and conclusions are relevant which are as
follows: (SCC p. 589, para 55)
―55. There may be highly defective investigation in a
case. However, it is to be examined as to whether there
is any lapse by the IO and whether due to such lapse
any benefit should be given to the accused. The law on
this issue is well settled that the defect in the
investigation by itself cannot be a ground for acquittal.
If primacy is given to such designed or negligent
investigations or to the omissions or lapses by
perfunctory investigation, the faith and confidence of
the people in the criminal justice administration would
be eroded. Where there has been negligence on the part
of the investigating agency or omissions, etc. which
resulted in defective investigation, there is a legal
obligation on the part of the court to examine the
prosecution evidence dehors such lapses, carefully, to
find out whether the said evidence is reliable or not and
to what extent it is reliable and as to whether such
lapses affected the object of finding out the truth.
Therefore, the investigation is not the solitary area for
judicial scrutiny in a criminal trial. The conclusion of
the trial in the case cannot be allowed to depend solely
on the probity of investigation.‖
Gajoo vs State Of Uttarakhand on 13 September, 2012
17. Since, the Court has adverted to all the earlier decisions
with regard to defective investigation and outcome of the
same, it is useful to refer the dictum laid down in those
cases: (Gajoo case [(2012) 9 SCC 532], SCC pp. 540-44,
para 20)
―20.
Sudhir Kumar Mukherjee And Sham Lal Shaw vs State Of West Bengal on 24 September, 1973
17. A Division Bench of this Court of which one of us (Sanjiv
Khanna, J.) was a member, in Crl. Appeal No.605/2013, titled Sudhir
Kumar versus State, decided on 2nd September, 2013, has held that
when it is apparent that certain factual aspects have been held back
and have not been brought on record creating grave suspicion, the
Court must examine whether the lack of or improper investigation has
resulted in incompleteness or uncertainty. If the investigation leave a
number of queries unanswered and creates confusion, or ambiguity,
conviction should not be ordered/sustained. However, in every case
of defective investigation, an accused cannot be acquitted, if the
Crla 929/2011 Page 14 of 27
reliable evidence produced, dehors the defective investigation, is
sufficient to bring home the guilt of the accused beyond all reasonable
doubts. In such matters, the accused cannot take advantage of
defective investigation unless the ‗defective investigation' causes
reasonable doubt about the prosecution case. In the present case,
defective investigation has resulted in disappearance and loss of
evidence. It would not negate and erase the evidence and material
filed and relied upon by us. No prejudice and injustice is suffered by
the appellant. The defective investigation it is apparent was at the
behest and to help the appellant.
Trimukh Maroti Kirkan vs State Of Maharashtra on 11 October, 2006
19. The aforesaid circumstances when read with Section 106 of the
Evidence Act, would complete the chain implicating and proving
beyond doubt that the appellant alone was the perpetrator of the
aforesaid offence and is guilty of murder. The unnatural and
homicidal death of Dimple had taken place in confines of her
matrimonial home. In such cases when the prosecution establishes
and discharges the initial burden that the offence was committed in
the house and the accused was present at that time, the explanation of
the accused as to how and why the occurrence took place assumes
significance and is important. Accused then cannot keep quiet or
offer no explanation meeting the incriminating material. When
presence of an accused/appellant at the time of homicidal death is
established and proved beyond doubt, the principle enshrined in
section 106 of the Evidence Act, 1872 impels and requires an
explanation from the accused/appellant as to the cause and the reason
for the injury that caused loss of life. When no such explanation is
forthcoming or explanation is found to be untrue, the said fact
Crla 929/2011 Page 17 of 27
becomes an additional link in the chain of circumstances making it
complete (See Trimukh Maroti Kirkan versus State of Maharashtra
(2006) 10 SCC 681 and other cases mentioned therein).