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Mukesh & Co. Tobacco Products Pvt. Ltd vs Gujarat State Forest Development ... on 12 October, 2011
cites
The Limitation Act, 1963
V.R. Nathan vs Mac Laboratories (P.) Ltd. on 5 August, 1974
16.2In V.R. Nathan v. Mac. Laboratories (P) Ltd.
(AIR 1975 Madras 189), relied on by Mr. Thakkar, it was
held that in a suit for injunction, amendment of plaint
seeking relief of damages in lieu of or in addition to
injunction cannot be refused. In the instant case, in a
suit for declaration, injunction and specific
performance, the plaintiff proposes to add a relief of
recovery of money paid by the plaintiff to the defendants
and damages for the same cause of action for which
injunction is sought. It cannot be overlooked that the
plaintiff does not seek any amendment other than the
amendment in the relief clause.
Ganesh Trading Co vs Moji Ram on 25 January, 1978
16.4Mr. Thakkar then relied on the decision of the
Apex Court in the case of M/s Ganesh Trading Co. v.
Moji Ram [(1978) 2 SCC 91]. He submitted that the Apex
Court has held that procedural law is intended to
facilitate and not to obstruct the course of substantive
justice. In that case, a question regarding amendment
was considered and the Court observed that, if a
plaintiff seeks to alter the cause of action itself and
to introduce, indirectly, through an amendment of his
pleadings, an entirely new or inconsistent cause of
action, amounting virtually to the substitution of a new
plaint or a new cause of action in place of what was
originally there, the Court will refuse such amendment
even if it amounts to depriving the party against which a
suit is pending of any right which may have accrued in
its favour due lapse of time. Mere failure to set out
even an essential fact does not, by itself, constitute a
new cause of action. A cause of action is constituted by
the whole bundle of essential facts which the plaintiff
must prove before he can succeed in his suit. It must be
antecedent to the institution of the suit. If any
essential fact is lacking from averments in the plaint,
the cause of action will be defective. In that case, an
attempt to supply the omission has been and could some
times be viewed as equivalent to an introduction of a new
cause of action. The Court observed that defective
pleadings are generally curable if the cause of action
sought to be brought out was not ab initio completely
absent. Even very defective pleadeings may be permitted
to be cured, so as to constitute a cause of action where
there was none, provided necessary conditions such as
payment of either any additional Court fees, which may be
payable, or of costs of the other side are complied with.
It is only if lapse of time has barred the remedy on a
newly constituted cause of action that the Court should,
ordinarily, refuse prayers for amendment of pleadings.
M. L. Sethi vs R. P. Kapur on 19 July, 1972
In M.L. Sethi v. R.P.
Kapur (AIR 1972 SCC 2379), the Apex Court held that
"Section 115 empowers the High Court to satisfy itself on
three matters, namely (a) that the order of the
subordinate Court is within its jurisdiction; (b) that
the case is one in which the Court ought to exercise
jurisdiction; and (c) that in exercising jurisdiction the
Court has not acted illegally, that is, in breach of some
provision of law, or with material irregularity by
committing some error of procedure in the course of the
trial which is material in that it may have affected the
ultimate decision. And if the High Court is satisfied on
these three matters it has no power to interfere because
it differs from the conclusions of the subordinate court
on questions of fact or law." The Apex Court observed
that an erroneous decision on a question of law reached
by the subordinate Court which has no relation to
question of jurisdiction of that Court cannot be
corrected by the High Court under Section 115.
Manick Chandra Nandy vs Debdas Nandy And Ors. on 20 December, 1985
17.1In Manick Chandra Nandy v. Debdas Nandy and Ors.
(AIR 1986 SC 446), the Apex Court observed that exercise
of revisional jurisdiction is confined to question of
jurisdiction only.
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Nichhalbhai Vallabhai And Ors. vs Jaswantlal Zinabhai And Ors. on 23 August, 1965
In Nichhalbhai Vallabhai &
Ors. v. Jaswantlal Zinabhai & Ors.(AIR 1966 SC 997), it
was held that the amend was intended at avoiding
multiplicity of suits and, therefore, it was rightly
allowed. It may be noted that the decision was mainly
based on the facts of that case and interpretation of the
words used in the plaint was also taken into
consideration. There cannot be any dispute about the
principle that amendment should be allowed to avoid
multiplicity of proceedings. But such amendments can be
allowed provided the amendment sought for does not change
the basic constitution, structure or fabric of the case
of the party.
The Companies Act, 1956
Nair Service Society Ltd vs Rev. Father K. C. Alexander & Ors on 12 February, 1968
16.1Mr. Thakkar then relied on the decision in the
case of Nair Service Society Ltd. v. K.C. Alexander
and Ors.(AIR 1968 SC 1165). It was held in that case
that considering the unusually prolonged litigation,
amendment was allowed to avoid circuity of litigation.
The decision was rendered on facts of that particular
case.