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1 - 10 of 13 (0.25 seconds)Article 310 in Constitution of India [Constitution]
Article 311 in Constitution of India [Constitution]
M. Ramanatha Pillai vs The State Of Kerala & Anr.(With ... on 27 August, 1973
The High Court then referred to N. Ramanatha
Pillai v. State of Kerala & Anr.,(3) a decision of
5 learned Judges of this Court, in which Ray CJ.,
speaking for the Constitution Bench of this
Court,
(1) A.I.R. 1971 S.C. 40. (2) [1970] (1)
S.C.C. 108 at 111.
Parshotam Lal Dhingra vs Union Of India on 1 November, 1957
The propositions laid down in Dhingra's case (supra) by
this, Court mean that, unless a legally justifiable ground
is made out for the termination of the service of a Govern-
ment servant. in permanent service, in the sense that he is
entitled to remain in service until he' reaches the age of
retirement, he could be deemed in a given case to be pun-
ished by an apparently innocent order of termination of
service. If, however, the respondent belonged to a class of
government servants the tenure or conditions of whose serv-
ice was subject to the over-riding and unqualified sway of
the power to terminate his services at will, by reason of
Article 310(1) of the Constitution, we doubt whether he
could claim to be a "permanent" servant, who could continue,
as of right, in service until he reaches the age of super-
annuation. At any rate, he could not be a "permanent"
Government servant of the same class as one protected by
Article 311.
Lekh Raj Khurana vs Union Of India on 3 March, 1971
Even if we were to hold that the plaintiff-respondent
was constructively punished, the provisions of Article 311,
unfortunately, do not apply to such a Government servant as
the respondent was. Whereas the power contained in Article
310 governs all Government servants, including those in the
services connected with defence, the benefits of Article
311, which impose limitations on the exercise of this power
in cases of punishment, do not extend to those who hold
posts "connected with defence". Constitution Bench of this
Court has held, after a review of relevant authorities,
this to be the position of the. holder of a post such as
that of the plaintiff-respondent in L. R: Khurana v.
Union of India. (1)
As the plaintiff-respondent was not entitled to the
protection of Article 311, the only effect of the 1965
Rules upon his case is that they could be applied if disci-
plinary proceedings had been taken against him as the
holder of a post "connected with defence". In other eases
of such servants,. where no such disciplinary proceedings
are instituted (and none were started against the
plaintiff-respondent), the 1965 Rules, governing procedure
for. punishments to be imposed, will not apply at all.
There is no legal obligation to apply those rules here. The
legal obligation to apply them to every case of punish-
ment, flowing from Article 311, is confined to holders of
posts covered by Article 311.
The State Of Uttar Pradesh And Others vs Babu Ram Upadhya on 25 November, 1960
"If there is a specific provlsion in some part
of the Constitution giving to a Government servant
a tenure different from that provided for in Art.
310, that Government servant is excluded from the
operation of Art. 310. The said words refer,
inter alia,, to Arts. 124, 148, 218 and 324 which
provide that the Judges of the Supreme. Court, the
Auditor General, the Judges of the High Courts and
the Chief Election Commissioner shall not be re-
moved from their offices except in the manner laid
down in those Articles. If the provisions of the
Constitution specifically prescribing different
tenures were excluded from Art. 310, the purpose of
that clause would be exhausted and thereafter the
Article would be free from any other restrictive
operation. In that event, Art. 309 and 310 should
be read together, excluding the opening words in
the latter Article, namely, "Except as expressly
provided by this Constitution". Learned Counsel
seeks to confine the operation of the opening words
in Art. 309 to the provisions of the Constitution
which empower other authorities to make rules
relating to the conditions of service of certain
classes of public servants:, namely Arts. 146(2),
148(5) and 229(2). That may:be so, but there is no
reason why Art. 310. should
(1) A.I.R. 1961 S.C. 751.