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Saharanpur Electric Supply Co. Ltd. ... vs Commissioner Of Income-Tax Etc.Etc on 15 January, 1992
cites
Income Tax Rules, 1962
Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Bombay ... vs Bassein Electric Supply Co. Ltd. on 25 March, 1978
); C.I.T v. Calcutta
Electric Supply Corporation Ltd., [1987] 166 I.T.R. 797
(Cal); C.I.T. v. Bassein Electric Supply Co. Ltd., (1989)
177 I.T.R. 482 (Ker.
Commissioner Of Income-Tax vs Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation ... on 2 March, 1981
); C.I.T. v. Calcutta Electric Supply
Corporation Ltd. [1989] 179 I.T.R. 580 (Cal); and Ahmedabad
Electricity Co. Ltd. v. C.I.T., [1991] 190 I.T.R. 413
(Bom.). The appellants before us contest the correctness of
this unanimous view of the High Courts. Indeed some of the
decisions above referred to form the subject matter of some
of these appeals.
Karnani Industrial Bank Ltd. vs Commr. Of Income-Tax, West Bengal on 29 June, 1953
We are of the opinion that these contentions are
unfounded. It is incorrect to view the position as if, when
an assessee acquires an asset, he acquires a right to obtain
depreciation thereon equal to the actual cost of the asset
as originally determined for tax purposes. The effect of
clause (c) to the proviso to Section 10(2) (vi) of the 1922
Act and Section 34(3) of the 1961 Act is only this that,
while allowing depreciation in respect of any asset the
officer should be careful to see that the aggregate of the
depreciation allowed to the assessee in respect of that
asset does not exceed the actual cost of the asset. In other
words, as and when the provision is applied for each and
every assessment year and the depreciation on any asset is
calculated, it should be ensured that the depreciation
allowed does not exceed the actual cost of the asset. In
other words, the "actual cost" referred to is not the actual
cost as originally determined at the time of acquisition.
Thus, in the cases before us, while examining whether a
particular asset is entitled to any depreciation for the
assessment year 1962-63, the officer will find that it has
already secured depreciation much more than the actual cost
of the asset as determined by him and will grant no further
depreciation in respect thereof. It is no doubt true that in
past years the asset had become eligible to amounts of
depreciation the aggregate of which exceeds the actual cost
as presently determined and, if that depreciation is
deducted from the actual cost subsequently arrived at, a
negative figure may result. But such a situation will arise
even in the category of the cases in which, according to
counsel, the revision of actual cost is permissible. Thus,
even in Karnani Industrial Bank (supra) cited by him, the
assessee had obtained for earlier years depreciation for
exceeding the real cost of the asset. This is an "anomaly"
which arises because the assessee was erroneously granted
higher depreciation than he deserved. But, even here, there
was no negative written down value in earlier years and,
equally, there will be none in the year of revision as the
effect of the proviso is not to produce a negative written
down value but only to preclude further grant of
depreciation on the asset in future. Read thus as a
limitation on the maximum amount of depreciation that an
assessee can claim in respect of a particular asset, there
is no question of arriving at a negative written down value.
We are, therefore, unable to accept the contention of
counsel that the interpretation contended for by the depart-
ment operates against the well
137
known principle that retrospective operation-assuming that
the provision has a retrospective effect-should not be
presumed where existing or past rights are interfered with.
M/S. Maharana Mills (Private) Ltd vs The Income-Tax Officer, Porbandar on 14 April, 1959
In Maharana Mills (P) Ltd. v.
I.T.O. [1959]36 ITR 350(SC) the Officer rectified the
assessments of the assessee to re-work the written down
value computed and the depreciation granted for earlier
years as not being in accordance with law. The validity of
these rectifications was upheld.
Habib Hussein vs Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Bombay ... on 8 August, 1962
In fact
this is what happened in Habib Hussein's case. It was not a
case of the category suggested by Sri Dastur. It was a case
where the figure of original cost underwent a change by
reason of a subsequent agreement and the High Court directed
that the sum of Rs. 3,30,000 or part thereof attributable to
the acquisition of the assets "should be included in the
actual cost of these assets to the assessee in the respec-
tive year or years of account at the commencement of which
the liability to pay it or part thereof had accrued or would
accrue".
Section 43 in The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Entire Act]
Section 10 in Income Tax Rules, 1962 [Entire Act]
Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Gujarat Ii vs Cambay Electric Supply Industrial Co. ... on 24 December, 1975
); C.I.T. v. Lonawalla Khandalla Electric
Supply Co.Ltd.,(1985) 22 Taxman 77 (Bom.