Registration Act, even though such a document can be used for a collateral purpose and that oral evidence can be adduced to establish that there ... Transfer of Property Act or as evidence of any collateral transaction to required to be effected by a registered instrument. (Emphasis ours). The question
legal maxim that the acts of officers de facto cannot be questioned collateral."
11. The de facto doctrine has been recognised by Indian Courts ... body of individuals were permitted at his or their pleasure, the collaterally challenge the authority of and to refuse obedience to the Government
Specific Relief Act, 1877, or as evidence of any collateral
transaction not required to be effected by registered instrument."
11. In K.B. Sana ... Such unregistered document can however be used as an evidence of
collateral purpose as provided in the Proviso to Section 49 of the Registration
stated to have been intimated to
Kusam Eshwaraiah and Kusam Ramesh, the collateral security
providers. It was further stated that as Sudhamalla Venkat Swamy ... collateral security providers had not cleared the arrears, the
loan account had become overdue and stood
Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882), or as evidence of any collateral transaction not required to be effected by registered instrument)".
11. A plain ... evidence of part performance of contract or as evidence of any collateral transaction not required to be effected by registered document. The proviso makes
saying unregistered documents are admissible to show nature of
possession as a collateral purpose and so far as the unregistered
sale deed not admissible ... admissible in evidence of
contents, it can be looked into for collateral purpose, such as, to
see nature of possession of the party over
open to a party to contend in another suit or in a collateral proceeding that a decree passed against him is void merely ... passed cannot be held as void. No decree can be challenged in collateral proceedings or in another suit on the ground that the decree
suffers from the vice of non-application of mind or formulation of collateral grounds or beyond the scope of statute, or irrelevant and extraneous material ... task of identification or for that matter, the Executive includes, for collateral reasons any group or class not specifying the relevant criteria as a backward
scheduled properties to his share, it would be a case of collateral succession and the appellant would fail, because his adoption was much later after ... ground that his adoption being much later after the opening of collateral succession, he Cannot divest an already vested right.
12. It is now well
cannot be brought into jeopardy in that fashion. Hence the rule against collateral attack on validity of judicial appointments. To question a Judge ... appointment in an appeal against his judgment is, of course, such a collateral attack...."
21. The de facto doctrine was invoked by the Supreme
