exercise of such powers shall be subject to ex post facto ratification by the National Authority
Section 200 in The Indian Contract Act, 1872
200. Ratification of unauthorized act cannot injure third person—
An act done by one person on behalf ... terminating any right or interest of a third person, cannot, by ratification, be made to have such effect. Illustrations (a) A, not being authorized thereto
Section 197 in The Indian Contract Act, 1872
197. Ratification may be expressed or implied.—
Ratification may be expressed or may be implied ... them to C on his own account; B's conduct implies a ratification of the purchase made for him by A. (b) A, without
Indian Contract Act, 1872
198. Knowledge requisite for valid ratification.—
No valid ratification can be made by a person whose knowledge of the facts
formality indicated in Article 368 (2)
of the Constitution for taking ratification has not been complied
with before presenting it to the President for assent ... with the
provisions of Article 368 (2) of the Constitution by taking
ratification of the majority of the State Legislatures. The object
achieved
Whether in the absence of authority for such a grant or its ratification the Collector could, as de facto guardian and administrator give such ... lease had been entered into. And full knowledge is essential to ratification; Lewis v. Read (1845) 13 M. & W. 834; Hilbery v. Hatton
dated 22.04.2013 is whether Part IXB is
non est for want of ratification by half of the States under the proviso
to Article ... ultra vires the Constitution of India for want of the requisite
ratification under Article 368(2) proviso, which however will not
impact amendments that have
examined from yet another
angle by applying the law relating to "Ratification" which was not taken
note of by the High Court ... expression “Ratification” means “the making valid of an act
already done”. This principle is derived from the Latin maxim “ratihabitio
mandato aequiparatur” meaning thereby
Alienation by widow--Reversioner's suit to set
aside alienation--Ratification of alienation by reversioner.
HEADNOTE:
M, a Hindu, died leaving his mother, widow ... whether the conduct of the reversioner on which
the plea of ratification is based does in law amount to
ratification properly so called
that the company shall place the matter relating to such appointment for ratification by members at every annual general meeting: Provided further that before such