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Section 497 in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 [Entire Act]

liberty by accepting the notion of marriage which overthrows the true equality. “Equality is overthrown by adopting the sanctions of penal code to a gender ... respect for sexual autonomy is established.” This section denies the substantive equality as it provides that women are not able to give her free consent
Union of India - Section Cites 0 - Cited by 1684

Jane Kaushik vs Union Of India on 17 October, 2025

expression “equality before law” in Article 14 promises formalistic sense of equality, whereas the expression “equal protection of law” guarantees substantive equality. In other words ... concept of equality. Equality means parity of treatment under parity of conditions. Equality does not connote absolute equality. A classification in order to be constitutional
Supreme Court of India Cites 137 - Cited by 0 - Full Document

Dr. Jaya Thakur vs Government Of India on 30 January, 2026

formal equality and guaranteed that likes would be treated alike. Under this formal conception of equality, although equality before the law and equal protection ... Feminist Theories of (In)equality, in Equality and Judicial Neutrality (1987).] . To move away from a formalistic notion of equality which disregards social realities
Supreme Court of India Cites 109 - Cited by 0 - Full Document

Naveen Kumar vs State Of Haryana And Ors on 27 February, 2026

that itself would be a negation of the principle of substantive equality. Therefore, it can easily be inferred that the rule relating to practice ... disadvantages faced by persons with disabilities, is imperative to achieve substantive equality in furtherance of the statutory promise of 'reasonable accommodation.' The reservation
Punjab-Haryana High Court Cites 28 - Cited by 0 - Full Document
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