proceedings and that a company acts through natural persons and subsequent
ratification validates the complaint.
22. In Samrat Shipping Co. Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Dolly George ... proceedings and that a company acts through natural persons and subsequent
ratification validates the complaint. Similar is the decision of the Apex Court in
United
subsequently 'rectified' by ratification of the competent authority. Ratification by definition means the making valid of an act already done. The principle ... subsequently 'rectified' by ratification of the competent authority. Ratification by definition means the making valid of an act already done. The principle
Ratification" which
was not taken note of by the High Court.
29. The expression “Ratification” means “the making valid of an act
already done ... could not be subsequently “rectified” by ratification of the
competent authority. Ratification by definition means the making valid of
an act already done. The principle
they had been
performed by his authority.
Section197 . Ratification may be expressed or implied.-
Ratification may be expressed or may be implied in the conduct ... whose behalf the acts are done.
Section198 . Knowledge requisite for valid ratification.- No
valid ratification can be made by a person whose knowledge
subsequently
adopted or ratified by the principal which has the effect of
validating it from its inception. The idea of agency in
relation ... answer to the second question is that
there can be no valid ratification and therefore there can be
no estoppel on account of any such
subsequently
adopted or ratified by the principal which has the effect of
validating it from its inception. The idea of agency in
relation ... valid ratification and therefore there can be no
estoppel on account of any such ratification."
14.In the light of the law settled
whether Ex.P.1 can be
taken as the ratification on behalf of the company for
the action taken by the Manager ... complaint and even if it is so, would be the valid
ratification.
25. ........................ In this context, I further
make it clear that in terms
held
that:
'Defect in irregularity in
authorization is curable; subsequent
ratification validates the complaint.'
Further the counsel for the complainant has
relied upon
firm and all partners. The
consent functions as a form of ratification, validating the partner's action. This
principle is based on the idea ... company, wherein
ratification is required from the board of the directors.
28.1. The question of launching a valid criminal prosecution under section
firm and all partners. The
consent functions as a form of ratification, validating the partner's action. This
principle is based on the idea ... company, wherein
ratification is required from the board of the directors.
28.1. The question of launching a valid criminal prosecution under section
