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State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

Dr. Praveen Mehrotra vs Kel Tech Infrastructure Ltd on 28 March, 2022

Cause Title/Judgement-Entry STATE CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION, UP C-1 Vikrant Khand 1 (Near Shaheed Path), Gomti Nagar Lucknow-226010   Complaint Case No. CC/204/2019 ( Date of Filing : 22 Jul 2019 )   1. Dr. Praveen Mehrotra S/O Late P.N. Mehrotra Presently R/O C-220A Sector C Mahanagar Lucknow U.P. ...........Complainant(s) Versus 1. Kel Tech Infrastructure Ltd Corporate Office S-11 2nd Floor Aditya City Centre Vaibhav Khand Indirauram (above Kotak Mahindra Bank) Ghaziabad U.P. ............Opp.Party(s)   BEFORE:     HON'BLE MR. Rajendra Singh PRESIDING MEMBER   HON'BLE MR. SUSHIL KUMAR JUDICIAL MEMBER   PRESENT:   Dated : 28 Mar 2022 Final Order / Judgement राज्‍य उपभोक्‍ता विवाद प्रतितोष आयोग , उ0प्र0 , लखनऊ।

सुरक्षित परिवाद सं0-२०४/२०१९  

१. डॉ0 प्रवीन मेहरोत्रा पुत्र स्‍व0 पी0एन0 मेहरोत्रा, आयु लगभग ६४ वर्ष, वर्तमान निवासी सी-२२० ए, सैक्‍टर-सी, महानगर, लखनऊ (यू.पी.)।

२ श्रीमती प्रीति मेहरोत्रा पत्‍नी डॉ0 प्रवीन मेहरोत्रा, आयु लगभग ६० वर्ष, वर्तमान निवासी सी-२२० ए, सैक्‍टर-सी, महानगर, लखनऊ (यू.पी.)। 

.............परिवादीगण।

बनाम

१. केलटेक इन्‍फ्रास्‍ट्रक्‍चर लि0 (formerly known as Kumar Linkers Infrastructure Ltd.) (द्वारा डायरेक्‍टर) कारपोरेट आफिस : एस-११, द्वितीय तल, आदित्‍य सिटी सेण्‍टर, वैभव खण्‍ड, इन्दिरापुरम (कोटक महिन्‍द्रा बैंक के ऊपर), गाजियाबाद, यू0पी0।

रजिस्‍टर्ड आफिस, ७, आई0पी0 बिल्डिंग, यूजीएफ-२ व ३, ई-१०९, पाण्‍डव नगर, निकट अक्षरधाम मन्दिर, एन.एच.-२४, दिल्‍ली-११००९२. 

२. केलटेक इन्‍फ्रास्‍ट्रक्‍चर लि0 (formerly known as Kumar Linkers Infrastructure Ltd.) (द्वारा जनरल मैनेजर) कारपोरेट आफिस : एस-११, द्वितीय तल, आदित्‍य सिटी सेण्‍टर, वैभव खण्‍ड, इन्दिरापुरम (कोटक महिन्‍द्रा बैंक के ऊपर), गाजियाबाद, यू0पी0।

रजिस्‍टर्ड आफिस, ७, आई0पी0 बिल्डिंग, यूजीएफ-२ व ३, ई-१०९, पाण्‍डव नगर, निकट अक्षरधाम मन्दिर, एन.एच.-२४, दिल्‍ली-११००९२.

.............विपक्षीगण।

समक्ष :-

१. मा0 श्री राजेन्‍द्र सिंह, सदस्‍य।
२. मा0 श्री सुशील कुमार, सदस्‍य।
 

परिवादीगण की ओर से उपस्थित :- श्री संकल्‍प मेहरोत्रा विद्वान अधिवक्‍ता।

विपक्षीगण की ओर से उपस्थित  :- श्री नीरज कुमार सिंह विद्वान अधिवक्‍ता।

 

दिनांक २०-०४-२०२२.  

मा0 श्री राजेन्‍द्र सिंह, सदस्‍य द्वारा उदघोषित   निर्णय         संक्षेप में परिवादीगण का कथन है कि परिवादी सं0-१ वरिष्‍ठ नागरिक है और विपक्षी सं0-१ व २ कम्‍पनी हैं। परिवादीगण ने एक ३ बी0एच0के0 का फ्लैट सं0-के-१४११, सुपर एरिया १७२५ वर्गफुट, आवासी योजना (कुमार गोल्‍फ विस्‍टा) जो क्रॉसिंग रिपब्लिक, गाजियाबाद, उ0प्र0 में स्थित है, में एक संविदा दिनांक १५-०७-२०१२ के       -२- अन्‍तर्गत बुक किया। इसके लिए कुल ४०,६७,५००/- रू० देना था जो संविदा दिनांकित १५-०७-२०१२ के अन्‍तर्गत था। इसमें अन्‍य शुल्‍क शामिल नहीं थे। परिवादीगण ने कुल ४२,६२,३७५/- रू० सभी शुल्‍कों सहित विपक्षीगण को आदा कर दिया। परिवादीगण ने एच0डी0एफ0सी0 बैंक से इस फ्लैट के सम्‍बन्‍ध में त्रिपक्षीय एग्रीमेण्‍ट दिनांकित १२-०२-२०१३ द्वारा ऋण लिया था जिसमें परिवादीगण, विपक्षीगण और एच0डी0एफ0सी0 बैंक शामिल थे। इस एग्रीमेण्‍ट की शर्तों के अनुसार इस फ्लैट का निर्माण और तैयार कर ३६ माह में दिया जाना था। परिवादी ने इस सम्‍बन्‍ध में विपक्षी के कार्यालय में २०१५ तक कई बार यात्रा की और उन लोगों ने झूठा आश्‍वासन दिया कि कार्य समय के अन्‍दर पूरा हो जाएगा लेकिन यह कार्य आज तक पूरा नहीं हुआ।

      परिवादी वरिष्‍ठ नागरिक है और अत्‍यन्‍त कठिनाई से अर्जित आय के माध्‍यम से उसने यह फ्लैट क्रय किया जो उसे १५-०७-२०१५ तक दिया जाना था। विपक्षी ने दुराशय और जानबूझकर अपने उपेक्षापूर्ण रवैये और सेवा में कमी को देखते हुए झूठे वादे किए क्‍योंकि कथित फ्लैट रहने योग्‍य है ही नहीं। इस तरह विपक्षी का दुराशय स्‍पष्‍ट होता है। विपक्षी ने एक पत्र दिनांक २२-०८-२०१८ को परिवादी को रख-रखाव शुल्‍क जमा करने के सम्‍बन्‍ध में भेजा। जब परिवादी ने पता किया तब बताया गया कि फ्लैट अभी तैयार नहीं है, अत: कोई रख-रखाव शुल्‍क नहीं देना है। इसके पश्‍चात् विपक्षी ने कई बार आश्‍वासन दिया कि फ्लैट मार्च, २०१९ तक तैयार हो जाएगा और इसका भौतिक आधिपत्‍य परिवादी को दे दिया जाएगा, लेकिन फ्लैट का निर्माण कार्य आज तक पूरा नहीं हुआ है। निर्धारित शर्तों के अनुसार विपक्षी जुर्माना देने के लिए उत्‍तरायी है। परिवादी ने अप्रैल, २०१९ में मौके पर निरीक्षण किया और पाया कि फ्लैट अब भी अपूर्ण है। वहॉं उपस्थित विपक्षी के अधिकारियों एवं कर्मचारियों ने बताया कि कब्‍जा लेने के पश्‍चात् ही शेष कार्य पूरा किया जाएगा, जिससे स्‍पष्‍ट हुआ कि विपक्षी अपने कर्तव्‍यों से बच रहा है। तब परिवादी ने विपक्षी को अपने अधिवक्‍ता के माध्‍यम से एक विधिक नोटिस भेजी जो उस पर तामील हुई लेकिन उसने इस पर ध्‍यान नहीं दिया। विपक्षी ने अभी तक कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट प्राप्‍त नहीं किया है। विपक्षी ने सेवा में कमी प्रदर्शित की है और फ्लैट न मिलने के कारण परिवादी को लिए गए ऋण की धनराशि पर ब्‍याज अदा     -३- करना पड़ रहा है। विपक्षी ने झूठा आश्‍वासन दे कर और फर्जी रूप से परिवादी से उपरोक्‍त धनराशि प्राप्‍त कर ली और उसे फ्लैट का कब्‍जा नहीं दिया, जैसा कि दोनों पक्षों के बीच समझौते में कहा गया था और इस कारण परिवादी को अत्‍यधिक हानि उठानी पड़ रही है। विपक्षी ०३ साल में फ्लैट बनाकर देने के लिए उत्‍तरदायी था किन्‍तु उसने ऐसा नहीं किया और उसने सेवा में कमी की है। अत: विपक्षीगण पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से जमा की गई धनराशि १८ प्रतिशत ब्‍याज सहित वापस करने के लिए उत्‍तरदायी हैं और ऋण पर दिए गए ब्‍याज को भी विपक्षीगण ही देने के लिए उत्‍तरदायी हैं। इसके अतिरिक्‍त सेवा में कमी के कारण विपक्षीगण से १०.०० लाख रू० भी दिलाए जाऐं।

      विपक्षीगण ने अपने लिखित कथन में कहा है कि सम्‍बन्धित फ्लैट को ३६ माह और इसके अतिरिक्‍त ०६ माह में देने के लिए कहा गया था। विपक्षी फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दे नहीं पाया किन्‍तु परिवादी ने इस सम्‍बन्‍ध में कोई अभिलेख नहीं दिया है। फ्लैट का कब्‍जा जनवरी, २०१६ से पहले देना था किन्‍तु परिवाद विलम्‍ब से प्रस्‍तुत किया गया है, जो कालबाधित है। विपक्षी विलम्‍ब के लिए ०५/- रू० प्रति वर्गफुट की दर से देने के लिए उत्‍त्‍रदायी है। फ्लैट सितम्‍बर, २०१६ में तैयार हो चुका है और इसको परिवादी के संज्ञान में विपक्षी ने दिनांक १९-११-२०१५, २२-०२-२०१६, १७-०४-२०१७ एवं २९-०१-२०१८ को भेजे अपने पत्रों के माध्‍यम से लाया था। परिवादी ने इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा प्राप्‍त नहीं किया। एग्रीमेण्‍ट की शर्तों के अनुसार फ्लैट का कब्‍जा लेने के पहले क्रेता को सभी बकाया अदा करना होगा और विक्रय प्रलेख निष्‍पादित कराना होगा। परिवादी ने अपने नाम से फ्लैट को पंजीकृत कराने से मना कर दिया इसलिए वह अपने आचरण से ही कब्‍जा नहीं ले पाया। परिवादी ने न तो अपना आबंटन निरस्‍त कराया और न ही अपनी धनराशि वापस लेने के लिए कोई पत्र भेजा। एग्रीमेण्‍ट के क्‍लाज-३० के अनुसार पक्षकारों को अपना विवाद मध्‍यस्‍थ के माध्‍यम से तय कराना था किन्‍तु परिवादी ने यह परिवाद प्रस्‍तुत कर दिया जो गलत है।

      उपभोक्‍ता संरक्षण अधिनियम कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट के बारे में नहीं कहता है। विपक्षी के पास सभी प्रकार के अनुज्ञा प्राप्‍त हैं लेकिन यह प्रशासनिक कारणों से प्राप्‍त नहीं हो पाई। कुमार गोल्‍फ विस्‍टा के सम्‍बन्‍ध में जी0डी0ए0     -४- द्वारा दिनांक २२-१०-२०१९ को आदेश जारी किया गया और सुविधाओं की कमी से कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट न मिलना गलत है बल्कि प्रशासनिक कारणों से प्राप्‍त नहीं हो पाया। ऐसी स्थिति में वर्तमान परिवाद हर्जाने के साथ निरस्‍त होने योग्‍य है।

      हमने उभय पक्ष के विद्वान अधिवक्‍तागण की बहस सुनी एवं पत्रावली पर उपलब्‍ध समस्‍त अभिलेखों/साक्ष्‍यों का सम्‍यक रूप से परिशीलन किया।      

      सर्वप्रथम विपक्षी का यह कथन है कि इस मामले में पक्षकारों को अपना विवाद मध्‍यस्‍थ के माध्‍यम से तय करना था। जहॉं मध्‍यस्‍थ से विवाद तय कराने का सम्‍बन्‍ध है इस मामले में निम्‍न व्‍यवस्‍था को देखना आवश्‍यक है :-

The Consumer Protection Act, came into existence and implemented in 1986, provides Consumer Rights to prevent consumers from fraud or specified unfair practices. It safeguards and encourages and gives an opportunity to consumers to speak against insufficiency and flaws in goods and services. If traders, manufacturers and distributors follow any foul trade, this act protects their rights as a consumer.
 
This Protection Act covers entire goods and services of all sectors that are public, private, or cooperative sectors, except those exempted by the central government. The act provides a floor for a consumer where one can file their complaint against the product and the forum takes an action against the concerned supplier and compensation is granted to the consumer for the inconvenience he/she has encountered. The objectives of the consumer petition act may be summarised as -
To Provide better and all round protection to consumer.
To Provide machinery for the speedy redressal of the grievances.
To Create framework for consumers to seek redressal.
To Provide rights to consumers.
To Safeguarde rights of Consumers.
-५-
What are the rights of consumers ?Let us know more about the rights of consumer. Listed below are the Rights of the Consumer Right to Safety- Before buying, a consumer can examine on the quality and guarantee of the goods and opt for ISI or AGMARK products.
Right to Choose- Consumer must have the right to choose from a variety and number of goods and in a competitive price Right to be informed- The buyers must be provided with complete information with all the necessary and adequate details of the product, make her/him act wise, and change the buying decision.
Right to Consumer Education- The consumer must be aware of his/her rights and avoid exploitation.
Right to be heard- The consumer will get due attention to express their grievances at a suitable platform.
Right to seek compensation- The consumer has the right to seek or ask for redressal against unfair and inhumane practices or exploitation of the consumer.
The aim of any act forms the indispensable element, because it acts as the cord that delivers the real intention of the legislators behind the act.  Whenever there is clash between two legislations, it is the aim of the legislation which makes the judges to derive at the endpoint in deciding which law has the superseding effect. It is through the doctrine of pith and substance that judges are able to derive at the major inclination towards one act over another act. This inclination is decided on the basis of the aim/goal of the act and the facts of that particular case.
Somewhat similar situation aroused before the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Aftab Singh and Others v. Emaar MGF Land Limited and Another ( Review Petition (C) Nos. 2629-2630 of 2018 in Civil Appeal Nos. 23512-23513 of 2017) [1]. In the said case the Hon'ble Supreme Court   -६- has held that the battle between arbitration and the statutory remedy when it comes upon solving the consumer disputes is to be decided by  the Statutory Authority. In this case, the apex body for the consumer dispute in India (NCDRC) ruled in the favor of the statutory remedy over the arbitration.
The beneficial legislation of Consumer Protection Act aims to reducing the grievances of the all classes of customers by providing them the preferential treatment. According to the Consumer Protection Act, the consumer dispute is the entity where the consumer/ customers have been given the convenient safeguards against ample exploitation like bad customer service, faulty goods or any unfair trade practices. The interest of the customers is protected by setting up, the three tier quasi-judicial consumer Redressal machinery which are at national, state and district levels as per section 9 of Consumer Protection Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (CPA) has been enacted in light of certain concerns related to public policy and the benefit of consumer.
It was held in the case of Aftab Singh v Emaar MGF Land Limited & Anr., that the provisions of the arbitration act does not apply to the consumer courts, as they are the special courts set up for the public purpose. In this case, the group of the home owners filed the complaint against Emaar MGF Land Private Limited (Builder) before NCDRC. The complaint was filed for the non-delivering the plots to the buyers as per the Buyers' Agreement. The builder filed the application under section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, on the basis of the arbitration agreement made between the parties which was mentioned there in the Buyer's Agreement.
It was argued by the petitioner that the remedies provided under the Consumer Protection Act are not in exclusion of the existing laws, but are in addition to it, which has been stated in the case of National Seed Corporation Limited v. M. Madhusudhan Reddy (2012) 2 SCC 506). It was   -७- also argued that the consumer protection act is the piece of the legislation which intends to confer the benefits and it is the, for which the purpose should be advanced. Therefore, regardless of having entered into the arbitration clause, the consumer can invoke the section 3 of the Consumer Protection Act and bring the complaint to the consumer forum (Skypak Couriers Ltd. Vs. Tata Chemicals Ltd).
The builder pleaded that the Consumer Courts act as the 'judicial authority' within the scope of section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act and therefore if there is any valid clause entered between the parties, then the consumer courts can refer the parties to the arbitration. And hence according to the act the consumer courts are obliged to bring the case for the arbitration, irrespective of the High Court and Supreme Court decisions. The NCRDC's full bench ruled that the arbitration act does not bars the consumer court's jurisdiction relying on the Supreme Court's judgment in the case of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc v. SBI Home Finance Ltd  (2011) 5 SCC 532), which provided the country with the disputes that are not arbitrable. In this case, Supreme Court, came with the 7 categories of the disputes that are not arbitrable.
इससे स्‍पष्‍ट है कि मध्‍यस्‍थ की कोई आवश्‍यकता नहीं है और उपभोक्‍ता संरक्षण अधिनियम इस विवाद का हल करने के लिए सक्षम अधिनियम है।
      इस मामले में संविदा दिनांकित १५-०७-२०१२ के अन्‍तर्गत फ्लैट बुक किया गया था और परिवादीगण ने इसके लिए एच0डी0एफ0सी0 बैंक से ऋण प्राप्‍त किया। फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिनांक १५-०७-२०१५ तक दिया जाना था। इसमें यदि विपक्षीगण के कथनानुसार ०६ माह का समय जोड़ दिया जाए तब दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ तक कब्‍जा दिया जाना था अर्थात् इस मामले में कब्‍जा देने का दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ निश्चित हुआ। विपक्षी ने इस फ्लैट के सम्‍बन्‍ध में कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट, सिविल एवियेशन विभाग, प्रदूषण नियन्‍त्रण विभाग, अग्निशमन विभाग एवं परिवहन विभाग से किसी अनापत्ति प्रमाण पत्र की प्रति प्रस्‍तुत नहीं की है जो फ्लैट का कब्‍जा देने के लिए     -८- आवश्‍यक है। मात्र किसी को बार-बार नोटिस जारी करके फ्लैट का कब्‍जा लेने के लिए कहना उचित नहीं है। विपक्षी इस मामले में बार-बार आश्‍वासन देता रहा कि फ्लैट जल्‍दी पूरा हो जाएगा जबकि परिवादीगण के अनुसार अप्रैल २०१९ में भी मौके पर फ्लैट अपूर्ण पाया गया।
      अब इस सम्‍बन्‍ध में कुछ महत्‍वपूर्ण उद्देश्‍य और न्‍यायिक दृष्‍टान्‍तों का अवलोकन किया जाता है :-
In  R V Prasannakumaar v. Mantri Castles Pvt Ltd., 2019 SCC On Line SC 224, under the terms of the ABA, possession of the flats was to be handed over to the buyers on 31 January 2014. However, the developer received an occupation certificate only on 10 February 2016 and it was thereafter from May 2016 that the developer started issuing letters offering possession. Based on this, the NCDRC awarded compensation in the form of interest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum. The developer had pleaded that since the agreement provided compensation at the rate of Rs.3 per square foot per month for delayed possession, the purchasers were not entitled to anything in addition. Dealing with the submission, this Court observed:
          "9. We are in agreement with the view of the NCDRC that the rate which has been stipulated by the developer, of compensation at the rate of Rs.3 per sq. ft. per month does not provide just or reasonable recompense to a flat buyer who has invested money and has not been handed over possession as on the stipulated date of 31 January 2014. To take a simple illustration, a flat buyer with an agreement of a flat measuring a 1000 sq. ft. would receive, under the agreement, not more than Rs. 3000/- per month. This in a city such as Bangalore does not provide just or adequate compensation. The jurisdiction of the NCDRC to award just compensation under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 cannot in the circumstances be constrained by the terms of the agreement. The agreement in its view is one sided and does not provide sufficient recompense to the flat purchasers."

The Court observed that there was a delay of two years and hence the award of interest at the rate of 6 per cent was reasonable and justified.

 

In Pioneer Urban Land and Infrastructure Limited v. Govindan Raghavan, (2019) 5 SCC 725, there was a delay of almost two years in obtaining an occupancy certificate after the date stipulated in the ABA. As a consequence, there was a failure to provide possession of the flat to the purchaser within a     -९- reasonable period. This Court dwelt on the terms of the ABA under which the builder was entitled to charge interest at 18 per cent per annum for the delay in payment of instalments by the purchaser. On the other hand, the failure to provide possession on the part of the developer was subject to a grace period of twelve months followed by a termination notice of ninety days and a further period of ninety days to the developer to effect a refund. Adverting to these clauses, the court noted:

          "6.4. A perusal of the apartment buyer's agreement dated 8-5- 2012 reveals stark incongruities between the remedies available to both the parties. For instance, Clause 6.4(ii) of the agreement entitles the appellant builder to charge interest @18% p.a. on account of any delay in payment of instalments from the respondent flat purchaser. Clause 6.4(iii) of the agreement entitles the appellant builder to cancel the allotment and terminate the agreement, if any instalment remains in arrears for more than 30 days. On the other hand, as per Clause 11.5 of the agreement, if the appellant builder fails to deliver possession of the apartment within the stipulated period, the respondent flat purchaser has to wait for a period of 12 months after the end of the grace period, before serving a termination notice of 90 days on the appellant builder, and even thereafter, the appellant builder gets 90 days to refund only the actual instalment paid by the respondent flat purchaser, after adjusting the taxes paid, interest and penalty on delayed payments. In case of any delay thereafter, the appellant builder is liable to pay interest @9% p.a. only. 6.5. Another instance is Clause 23.4 of the agreement which entitles the appellant builder to serve a termination notice upon the respondent flat purchaser for breach of any contractual obligation. If the respondent flat purchaser fails to rectify the default within 30 days of the termination notice, then the agreement automatically stands cancelled, and the appellant builder has the right to forfeit the entire amount of earnest money towards liquidated damages. On the other hand, as per Clause 11.5(v) of the agreement, if the respondent flat purchaser fails to exercise his right of termination within the time limit provided in Clause 11.5, then he shall not be entitled to terminate the agreement thereafter, and shall be bound by the provisions of the agreement."
 

Justice Indu Malhotra speaking for the Court noted:

 "6.8. A term of a contract will not be final and binding if it is shown that the flat purchasers had no option but to sign on the dotted line, on a contract framed by the builder. The contractual terms of the agreement dated 8-5-2012 are ex facie one-sided, unfair and unreasonable. The incorporation of such one-
    -१०-
sided clauses in an agreement constitutes an unfair trade practice as per Section 2(1)(r) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 since it adopts unfair methods or practices for the purpose of selling the flats by the builder." The Court observed that in these circumstances, the flat purchasers could not be compelled to obtain possession which was offered almost two years after the grace period under the agreement had expired. Hence, the NCDRC was held to have correctly awarded interest at the rate of 10 percent per annum.
   
The decision of this Court in Dhanda Case 2019 SCC On Line SC 689  has been relied upon by learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the developer as elucidating the principle that where a flat buyers agreement stipulates a consequence for delayed possession, exceptional and strong reasons must be established before the forum constituted under the Act of 1986 awards compensation in addition to what has been contractually agreed. In Dhanda's case, the SCDRC issued a direction for handing over physical possession of the residential unit to the complainant and for execution of a sale deed. In addition, compensation was awarded by way of interest at the rate of 12 per cent per annum with effect from twelve months after the stipulated date under the agreement. In an appeal by the developer, the NCDRC directed that the rate of interest for a house building loan for the corresponding period in a scheduled nationalised bank would be appropriate and if a floating rate of interest was prescribed, the higher rate of interest should be taken for the computation. A sum of Rs. 1 lac per annum from the date for handing over possession to the actual date of possession was regarded as appropriate in the facts of the case. In that case under the terms of the buyer's agreements, possession was to be delivered within twenty-four months of the execution of the agreement i.e. 10 February 2013 - failing which the developer was liable to pay compensation at the rate of Rs.10 per square foot per month for the delay. The developer contended that construction activities were delayed as a result of an injunction granted by this Court over a period of eight months and consequently sought an extension of the period for handing over possession by one year. Alternatively, the developer offered to refund the money deposited with interest at 9 per cent per annum. Construction of 258 independent floors was completed while about 1,500 units were nearing completion. In two sets of Civil Appeals which came up before this Court earlier, agreed terms were arrived at providing for the award of interest at 9 per cent per annum from the date of deposit till refund. While considering the order of the NCDRC, this Court observed:
    -११-
"16. The District Forum under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is empowered inter-alia to order the opposite party to pay such amount as may be awarded as compensation to the consumer for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of the opposite party including to grant punitive damages. But the forums under the Act cannot award interest and/or compensation by applying rule of thumb. The order to grant interest at the maximum of rate of interest charged by nationalised bank for advancing home loan is arbitrary and no nexus with the default committed. The appellant has agreed to deliver constructed flats. For delay in handing over possession, the consumer is entitled to the consequences agreed at the time of executing buyer's agreement. There cannot be multiple heads to grant of damages and interest when the parties have agreed for payment of damages at the rate of Rs. 10/- per sq. ft. per month. Once the parties agreed for a particular consequence of delay in handing over of possession then, there has to be exceptional and strong reasons for the SCDRC/NCDRC to award compensation at more than the agreed rate."
 

Now the interest may be 6% to 10% in favour of the allottees if they have not been given possession of the flat/plot within promised or within a reasonable time. The complainant has deposited the entire agreed cost of ₹ 2,997,610/- up to 1st June 2014. Now it is the duty and obligation of the opposite party to deliver the possession within stipulated time but they failed to do so.

 

In  the  case  of   PRIYANKA MITTAL & ANR. V. PARSVNATH DEVELOPERS LTD. & ANR. (NCDRC).These appeals arise out of single order of State Commission, hence, decided by common order. These appeals have been filed against the order dated 25.2.2015 in Complaint Nos. 18 of 2013- Nalin Bhargava &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 34 of 2013- Jasleen Viswanathan &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr; 58 of 2011- Janmejai Mani Tiwari Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr; 68 of 2013- Indu Singh Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 69 of 2013- Poonam Sagar Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 86 of 2010- Priyanka Mittal &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 101 of 2011- Mohd. Aslam Khan &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 130 of 2012- Dr. Sunil Kr. Singh &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr; 49 of 2012- Neera Mittal &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr; , 74 of 2011- Deepak Bhalla Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr. ; 87 of 2010- Syed Gufran Ali Alvi&Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 96 of 2011- Uppasana Malik Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr.; 175 of 20130- Umesh Chandra Dixit &Anr. Vs.     -१२- ParsvnathDevelopers ;byLtd. &Anr.; 97 of 2011- Pravin Kumar Goel &Anr. Vs. Parsvnath Developers Ltd. &Anr. which complaints were partly allowed.

          The  Hon'ble  NCDRC  held that:

 
"Brief facts of the cases are that opposite parties/respondents are engaged in the activity of housing construction and accordingly they have launched a project named as Parsvnath Planet situated in Gomti Nagar, Lucknow. The project was demonstrated to be very lucrative and made attractive to the vendees, in order to procure/collect money from the needy persons demonstrating themselves to be excellence in the field of construction activity as compared to other builders and assured the buyers/complainants that it has been duly approved by the Lucknow Development Authority and necessary permission has also been obtained from them. The emphasis was made by the opposite parties that the possession of the Unit shall be given within a scheduled period of 36+6=42 months stipulated in agreements executed in between the parties for the project launched in the year 2006. The complainants/appellants attracted by the promise and assurance of the opposite parties, somehow managed and arranged the money from their personal sources as well as on loan at attractive rate of interest and the hard earned money was paid by them to the opposite parties in a hope that the possession of the units shall be provided to them in the year 2009 and they can leave peacefully in their own houses, since the complainants are living in rented houses. The complainants visited the construction site of the opposite parties after depositing the entire amount, where it was revealed that the construction activities were on halt and the persons available on the site told the complainants that the apartments are likely to be completed till 2015. Even the partial construction done by the opposite parties was defective and did not match the specifications provided in the agreement. The complainants were shocked on hearing it and observing the site. The complainants immediately contacted the Area Manager, who told the complainants that there is some delay in the construction of the apartment and the apartments shall be ready till June, 2010. The complainants have to repay the amount taken on loan alongwith interest without getting the possession of the allotted units causing irreparable loss and injury to them. The complainants have come to know that the opposite parties have invested the funds earmarked for this project into their other projects in other city due to which they have not been able to complete the project in time. Besides this, it has also come to the light that although the opposite parties had collected huge funds from the buyers but in spite of that the opposite parties have miserably failed to     -१३- pay the dues of Lucknow Development Authority which forced the Lucknow Development Authority to issue coercive measures against the opposite parties for the recovery of their dues. Alleging deficiency on the part of opposite parties/ respondents, complainants filed separate complaints before State Commission. Aggrieved  by  the  order  of  Hon'ble  State  Commission, these  appeals preferred  before Hon'ble National  Consumer  Disputes  Redressal    Commission .
Hon'ble  NCDRC discussed various  case  laws  and  after  hearing  the  parties held, "Learned Counsel for appellants submitted that as complainants have been deprived of possession for a long period beyond agreed period, it amounts to restrictive trade practice under Section 2 (nnn) of Consumer Protection Act and complainants are entitled to get compensation. Section 2 (nnn) runs as under:- means a trade practice which tends to bring about restrictive trade practice manipulation of price or its conditions of delivery or to affect flow of supplies in the market relating to goods or services in such a manner as to impose on the consumers unjustified costs or restrictions and shall include- Delay beyond the period agreed to by a trader in supply of such goods or in providing the services which has led or is likely to lead to rise in the price; Any trade practice which requires a consumer to buy, hire or avail of any goods, or, as the case may be, services as condition precedent to buying, hiring or availing of other goods or services; Perusal of aforesaid provision reveals that when opposite party delays in delivery of goods which leads to rise in the price of goods meaning thereby, more price is charged from complainant, it amounts to restrictive trade practice. In the case in hand, opposite party on account of delayed delivery of possession is not charging higher rate than the agreed rate for delivery of possession of flat, so, it does not fall within the purview of restrictive trade practice under Section 2(nnn) of Consumer Protection Act.  Admittedly, agreements were executed in 2006 and as per agreements, possession of flats was to be delivered within 42 months, meaning thereby, possession was to be given in the year 2009-2010 and possession has not been handed over so far though year 2016 has started. No doubt, complainants are entitled to get penalty amount for delayed delivery of possession as per clause 10 ( c) of the agreement but opposite party cannot be permitted to avail benefit of aforesaid clause for indefinite period. This penalty clause should be allowed for the benefit of parties for a limited period and in the cases in hand, I deem it appropriate to extend applicability of aforesaid clause for a period of one year beyond 42 months and after that, complainants are certainly entitled to compensation. Opposite party cannot be allowed to avail huge funds     -१४- of complainants by paying merely Rs. 5/- per sq. ft. for example, complainants who have purchased flat measuring 164.901 sq. mtr., they have made payment of about Rs. 31.00 to 32 lakhs and in the garb of clause 10 (c), opposite party is paying penalty @ approximately Rs. 9,000/- per month against enjoying funds more than Rs. 30.00 lakhs. As complainants have been deprived to shift to their flats for a long period which would not only have given them satisfaction of living in their own house but also have raised their social status and opposite party has enjoyed funds of complainants for a long period, I deem it appropriate to allow compensation @ Rs. 15,000/- p.m. to the complainants who have applied for flats upto 175 sq. mtr and Rs. 20,000/- per month to complainants who have applied for flats above 175 sq. after 54 months of execution of agreement till delivery of possession.
 
Against this judgment, parties went to Hon'ble  Supreme  Court. The judgment of Hon'ble  Supreme  Court is:-
 
In  Nalin Bhargava  vs  Parsvnath Developers Ltd. CA 6662/2018 @ SLP(C) 7596/2016 etc and other related civil appeals on 13 July, 2018 , Hon'ble Supreme Court held:-
          "Leave granted in all the special leave petitions.CA 6662/2018 @ SLP(C) 7596/2016 etc.                                             It is submitted by Mr. M.L. Lahoty, learned counsel appearing for the appellants in all the appeals that the possession has been handed over and the deficiencies have been removed and, therefore, he has no grievance. However, Mr. Lahoty would insist that there should be imposition  of  costs as compensation.
 
Mr. Sachin Datta, learned senior counsel appearing for the developer has raised   objections    with regard to imposition of costs.
 
Having heard learned counsel for the parties, we are of the considered opinion that the cause of justice would be best subserved if each of the appellants in the present appeals are given Rs.1,50,000/- (Rupees one lakh fifty thousand only) per flat, towards costs. When we say "cost", we mean costs alone and nothing else."

In the case of Kolkata West International City Pvt. Ltd. Vs. DevasisRudra[Civil Appeal No. 3182 of 2019 @ SLP (C) No(S). 1795 of 2017] judgement delivered on 25.03.2019 , the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held:-

    -१५-
"Interestingly, where the buyer is in default, the agreement stipulates that interest at the rate of 18 per cent from the date of default until the date of payment would be charged for a period of two months, failing which the allotment would be cancelled by deducting 5% of the entire value of the property. The agreement was evidently one sided. For a default on the part of the buyer, interest at the rate of 18% was liable to be charged. However, a default on the part of the developer in handing over possession would make him liable to pay interest only at the savings bank rate prescribed by the SBI. There is merit in the submission which has been urged by the buyer that the agreement was one sided.
In  the Case  ofWg. Cdr. Arifur Rahman Khan and Aleya Sultana and Ors.  Versus  DLF Southern Homes Pvt. Ltd (now Known as BEGUR OMR Homes Pvt. Ltd.) and Ors.   (Civil Appeal No. 6239 of 2019 With Civil Appeal No. 6303 of 2019); The  Hon'ble  Supreme  Court  has  held:-
"24. A failure of the developer to comply with the contractual obligation to provide the flat to a flat purchaser within a contractually stipulated period amounts to a deficiency. There is a fault, shortcoming or inadequacy in the nature and manner of performance which has been undertaken to be performed in pursuance of the contract in relation to the service. The expression "service" in Section 2 (1) (o) means a service of any description which is made available to potential users including the provision of facilities in connection with (among other things) housing construction. Under Section 14(1)(e), the jurisdiction of the consumer forum extends to directing the opposite party inter alia to remove the deficiency in the service in question. Intrinsic to the jurisdiction which has been conferred to direct the removal of a deficiency in service is the provision of compensation as a measure of restitution to a flat buyer for the delay which has been occasioned by the developer beyond the period within which possession was to be handed over to the purchaser. Flat purchasers suffer agony and harassment, as a result of the default of the developer. Flat purchasers make legitimate assessments in regard to the future course of their lives based on the flat which has been purchased being available for use and occupation. These legitimate expectations are belied when the developer as in the present case is guilty of a delay of years in the fulfillment of a contractual obligation. To uphold the contention of the developer that the flat buyer is constrained by the terms of the agreed rate irrespective of the nature or extent of delay would result in a miscarriage of justice.
Undoubtedly, as this court held in Dhanda, courts ordinarily would hold parties down to a contractual bargain. Equally the court cannot be oblivious to the one-sided nature of ABAs which are drafted by and to protect the interest of the   -१६- developer. Parliament consciously designed remedies in the CP Act 1986 to protect consumers. Where, as in the present case, there has been a gross delay in the handing over of possession beyond the contractually stipulated debt, we are clearly of the view that the jurisdiction of the consumer forum to award just and reasonable compensation as an incident of its power to direct the removal of a deficiency in service is not constrained by the terms of a rate which is prescribed in an unfair bargain."

      वर्तमान मामले में यह स्‍पष्‍ट हुआ है कि विपक्षी द्वारा सेवा में कमी की गई है ओर जो फ्लैट उसे पूर्ण रूप से विकसित कर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ तक देना था वह आज तक नहीं दे पाया है। विवादित फ्लैट का क्षेत्रफल १७२५ वर्गफुट है अर्थात् १६०.२६ वर्गमीटर है। इस मामले में विपक्षीगण का दायित्‍व था कि वे समय के अन्‍दर फ्लैट का निर्माण कर उसे परिवादीगण को सौंपते। परिवादीगण ने इस फ्लैट के लिए एच0डी0एफ0सी0 बैंक से ऋण लिया और वे अपने ऋण पर ब्‍याज अदा कर रहे थे। समय से फ्लैट न मिल पाने के कारण परिवादीगण की आशाओं पर तुषारापात हुआ। २०१२ से अब १० वर्ष बीतने को आए। इतने समय में भी फ्लैट न मिलना मानसिक यन्‍त्रणा का कारण बनता है। विपक्षी बिल्‍डर केवल आबंटियों से धनराशि इकट्ठा कर उस पर ब्‍याज अर्जित करते हैं तथा शर्तों को इस रूप में बनाते हैं कि उनका फायदा अधिकतम हो और आबंटियों का कम हो। किश्‍तों को जमा करने में चूक करने पर ये आबंटियों का आबंटन निरस्‍त कर देते हैं। परिवादीगण ने बार-बार इस फ्लैट के बारे में जानकारी की और पाया कि फ्लैट अपूर्ण है। इन सारी परिस्थितियों को देखते हुए विपक्षीगण ने सेवा में कमी की है और अनुचित व्‍यापार प्रणाली का प्रयोग किया है।

      समस्‍त तथ्‍यों एवं परिस्थितियों को ध्‍यान में रखते हुए हम निम्‍नलिखित निष्‍कर्ष पर पहुँचते हैं :-

१.    विपक्षीगण पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से उपरोक्‍त प्रश्‍नगत फ्लैट सं0-के-१४११ को पूर्ण रूप से फिनिश करते हुए इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर उसका कब्‍जा दखल परिवादीगण को प्रदान कर दें। इसके साथ ही साथ इस सम्‍बन्‍ध में कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट, सिविल एवियेशन विभाग, प्रदूषण नियन्‍त्रण विभाग, अग्निशमन विभाग एवं परिवहन विभाग के अनापत्ति प्रमाण पत्र की प्रति भी   -१७- प्रदान करें। इसके अतिरिक्‍त विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण द्वारा जमा धनराशि पर दिनांक   १५-०१-२०१६ से इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक उनके द्वारा जमा कुल धनराशि पर १० प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज भी दें और यदि इस आदेश का अनुपालन इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर नहीं हुआ तब विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण द्वारा जमा धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।
२.    परिवादीगण विपक्षीगण से मासिक हर्जाना भी पाने के अधिकारी हैं जैसा कि माननीय राष्‍ट्रीयआयोग ने प्रियंका मित्‍तल के मामले में ऊपर कहा है। सम्‍बन्धित फ्लैट का क्षेत्रफल १६०.२६ वर्गमीटर है, अत: विपक्षीगण पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से परिवादीगण को दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से १५,०००/- रू० प्रति माह मय १० प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज के इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक प्रदान करें और यदि इस आदेश का अनुपालन इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर नहीं हुआ तब विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण को इस धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।
३.    परिवादीगण नलिनी भार्गव के केस (सुप्रा) (उपरिलिखित) के आधार पर विपक्षीगण से एकमुश्‍त १,५०,०००/- रू० पाने के अधिकारी हैं।
४.    परिवादीगण ने अपने अनुतोष की धारा-ई में निवेदन किया है कि अन्‍य कोई आदेश जो माननीय आयोग इन परिस्थितियों में उपयुक्‍त समझे उसे भी परिवादीगण के पक्ष में पारित किया जाए। इस पर विचार करते हुए और यह देखते हुए कि परिवादीगण को अत्‍यन्‍त मानसिक कष्‍ट, प्रताड़ना उठानी पड़ी है। इसके अतिरिक्‍त उनको ऋण की धनराशि पर ब्‍याज अदा करना पड़ा है और वाद व्‍यय को भी देखते हुए हम इस निष्‍कर्ष पर पहुँचते हैं कि विपक्षीगण पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से परिवादीगण को एकमुश्‍त २०.०० लाख रू० इस मद में देने के लिए उत्‍तरदायी हैं।
५.    विपक्षीगण अब परिवादीगण से इस फ्लैट के सम्‍बन्‍ध में किसी भी धनराशि को पाने के अधिकारी नहीं होंगे चाहे वह किसी भी प्रकार की क्‍यों न हो। मात्र रख-रखाव शुल्‍क ही वे प्राप्‍त कर सकते हैं वह भी इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा देने के उपरान्‍त का हो।
        -१८-

तद्नुसार यह परिवाद स्‍वीकार किए जाने योग्‍य है।   

आदेश वर्तमान परिवाद विरूद्ध विपक्षीगण सव्‍यय निम्‍नवत् आज्ञप्‍त किया जाता है।

१.    विपक्षीगण को पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से आदेश दिया जाता है कि वे उपरोक्‍त प्रश्‍नगत फ्लैट सं0-के-१४११, सुपर एरिया १७२५ वर्गफुट, आवासीय योजना (कुमार गोल्‍फ विस्‍टा), गाजियाबाद, उ0प्र0 को समस्‍त सुविधाओं से परिपूर्ण कर और पूर्ण रूप से फिनिश करते हुए इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर उसका कब्‍जा दखल परिवादीगण को प्रदान कर दें। इसके साथ ही साथ इस सम्‍बन्‍ध में कम्‍प्‍लीशन सर्टिफिकेट और ऑकूपेन्‍सी सर्टिफिकेट, सिविल एवियेशन विभाग, प्रदूषण नियन्‍त्रण विभाग, अग्निशमन विभाग एवं परिवहन विभाग के अनापत्ति प्रमाण पत्र की प्रति भी प्रदान करें। इसके अतिरिक्‍त विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण द्वारा जमा धनराशि पर दिनांक   १५-०१-२०१६ से इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक उनके द्वारा जमा कुल धनराशि पर १० प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज भी दें और यदि इस आदेश का अनुपालन इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर नहीं हुआ तब विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण द्वारा जमा धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।

२.    विपक्षीगण को पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से आदेश दिया जाता है कि वे परिवादीगण को दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से १५,०००/- रू० प्रति माह हर्जाना/किराया मय १० प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज के इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक प्रदान करें और यदि इस आदेश का अनुपालन इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर नहीं हुआ तब विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण को इस धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।

३.    विपक्षीगण को पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से आदेश दिया जाता है कि वे परिवादीगण को एकमुश्‍त १,५०,०००/- रू० तथा इस पर १० प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से इस फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक प्रदान करें और यदि इस आदेश का अनुपालन इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर नहीं हुआ तब   -१९- विपक्षीगण परिवादीगण को इस धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।

४.    विपक्षीगण को पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से आदेश दिया जाता है कि वे परिवादीगण को इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर मानसिक यन्‍त्रणा, किराया, उत्‍पीड़न आदि के मद में २०.०० लाख रू० अदा करें और इस धनराशि को इस निर्णय के ६० दिन के अन्‍दर अदा नहीं किया जाता है त‍ब विपक्षीगण इस धनराशि पर दिनांक १५-०१-२०१६ से फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक तक १५ प्रतिशत वार्षिक साधारण ब्‍याज प्रदान करेंगे।

५.    विपक्षीगण को पृथक-पृथक एवं संयुक्‍त रूप से आदेश दिया जाता है कि इस फ्लैट की कीमत में किसी भी प्रकार की धनराशि का समायोजन नहीं किया जाएगा चाहे वह किसी भी प्रकार की क्‍यों न हो। मात्र फ्लैट का कब्‍जा दिए जाने के दिनांक के पश्‍चात से नियमानुसार रख-रखाव शुल्‍क जो देय होगा केवल वही परिवादीगण से प्राप्‍त किया जाएगा।

      उभय पक्ष को इस निर्णय की प्रमाणित प्रति नियमानुसार उपलब्‍ध करायी जाय।

      वैयक्तिक सहायक से अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वह इस निर्णय को आयोग की वेबसाइट पर नियमानुसार यथाशीघ्र अपलोड कर दें।

   
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                  (सुशील कुमार)                (राजेन्‍द्र सिंह) 

 

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              [HON'BLE MR. Rajendra Singh]  PRESIDING MEMBER 
        [HON'BLE MR. SUSHIL KUMAR]  JUDICIAL MEMBER