- In this Chapter except in section 22,-(a)[ "answer script" in relation to any examination means material or medium supplied or facilitated by the competent authority for the candidates to record their answers in the manner prescribed, and such material or medium either before or after recording of the answers by the candidates shall be property of the competent authority.] [Inserted by Act 18 of 2017, w.e.f. 06.04.2017.](aa)[] [Clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) by Act 18 of 2017, w.e.f. 06.04.2017.] "educational institutions" means any University, any college affiliated to or maintained by the University, any junior college, any school or institution imparting primary, secondary or technical education and includes the Karnataka State Secondary Education Examination Board, the Karnataka State Board of Technical Education, the Karnataka Pre-University Board and such other institution or classes of institution as may be notified by the State Government in the official Gazette;(b)[ "examination" means an examination for the time being specified in the Schedule II and such other examinations as may be notified by the State Government in the Official Gazette and includes practical examination, and includes question paper setting and printing, custody and transportation of question papers and answer scripts, invigilation, evaluation, tabulation, publication of results and all other matters connected therewith.] [Substituted by Act 18 of 2017, w.e.f. 06.04.2017.](c)"refusal to work" in relation to any person to whom any work in connection with any examination has been assigned means, his failure to attend at, or absence from, the place of work on a working day and during working hours, without obtaining permission of the authority competent to grant such permission or his refusal to do the work or any other conduct on his part, which results in or is likely to result in cessation or substantial retardation of the work and the words "to refuse to do the work", with all their grammatical variations and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly; and(d)[ "malpractice" in relation to any examination means any illegal or unauthorized act committed by a person individually or in collusion with any other person before, during or after examination hours by taking or giving or attempting to take or give any help from or to any person or from any material, written, recorded, typed, photographed or printed or transmitted from any person, in any form whatsoever in order to obtain undeserved marks or grades or to place one or more candidates at an unfair advantage or disadvantage. [Substituted by Act 18 of 2017, w.e.f. 06.04.2017.](e)"Question paper" in relation to any examination means a set of questions related with specified topics of prescribed syllabus and intended to be used at any examination, and which shall be property of the competent authority.]
