(d)[ "malpractice" in relation to any examination means any illegal or unauthorized act committed by a person individually or in collusion with any other person before, during or after examination hours by taking or giving or attempting to take or give any help from or to any person or from any material, written, recorded, typed, photographed or printed or transmitted from any person, in any form whatsoever in order to obtain undeserved marks or grades or to place one or more candidates at an unfair advantage or disadvantage. [Substituted by Act 18 of 2017, w.e.f. 06.04.2017.]
