Delhi High Court - Orders
Star India Private Limited vs Crichd.Pk & Ors on 30 September, 2024
$~59
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ CS(COMM) 840/2024 & I.A. 40659/2024, I.A. 40660/2024, I.A.
40661/2024, I.A. 40662/2024, I.A. 40663/2024
STAR INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED .....Plaintiff
Through: Mr. Sidharth Chopra, Mr. Yatinder
Garg, Mr. Sanidhya Maheshwari, Mr.
Priyansh Kohli, Advocates
(M:7987503554)
Email:priyansh@saikrishnaassociates.
com
versus
CRICHD.PK & ORS. .....Defendants
Through: None.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE MINI PUSHKARNA
ORDER
% 30.09.2024 I.A. 40660/2024 (seeking exemption from filing certified/ clearer/ proper/ translated copies of documents)
1. Exemption is granted, subject to all just exceptions.
2. Plaintiff shall file legible and clearer copies of exempted documents, compliant with practice rules, before the next date of hearing.
3. Accordingly, the application stands disposed of.
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 1 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 I.A. 40662/2024 (seeking leave to file additional documents)
4. This is an application under Order XI Rule 1(4) read with Section 151 CPC as amended by the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, seeking leave to file additional documents.
5. The plaintiff, if wishes to file additional documents at a later stage, shall do so strictly as per the provisions of Commercial Courts Act, 2015, and the Delhi High Court (Original Side) Rules, 2018.
6. The application is disposed of, with the aforesaid directions. I.A. 40661/2024 (seeking exemption from issuing notice to defendant nos. 12, 15, 20 and 21)
7. Upon payment of process fee, issue notice to Defendants No. 12 (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.), 15 (Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd.), 20 (Department of Telecommunications) and 21 (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology), by all permissible modes, returnable on 21 st January, 2025.
8. Reply, if any, be filed within four weeks from date of service. Rejoinder thereto, if any, be filed within two weeks thereafter. I.A. 40663/2024 (seeking exemption from filing pre-suit mediation)
9. The present is an application under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, read with Section 151 of CPC, seeking exemption from undergoing Pre-Institution Mediation.
10. Having regard to the facts of the present case and in the light of the judgment of Supreme Court in the case of Yamini Manohar Versus T.K.D. Keerthi, 2023 SCC OnLine SC 1382, and Division Bench of this Court in Chandra Kishore Chaurasia Versus RA Perfumery Works Private Ltd., 2022 SCC OnLine Del 3529, exemption from attempting Pre-Institution CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 2 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 Mediation, is granted.
11. Accordingly, the application stands disposed of. CS(COMM) 840/2024
12. Let the plaint be registered as a suit.
13. Upon filing of process fee, issue summons to the defendants by all permissible modes. Summons shall state that the written statement shall be filed by the defendants within 30 days from the date of receipt of summons. Along with the written statement, the defendants shall also file an affidavit of admission/denial of the documents of the plaintiff, without which the written statement shall not be taken on record.
14. Liberty is given to the plaintiff to file a replication within 15 days of the receipt of the written statement. Along with the replication, if any, filed by the plaintiffs, an affidavit of admission/denial of documents of the defendants, be filed by the plaintiff, without which the replication shall not be taken on record. If any of the parties wish to seek inspection of any documents, the same shall be sought and given within the timelines.
15. List before the Joint Registrar for marking of exhibits on 21 st November, 2024. It is made clear that any party unjustifiably denying documents would be liable to be burdened with costs.
16. List before Court on 21st January, 2025.
I.A. 40659/2024 (under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 read with Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908)
17. Issue notice to defendants, by all permissible modes, upon filing of process fee, returnable on the next date of hearing.
18. The counsel for plaintiff has presented the following facts and contentions:
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 3 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 18.1. The subject matter of the present suit pertains to the "ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024", which is a Twenty20 (T20) international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) ["Women‟s T20 World Cup"]. The Women‟s T20 World Cup is scheduled to run from 03rd October, 2024 till 20th October, 2024. The matches will be held in the United Arab Emirates, and include a total of 23 T20 matches. 18.2. Plaintiff owns the media rights in respect of various sporting events relating to, inter alia, football, badminton, hockey, as well as domestic and international cricket matches organized by the ICC and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). Plaintiff also owns and operates several general entertainment channels and regional channels, including, but not limited to Star Plus, Start Sports 1, Start Sports HD. Plaintiff also owns and operates the online video streaming platform/ website „www.hotstar.com‟ and the mobile application „Disney+ Hotstar‟ 18.3. Plaintiff entered into the Media Rights Agreement dated 27 th August, 2022 ["Agreement"] with the ICC for exclusive digital media rights and television rights for India in relation to various ICC events, including the Women‟s T20 World Cup, for a period of four years from 2024 to 2027. The existence of these rights in favour of the plaintiff, details whereof have been delineated at Paragraph no. 9 of the plaint, has been confirmed by the ICC vide letter dated 22nd May, 2024. A copy of the said letter has been placed on record by the plaintiff. Consequently, plaintiff enjoys broadcast reproduction rights which are contemplated and conferred in terms of Section 37 of the Copyright Act, 1957 ["Copyright Act"]. 18.4. Defendant nos. 1 to 5 are various rogue websites, which are stated to be primarily hosting illegal and pirated content, engaging in making third-CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 4 of 21
This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 party content and information available to the public. Defendant nos.6 to 10 are Domain Name Registrars (DNRs) of the domain names, where the said rogue websites are being hosted. Defendant nos. 11 to 19, are various Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and Telecom Service Providers (TSPs). Defendant Nos. 20 and 21 are, respectively, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
18.5. Based on past instances of illegal dissemination of major sporting events, the plaintiff strongly apprehends that once the Women‟s T20 World Cup commences, given their status as one of the most popular sporting events in the world, a large number of websites, including, but not limited to defendant nos. 1 to 5, are likely to indulge in unauthorised disseminations and communications of the cricket matches and parts thereof, on online platforms. Additionally, plaintiff believes that a large number of rogue websites, upon being blocked/ taken down, may also create further mirror websites to continue the illegal transmission/ communication/ broadcast of the Women‟s T20 World Cup.
18.6. In fact, on previous occasions, while an initial injunction has typically been granted in respect of the few websites identified in the plaint, a substantial number of rogue websites tend to be subsequently uncovered, which continue to unlawfully disseminate the sporting events. Accordingly, such rogue websites have been injuncted and taken down by virtue of the dynamic injunctions granted by this Court. To substantiate this averment, reliance is placed on the following illustrative chart:
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 5 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 Sr. Suit and Event No. of No. of No. of No. websites additional Rogue impleaded affidavits Websites in the filed identified Suit pursuant subsequently to Court discovered Order during the event 1. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 3 25 & Anr. Vs. Magicwin.games & Ors. [CS(COMM) 290 of 2024] Order dated:
30.05.2024 2. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 11 19 96 & Anr. Vs. Stream2watch.pk & Ors. [CS(COMM) 455 of 2024] Order dated:
28.05.2024
3. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 9 8 (54 list) 392 & Anr. Vs. Jiolive.tv & Ors. [CS (Comm) 688 of 2023] Order dated:
27.09.2023
4. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 16 14 165
& Anr. v.
Yl.mylivecricket.biz
& Ors [CS (Comm)
151 of 2021]
Order dated:
26.03.2021
Event: IPL 2021
5. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 7 6 122
& Anr. V.
filmyclub.wapkiz.com
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 6 of 21
This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.
The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26 & Ors. [CS(Comm.) 518 of 2021] Order dated 12.10.2021 Event: ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2021
6. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 8 11 120 & Anr. Vs. live.flixhub.net & Ors. [CS (Comm) 157 of 2022] Order dated: 11.03.2022 Event: IPL 2022
7. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 8 15 120 & Anr.
tl.mylivecricket.club.
[CS (Comm) 699 of 2022] Order dated:
11.10.2022 Event:
ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2022
8. Star India Pvt. Ltd. 11 12 127 & Anr. v.
mhdtv.world & Ors.
[CS (Comm) 567 of
2022]
Order Dated:
22.08.2022
Event: Asia Cup
2022
9. Star India Private 11 11 87
Limited & Anr. Vs.
Live4wap.click &
Ors. [CS(COMM) 11
of 2023]
Order dated:
11.01.2023
Event: BCCI Events
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 7 of 21
This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:26
10. Star India Private 22 10 158 Limited & Anr. Vs. Crichd SC & Ors.
[CS(COMM) 518 of
2023]
Order dated:
02.08.2023
Event: Asia Cup
2023
18.7. Thus, there is an urgent need to restrain such rogue websites on a real time basis, without requiring parties to first approach the Court by filing affidavits in respect of each such website which starts unauthorizedly disseminating/ telecasting matches. Such a lag would result in the rogue websites being successful in their illegal activities and the plaintiff‟s rights would be infringed before it is possible for any action to be taken. Accordingly, drawing from the approach taken by this Court in Universal City Studios LLC and Ors. v. Dotmovies.baby and Ors.1 , plaintiff seeks a „dynamic +‟ injunction to ensure protection of the plaintiff‟s rights over works mentioned in the plaint, as well as any other protected content generated during the pendency of the suit proceedings. In this regard, reliance is also placed on the „European Commission Recommendation dated 4th May, 2023 on Combating Online Piracy of Sports and Other Live Events‟, which also highlights the need for urgent action to block illegal dissemination of copyrighted content.
18.8. In such circumstances, in order to protect their exclusive broadcast rights, plaintiff seeks an injunction restraining illegal and unauthorised dissemination and broadcast of matches and/or parts thereof, the Women‟s 1 DHC Neutral Citation No. - 2023: DHC:5842 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 8 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 T20 World Cup. The plaintiff prays for a specifically designed injunction that not only targets the websites currently engaging in infringing activities, which have been identified as defendant nos. 1 to 5 in the instant suit, but also anticipates and includes any new websites that may emerge during the Women‟s T20 World Cup. The reason for seeking such an injunction is to ensure that rogue websites are promptly blocked and removed, thereby preventing them from transmitting or communicating unauthorized signals of the cricket matches.
19. Attention of this Court has been drawn to list of cases, wherein, similar issue was involved and orders have been passed in favour of the plaintiff. The said table is reproduced hereunder:
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 9 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 10 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 11 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 12 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 13 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 14 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27
20. Learned counsel for the plaintiff relies upon the order dated 28 th May, 2024 passed by a coordinate bench of this Court in CS(COMM) 455/2024, and in particular, to Paragraph 22 of the said order, wherein, various directions have been issued.
21. Similarly, learned counsel for the plaintiff also relies upon the order dated 27th September, 2023 passed in CS(COMM) 688/2023 and prays that similar directions be passed in favour of plaintiff in the present case also.
22. Having considered the submissions and prayers outlined in the application, the Court recognizes the widespread appeal and significance of the ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024, particularly, given the popularity of cricket in India. These events are broadcasted through the Plaintiff‟s OTT platform „Disney + Hotstar‟, which is accessible across a variety of digital devices including computers, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic gadgets. The plaintiff has secured the digital and television broadcasting rights for various ICC events, including, the Women‟s T20 World Cup, as specified in the Agreement, through substantial financial investment.
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 15 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 Unauthorized dissemination, telecasting, or broadcasting of these ICC events on various websites and digital platforms, pose a significant threat to the plaintiff‟s revenue streams. Such illicit activities undermine the value of the considerable investment made by the plaintiff in acquiring these rights. Additionally, the broadcast content, including footage, commentary, and other composite elements, is fully safeguarded under the Copyright Act. Thus, the unauthorized use of these elements not only affects the financial returns, but also infringes upon the copyright protections accorded to the broadcast content. It is, thus, imperative to recognize the legal rights associated with the creation and dissemination of this content, emphasizing the need for stringent measures to prevent unauthorized broadcasts and safeguard the plaintiff‟s interests.
23. The issue of rogue websites engaging in the piracy of copyrighted content presents a recurring threat, especially, with the imminent Women‟s T20 World Cup. These sites have demonstrated a propensity to illegally broadcast copyrighted works, underscoring the urgency to pre-emptively block their access to such content. Consequently, there‟s a critical need for judicial intervention to prohibit these rogue websites from disseminating or communicating any portions of the cricket matches/ Women‟s T20 World Cup, without proper authorization or licensing from the plaintiff.
24. The dynamic and ever-evolving nature of the digital landscape necessitates that court orders are not static, but evolve in tandem with the technological advancements and challenges posed by the virtual domain. The legal remedies must remain robust and effective in curtailing copyright infringement, particularly, in the fast-paced environment of the internet. Courts must, therefore, be proactive in updating, adapting, and modifying CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 16 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 their directions to address these challenges effectively. In the absence of such adaptive legal measures, the rights of intellectual property holders stand at risk of being undermined, rendering their intellectual property rights ineffectual. It is, thus, essential for the legal framework to remain vigilant and responsive to the challenges presented by digital piracy, ensuring that the protections afforded to copyright and intellectual property are not only theoretical, but also enforceable and practical in safeguarding the rights and interests of the rightful owners. In Universal City Studios (supra), this Court has elucidated on this issue, relevant portion whereof, is extracted as under:
"17. Any injunction granted by a Court of law ought to be effective in nature. The injunction ought to also not merely extend to content which is past content created prior to the filing of the suit but also to content which may be generated on a day-to-day basis by the Plaintiffs. In a usual case for copyright infringement, the Court firstly identifies the work, determines the Copyright of the Plaintiff in the said work, and thereafter grants an injunction. However, owing to the nature of the illegalities that rogue websites indulge in, there is a need to pass injunctions which are also dynamic qua the Plaintiffs as well, as it is seen that upon any film or series being released, they may be immediately uploaded on the rogue websites, causing severe and instant monetary loss. Copyright in future works comes into existence immediately upon the work being created, and Plaintiffs may not be able to approach the Court for each and every film or series that is produced in the future, to secure an injunction against piracy. XXX
19. As innovation in technology continues, remedies to be granted also ought to be calibrated by Courts. This is not to say that in every case, an injunction qua future works can be granted. Such grant of an injunction would depend on the fact situation that arises and is placed before the Court.
20. In the facts and circumstances as set out above, an ex parte ad interim injunction is granted restraining the Defendants, who are all rogue websites, from in any manner streaming, reproducing, distributing, making available to the public and/or communicating to the public any copyrighted content of the Plaintiffs including future works of the Plaintiffs, in which ownership of copyright is undisputed, CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 17 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 through their websites identified in the suit or any mirror/redirect websites or alphanumeric variations thereof including those websites which are associated with the Defendants' websites either based on the name, branding, identity or even source of content. To keep pace with the dynamic nature of the infringement that is undertaken by hydra-headed websites, this Court has deemed it appropriate to issue this „Dynamic+ injunction‟ to protect copyrighted works as soon as they are created, to ensure that no irreparable loss is caused to the authors and owners of copyrighted works, as there is an imminent possibility of works being uploaded on rogue websites or their newer versions immediately upon the films/shows/series etc. The Plaintiffs are permitted to implead any mirror/redirect/alphanumberic variations of the websites identified in the suit as Defendants Nos.1 to 16 including those websites which are associated with the Defendants Nos.1 to 16, either based on the name, branding, identity or even source of content, by filing an application for impleadment under Order I Rule 10 CPC in the event such websites merely provide new means of accessing the same primary infringing websites that have been injuncted. The Plaintiffs are at liberty to also file an appropriate application seeking protection qua their copyrighted works, including future works, if the need so arises. Upon filing such applications before the Registrar along with an affidavit with sufficient supporting evidence seeking extension of the injunction to such websites, to protect the content of the Plaintiffs, including future works, the injunction shall become operational against the said websites and qua such works. If there is any work in respect of which there is any dispute as to ownership of copyright, an application may be moved by the affected party before the Court, to seek clarification."
(Emphasis Supplied)
25. In view of the above, given the fact that the plaintiff‟s digital rights, as acquired from the ICC are not in question, the Court is of the view that the plaintiff has made out a prima facie case for grant of an interim injunction. If an injunction is not granted at this stage, irreparable harm would be caused to the plaintiff. Balance of convenience also lies in the favour of the plaintiff. The need for immediate relief is particularly pressing in this case, considering the T20 format of Women‟s T20 World Cup matches, which are characterized by their brief duration. The short duration of these matches means that any delay in blocking access to rogue websites, CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 18 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 could lead to significant financial losses for the plaintiff, and an irreparable breach of their broadcast reproduction rights. Therefore, swift action to prevent such infringements is crucial to preserving the plaintiff‟s investment in the broadcasting rights and maintaining their copyright protections.
26. Accordingly, till the next date of hearing, the following directions are issued:
26.1 Defendants nos. 1 to 5, and/or any person acting on their behalf, are restrained from communicating, hosting, streaming, screening, disseminating or making available for viewing/ downloading, without authorization, any part of the ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024 on any electronic or digital platform, in any manner whatsoever. 26.2 Defendant nos. 6 to 10, i.e., the Domain Name Registrars, are directed to lock and suspend the domain names of defendants no. 1 to 5 within 72 hours of being communicated a copy of this order by the plaintiff. Further, they shall file an affidavit in a sealed cover disclosing the complete details of defendant nos. 1 to 5, as available with them, including e-mail addresses, mobile numbers, contact details and KYC details, within a period of two weeks from date of communication of this order.
26.3 Defendant nos. 11 to 19, i.e. ISPs/ TSPs, are also directed to block the websites of defendants Nos. 1 to 5, immediately upon receiving copies of this order from the plaintiff. Defendants Nos. 20 and 21 are directed to issue necessary directions to all ISPs and TSPs for blocking/ removing access to these websites.
26.4 During the currency of the ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024, if any further websites are discovered, which are illegally streaming and communicating content over which the plaintiff has rights, the plaintiff is CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 19 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27 granted liberty to communicate the details of such websites to the defendant nos. 20 (DoT) and 21 (MeitY), for issuance of blocking orders, and simultaneously to the ISPs for blocking the said websites, so as to ensure that these websites can be blocked on a real time basis and there is no considerable delay. Upon receiving the said intimation from the plaintiff, the ISPs shall take steps to immediately block the rogue websites in question. Likewise, the DoT and MeitY shall also issue necessary blocking orders immediately upon the Plaintiff communicating the details of the websites, which are illegally streaming the ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024. 26.5 After communicating details of the rogue websites to the concerned authorities, plaintiff shall continue to file affidavits with the Court in order to ensure that the Court is fully informed of the websites in respect of which blocking orders are sought.
26.6 If any website, which is not primarily an infringing website, is blocked pursuant to the present order, they shall be permitted to approach the Court by giving an undertaking that it does not intend to engage in any unauthorised or illegal dissemination of the ICC Women‟s T20 World Cup 2024 or any other content over which the plaintiff has rights. In such a situation the Court would consider modifying the injunction as the facts and circumstances, so warrant.
27. In the unique facts of this case, plaintiff is permitted to ensure compliance of Order XXXIX Rule 3 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 through email, within a period of one week, from today.
28. Reply be filed within four weeks from the date of service. Rejoinder(s) thereto, if any, be filed within a period of two weeks, thereafter.
CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 20 of 21This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27
29. List on 21st January, 2025.
30. Order Dasti under Signature of Court Master.
MINI PUSHKARNA, J SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 au CS(COMM) 840/2024 Page 21 of 21 This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 02/10/2024 at 01:04:27