State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Fiit Jee Ltd. vs Harsh Vardhan Sikka on 27 April, 2022
Daily Order STATE CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION, U.T., CHANDIGARH Appeal No. : 310 of 2019 Date of Institution : 20.12.2019 Date of Decision : 27.04.2022 FIITJEE Ltd., 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi - 110016through it' A.R., Sh. Jaswinder Kumar ALSO AT 2nd Floor, SCO 321-322, Sector 35-B, Chandigarh. ......Appellants/Opposite Parties No.1 & 2. Versus Harsh Vardhan Sikka (Minor) through his natural guardian (Father) Sh. Rakesh Tikka, R/o H.No.5598, Sector 38-West, Chandigarh. .....Respondent/Complainant. Stepping Stones Senior Secondary School, Sector 37-D, Chandigarh - 160036. .....Respondent/Opposite Party No.3. Present:- Sh. Mukesh M. Goel, Advocate along with Sh. Vivek Lamba, Advocate for the appellants. Sh. Shrey Goel, Advocate for Respondent No.1/complainant. Sh. Nitin Kumar, Advocate for Respondent No.2. =========================================================== Appeal No. : 3 of 2021 Date of Institution : 23.12.2020 Date of Decision : 27.04.2022 FIITJEE Ltd., 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi - 110016 through it' A.R., Sh. Jaswinder Kumar. ALSO AT 2nd Floor, SCO 321-322, Sector 35-B, Chandigarh. ......Appellants/Opposite Parties. Versus Manoj Kumar S/o Dharam Pal R/o H.No.697, Phase-7, SAS Nagar, Mohali. .....Respondent/Complainant. Present:- Sh. Mukesh M. Goel, Advocate along with Sh. Vivek Lamba, Advocate for the appellants. Sh. Devinder Kumar, Advocate for the Respondent/complainant. BEFORE: JUSTICE RAJ SHEKHAR ATTRI, PRESIDENT MRS. PADMA PANDEY, MEMBER
MR. RAJESH K. ARYA, MEMBER PER RAJESH K. ARYA, MEMBER Vide this common order, we are deciding aforesaid two appeals, which have arisen out of the impugned orders dated 30.10.2019& 30.09.2019 passed by the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum-II, U.T., Chandigarh (now known as District Commission), whereby consumer complaints bearing No.681 of 2018 & 39 of 2019 have been allowed, whereby the appellants have been directed to refund the fee along with compensation and litigation cost.As common questions of facts and law have been emerged in above captioned appeals arising out of the orders passed by District Commission and the facts thereof are analogous to each other to a great extent-therefore, this Commission would like to take them together and decide with a common order. However, to decide the issues involved, the facts are being culled from the impugned order dated 30.10.2019 passed in CC/681/2018 titled 'Harsh Vardhan Sikka (minor) Vs. FIIT JEE Ltd. & Ors.' as under:-
"The case of the complainant, in brief is that, in response to the advertisements floated by OPs No.1 & 2, the complainant appeared in the test conducted by the Opposite Parties and got admitted in their Pinnacle Two Year Integrated programme. The parents of the complainant deposited admission fee of Rs.1,10,900/- vide cheque dated 23.3.2018, examination and tuition fee in installment of Rs.1000/-, Rs.6400/-, Rs.49,125/- and Rs.29,638/- deposited through cheques (Ann.C-1). The complainant also deposited with Opposite Parties post-dated cheques No.147438 and 147539 for an amount of Rs.28,400/- and Rs.29,638/- respectively. It is averred that the parents of the complainant were made to sign on various self serving declarations of Opposite Party No.1.
The complainant was allotted enrollment number as well as identity card and he also attended the classes in the institute commencing from 11.4.2018, conducted at Opposite Party No.3 wherein the father of the complainant had further deposited Rs.20,000/- as the School Admission Fee as directed by Opposite Party No.2 (Ann.C-5). The said school received the fee for 3 months for the classes to be held in the school premises itself. It is stated that the complainant regularly attended the classes but was dissatisfied with the methodology of teaching by the institution as it was not as has been explained at the time of admission. It is also stated that the teachers and executive staff of Opposite Party No.1 had initially given assurances that in case any child needed extra assistance with his studies, that will be provided at School or at the Institute, as per needs and demands of the child. It is further stated that the father of the complainant had time and again approached the teachers and other authorities of Opposite Party No.1 to assist the complainant with his problems and grievances, but the efforts went in vain. It is submitted that even though the complainant is a bright child, was not able to perform well in his tests and regular coaching, rather he was taunted and harassed by the teachers and was alleged to be incompetent and not suited for this course. It is also submitted that the complainant and his father had reported the matter to Opposite Party No.1 a number of times by visiting the centre and meeting the teachers and other executive authorities in person and on calls, but despite all their pleadings, the Opposite Party No.1 have not made good the deficiency in their services. It is further submitted that the OP Institute has infact considerably brought down the morale of the complainant, apart from the harassment he had to face while he ran pillar to post for assistance. Accordingly, the complainant withdrew himself from the said course w.e.f. 6.8.2018 (Ann.C-6) and this was intimated to Opposite Party NO.1 vide email dated 7.8.2018. The father of the complainant requested the Opposite Party No.2 vide email dated 12.9.2018 for refund of the amount, but no refund was made. It is stated that the complainant has attended the classes only upto 6.8.2018 and the non-refund of the fees for the period unattended amounts to deficiency in service and unfair trade practice on the part of OPs. Hence, this complaint.
2] The OPs have filed reply and while admitting the factual matrix of the case, stated that the complainant has chosen the Pinnacle-two year integrated school programe for IIT-JEE. It is stated that the complainant had chosen the fee payment plan I for the said course, the total fees of the said course programe after scholarship of 81% on tuition fee came to Rs.2,03,961/- including GST Rs.31112/-, total cost of books and GMP fee was charged separately Rs.55,300/-. It is also stated that as per the declaration and consent accorded thereto by the complainant, he is not entitled for any refund. It is submitted that the complainant and his parents were made aware of all the terms & conditions at the time of taking admission and after going through all the conditions, they accepted and signed the same along with declaration. It is also denied that the complainant is entitled for any refund. It is stated that the complainant had never raised any request or complaint that he is not satisfied with methodology of teaching by the Opposite Party and now in order to seek refund of the fee, which is not payable, the complainant concocted the false story. It is stated that the complainant himself withdrew from the course of Opposite Party w.e.f. 3.8.2018 and joined other private coaching classes on his own will. Pleading no deficiency in service and denying other allegations, the Opposite Party has prayed for dismissal of the complaint."
2. The order passed by District Commission has been impugned on the ground that the District Commission ignored the judgments cited by the appellants before it and passed the impugned order contrary to law. It has been stated that there is no bar upon the appellants Institute to charge fees for the entire course and further, the Hon'ble Apex Court in the cases of Islamic Academy of Education Vs. State of Karnataka, (2003) 6 SCC 697 and FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Sajjan Kumar Gupta, RP No.4476 of 2013 has observed that the Institute can ask the student to furnish a bond/bank guarantee so that Institute may receive entire fees, if the student leaves the course midway as was done in the instant case by respondent No.1/complainant and his seat remained vacant for the entire course period. Further, citing FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. S. Balavignesh, RP No.2684/2014 decided on 09.01.2015, it has been stated that the Hon'ble National Commission upheld the validity of the no-refund clause on the ground that if the coaching is left midway and if the refund is permitted, Institute suffers as the seat vacated by the students remain vacant throughout the course. It has further been stated that the District Commission failed to appreciate that there is no deficiency qua the appellants and the son of the respondent/complainant got admission at some other place and thus, he stopped attending the classes, which were being regularly held. In support of this contention, the appellants further cited the judgment of Brilliant Classes Vs. Shri Ashbel Sam, RP No.270/2006 decided on 29.01.2010, wherein the Hon'ble National Commission did not find the ground of holding classes not regularly but on intervals by the complainant not very convincing and observed that in any case, the complainant was a willing party to the agreement that the course fee will not be refunded, even if he withdrew in the mid-stream and thus, no cause of action will arise for the petitioner/opposite party to refund the amount. The appellant further cited Apeelay Institute of Management and Information Technology Vs. Prashant Ashok, I (2009) CPJ 10 (NC) to say, when the terms and conditions provide for forfeiture of fees, then student is not entitled for refund. Further reference has been made to T.V. Sundaram Iyengar & Sons Ltd. Vs. Muthuswamy Duraiswamy, II (2003) CPJ 176 (NC) to contend that the Consumer Fora has no jurisdiction to strike down a condition in the contract howsoever unreasonable it may appear to be so, so long it is not unlawful. It has further been stated that the appellant is a private coaching institute, which is self-financed and self-managed and is not affiliated to UGC or any University and does not receive any grant and as such, guidelines, circulars, directions, advisories etc. of UGC/Universities are not applied to the appellant institute. In this context, the appellant cited Globsyn Business School Vs. Mayuri Ghosh, III (2013) CPJ 118 (NC). Lastly, it has been prayed that the impugned order be set aside being not sustainable in the eyes of law.
3. On the other hand, on behalf of respondent No.1/complainant, it has been stated that the appellant-Institute cannot illegally and unfairly withhold the amount deposited by respondent No.1 and thus, the impugned order is well reasoned and sustainable in the eyes of law. It has further been stated that respondent No.1/complainant in order to join the appellant - Institute deposited fee of Rs.2,07,625/- as asked for and also deposited a fee of Rs.20,000/- as school admission fee, as directed by the Managing Director of the appellant - Institute. It was further stated that even though respondent No.2 - Stepping Stones Senior Secondary School received the above fee of Rs.20,000/- for three months for the classes to be held in school premises, it was the faculty of the appellant - Institute that was taking the classes for mathematics, physics and chemistry. It has further been contended that the act of the appellant - institute is in direct contravention to the U.T. Administration ban vide which any private coaching institution is prohibited to offer private coaching during the running school hours. It has further been stated that respondent No.1/complainant was allured to sign the terms and conditions including declaration put forth by the appellant but when requested by the mother of respondent No.1/complainant, the appellant did not supply the copy of the same. It has further been stated that the assurance given by the appellant was that there would not be more than 30 students in each section in order to give personal attention to every student but to the contrary, the strength in a section was more than 45 students. It has further been stated that the respondent No.1/complainant left the appellant - Institute mid-session because of lack of proper and up-to the mark teaching methodology. It has further been stated that the teaching method was also nowhere similar to what was assured and explained by the executive staff of the appellant. It has further been stated that the executive staff during declaration and representations also assured that in case any child is in need of extra assistance with the studies, the same would be provided either at the school or at the appellant - Institute as and when needed and demanded by the student. It has further been stated that the father of respondent No.1/complainant approached the appellant numerous times for assistance with regard to addressing the problems, grievances being faced by respondent No.1/complainant but all in vain. It has further been stated that the appellant - Institute did not pay any heed to the repeated requests of the father of respondent No.1/complainant. It has further been stated that respondent No.1/complainant had aimed to sit for the JEE (Mains) Exam in 2020 and had to further enroll himself into tuition classes to supplement his coaching. It has further been stated that the appellant - Institute had instead brought down the morale of respondent No.1/complainant, who had to run from pillar to post for the assistance and guidance for his JEE preparation. It has further been stated that the outrageous and aloof behavior on the part of the appellant- Institute compelled respondent No.1/complainant to withdraw from the institute and the course w.e.f. 06.08.2018 and email dated 07.08.2018 with respect to the withdrawal from the course and school program and initiation of the process of the refund of fee was sent to the appellant followed by another email dated 12.08.2018 but the appellant did not bother to revert back to the said emails. It has further been stated that as per settled proposition of law and as per UGC guidelines, no coaching institute is allowed to take lump sum payment for the whole period of 2 years/2 sessions and further the appellant - Institute is bound to refund the fee for the period, respondent No.1/complainant did not attend the classes. It has further been stated that charging fee in advance for the period for which the services are not being availed amounts to unfair trade practice. Lastly, prayer for dismissal of appeal with costs has been made by respondent No.1/complainant.
4. After giving our thoughtful consideration to the contentions and going through the record and the written arguments of the parties, we are of the considered view that these appeals are liable to be dismissed for the reasons to be recorded hereinafter.
5. It may be stated here that no child can be confined to two years coaching classes against his/her wish, which does not guarantee or assure success in getting admission in IIT-JEE etc. The fee is always paid as per the fee structure, which in the instant case, was paid by respondent No.1/complainant for Pinnacle-two year integrated school program for IIT-JEE. Therefore, the contention raised on behalf of the appellant - institute that there is no bar upon the appellant Institute to charge fees for the entire course cannot be accepted being contrary to settled law on the subject. It is also apt to mention here that similar issues qua non-refund of fee by the appellant - Institute on leaving the Course by a student midway; giving of consent and declaration, seat remained vacant due to leaving the course in between etc., as involved in the instant appeals, have already been dealt with and decided by this Commission in number of cases, the latest being the case of FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Ms. Shinjini Tewari, Appeal No. 109 of 2019 decided by this Commission on 11.07.2019, wherein, this Commission while also taking into consideration the settled law on the subject observed and held in Para 9 to 12, interalia, as under:-
"9. It may be stated here that issues qua non-refund of fee by the appellant/opposite parties - Institute on leaving the Course in between by a student; giving of consent and declaration, seat remained vacant due to leaving the course in between etc. have already been dealt with by this Commission in number of cases. Recently, this Commission in the case of FIIT JEE Ltd. Vs. Lalit Garg & Anr., Appeal No.59 of 2019, decided on 11.04.2019 has dealt, in detail, with all the issues raised in this case qua non refund of fee, undertaking given by the student/his or her parents etc. etc. Paras 9 to 11 of the said judgment reads thus:-
"9. Question to be determined before us, is, as to whether refund of fee as ordered by the Forum vide the impugned order was justified or not. Admittedly, complainant No.2 took admission in the Pinnacle-Two Year Integrated School Program for JEE (Advanced) 2020 for preparation of entrance examination of IIT Engineering. On being informed that apart from Sector 34, Chandigarh, the opposite parties also impart coaching at two schools, complainant No.2 took admission in Shri Guru Gobind Singh Collegiate Public School, Sector 26, Chandigarh where she was to be imparted coaching of Physics, Chemistry and Maths during school hours between 08:00 a.m. to 01:30 p.m. commencing from 11.04.2018. She attended the classes from 11.04.2018 to 27.04.2018 i.e. for 17 days only. The classes of Guru Gobind Singh Collegiate Public School were to start from July, 2018 and as such, the complainant did not attend the school of Opposite party No.5 at all. It is also admitted fact that complainant No.2 left the course of opposite parties No.1 and 2 in the month of April 2018 and as such, she did not attend any classes of opposite party No.5 in the month of July, 2018.
10. The grievance of the complainants was that complainant No.2 was not comfortable from the very beginning with the teaching imparted by the faculty who were favoring only 3-4 students. Not only above, further allegation made was that the opposite parties discouraged the complainant and demoted her in such a manner that she started feeling lonely and demoralized. Further the queries raised were not cleared by the faculty of the opposite parties and it got difficulty for complainant No.2 to move to next chapter without understanding the previous chapters, which resulted into leaving the course just attending only for 17 days.
11. It may be stated here that similar controversy, whether forfeiture of the entire fee paid by the respondents/complainants for the entire period of course opted and not refunding a single penny, on leaving the said course in between or say 17 days, amounted to unfair trade practice or not, recently came before this Commission in the case of FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Vikram Seth (Minor) through his Natural Guardian' bearing Appeal No.223 of 2018 decided on 05.04.2019, wherein this Commission held in Paras 10 to 18 as under:-
"10. The only law point involved in these appeals, to be determined, by this Commission, is, as to whether forfeiture of the entire fee paid by the complainants for the entire period course opted and not refunding a single penny, on leaving the said course by the complainants after attending the classes for 8 days, 2 months or mid-session, amounted to unfair trade practice or not.
11. To support above argument, Counsel for the appellant cited few judgments. He mainly placed reliance on the judgment of Hon'ble National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, New Delhi, comprising Hon'ble Justice K. S. Chaudhari, Presiding Member, Hon'ble Mr. Justice V. K. Jain, Member and Hon'ble Dr. B. C. Gupta, Member, in case titled ' FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Harish Soni', Revision Petition No.2054 of 2013 decided on 08.10.2015.
12. The issue, in question, before the Hon'ble National Commission, was whether it is justified to allow refund of fees for the remaining part of the course or not.
13. In FITJEE Ltd. Vs. Harish Soni's case (supra), relied upon by the Counsel for the appellant, the complainant's daughter took admission by paying an advance fee of Rs.1,23,464/- on 15.04.2006 for getting admission in 'FIIT JEE Pinnacle' two years' integrated programme. After studying for one year, being not satisfied by the education imparted, she withdrew from the course and sought refund of the remaining fees alongwith interest and compensation. The Hon'ble National Commission held in Paras 6 & 7 of its judgment as under:-
"6. The complainant has placed on record the affidavit of its Managing Director Shri Dinesh Kumar Goel, stating therein that no student was enrolled against the seat vacated by the daughter of the respondent during the tenure of the entire course, at any point of time. He has further stated that to ensure quality education and uniform teaching standard and keeping in mind the interest of students, the petitioner company does not fulfill the vacancy created by a student who leaves the course in midway.
7. For the reasons stated hereinabove, I am of the opinion that the complainant is not entitled to refund of the fee for the remaining period of one year."
14. It may be stated here that that the Hon'ble National Commission in Sehgal School of Competition Vs. Dalbir Singh, 2009 (3) CPC 187, while dismissing the Revision Petition filed by Sehgal School of Competition, held in Paras 5 to 7, inter-alia, as under:-
"5. We have heard the learned Counsel for the petitioner. He submitted that the student had withdrawn voluntarily and, therefore, there was no deficiency of service. The petitioner's school has shown excellent results. Hence it is wrong to observe that their coaching was not upto the mark. He also submitted that one of the conditions imposed by their school which accepting lump sum fees for two years is that 'refundability/ transferability of seat/fee is not possible under any circumstances'.
6. The above condition is one sided and biased totally in favour of the petitioner and against the principle of equity and natural justice and it is not a fair trade practice. The learned Counsel quoted the judgment of this Commission in Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh v. Miss Gunita Virk, I (1996) CPJ 37 (NC), wherein it is held that Fora constituted under the Consumer Protection Act have no jurisdiction to declare any rule in the prospectus of any institution as unconscionable or illegal.
7. This judgment is 13 years old. Subsequent to this judgment this Commission in catena of judgments has held that it is unjust to collect the fee for the total period of the course. In Nipun Nagar v. Symbiosis Institute of International Business, I (2009) CPJ 3 (NC) = 2009 (1) CPC 272 (NC), Revision Petition No.1336 of 2008, decided by this Commission on 7th November, 2008, after quoting the public notice issued by the University Grants Commission, it was held that the Institute was unfair and unjust in retaining the tuition fee of Rs.1 lakh even after the student withdrew from their institute. Further if a student leaves before attending a single day of the college or school, he is entitled for total refund except for a small registration fee, say Rs.1,000/-. Even the University Grants Commission had issued a public notice directing all the institutions to refund the money of the students for the period, they have not attended the college/institution.........."
15. Not only above, in Brilliant Tutorials Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Ashwani Verma, 2010 (4) CPJ 396, the Hon'ble National Commission while placing reliance on the judgment of Hon'ble Apex Court in Islamic Academy of Education and Another Vs. State of Karnataka and others, (2003) 6 SCC 697, held that charging fees in advance beyond the current semester/year would certainly amount to unfair trade practice and the same cannot be countenanced. In Islamic Academy of Education and Another's case (supra), the Hon'ble Apex Court had expressed unhappiness with educational institutes charging the entire fees upfront and had said that students should only be asked to pay fees for a semester/year to begin with. The argument of FIIT-JEE that the ruling of Islamic Academy was not applicable to it since it is not an educational institute but only a coaching institute was not negated by the Hon'ble National Commission and order of the State Commission was upheld, directing FIIT-JEE to refund the fees. We may add here that Hon'ble Supreme Court of India condemned the practice of the educational institutes of collecting fee in advance for the entire course i.e. for all the years and also debarred them to claim any interest on the fee deposited. Further the Hon'ble National Commission in FIIT JEE Ltd. Vs. Dr.Minathi Rath, 2012(1) CPJ 194 while considering the revision petition on identical facts, as involved in the present complaint, has categorically held that FIIT JEE Ltd. could not charge full advance fee for Two years and held the complainant entitled for receipt of refund of fee taken in advance from him by FIIT JEE.
16. In our opinion, the plea of the appellant by way of affidavit that the vacancy created by the complainant(s) was never filled up and remained vacant, cannot be read against the respondent(s)/complainant(s). The appellant cannot be allowed to be on an advantageous position, keeping in mind the interest of poor consumer. It (appellant - Institute) cannot gulp whole of the fee paid, being the hard earned money. When a student or his/her parents signs the admission form, they have no bargaining power to negotiate, or refuse to sign any particular clause in the admission form. Hence, such clauses should not be held against the student. The appellant is continuing with an unfair trade practice of collecting huge amount to get itself enriched, which is totally against public interest at large, specially the parents, who send their children by putting a big cut on their stomach and giving each and every penny of their earnings to the coaching institute like the appellant, for imparting coaching, which does not guarantee or assure success in getting admission in IIT/NIT. Sometimes, after paying such hefty coaching fee, it becomes difficult for them to meet out their daily needs. Every parent, whether rich or poor or from any mediocre family, would desire that their children should get better education for which, sometimes, they have to obtain loan for paying fees etc. from Banks or Private Financiers. The appellant - Institute is not only a structure made up of bricks and cement where the students go and get coaching after paying hefty fees. The Institutes imparting coaching are also supposed to bear in mind that a child/student, who is coming to them, is also a future of our country, who at some stage is to contribute towards nation building or serve the country by entering into some field of his/her choice at some stage. Every student may not be so lucky to crack the entrances, after getting coaching etc. but it is a fact which cannot be denied that every student puts his/her best effort to clear these entrance exams. The coaching institutions should not act like money collection machines, without keeping in mind the feelings and future prospects of the student. The student may not be comfortable with the teaching methods/skills and attitude of some of the teachers at the coaching centre. In case, the student leaves in between or midsession or after attending for few days or months, in our opinion, he/she should not be denied refund of the fee for the remaining period, which he/she did not attend. If the student is given refund, he/she can pay the said amount to some other educational institute, where he/she wants to pursue coaching or education. The student is not supposed to pay another hefty amount to other coaching institute after leaving the appellant - institute. Parents may not be in a position to afford another heavy fee of another coaching institute and the student will be deprived of precious opportunity and formative years of career building. In case, the fee is refunded, the student can further move on with that amount to explore much better avenues of education, as per his/her desire. We may also add here that Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which is Consumer Oriental Legislation, is meant to protect the interest of consumers who show their courage to come forward and put forth their grievance against the unfair trade practices adopted by such like educational institutions. Future of an aspiring student, who will certainly contribute towards the development of our nation at some stage of his/her life, is of paramount importance and cannot be put at stake like this. Educational Institutions like the appellant must bear in mind the feelings and sentiments of an aspiring student who took admission with such like institutions with an aim and hope to achieve some better prospects and positions in their future. In our opinion, educational institutes should be prudent, desist from charging upfront fees for the entire course, and if they do, should not refuse a refund. A student or a trainee may leave midstream if he finds the service deficient, substandard and non-yielding, and to tell him that fees once paid are not refundable was an unfair trade practice, as no service provider can take or charge the consideration of the service which it has either not given or has not been availed. The existing practice in many institutions of collecting advance payment and not refunding this should be done away with. Such blatant act of the appellant(s) is a clear example of unfair trade practice, which has to be stopped by exercising a moral responsibility especially when seen in the light of the above facts and circumstances of this case.
17. Therefore, in our opinion, interest of such like consumers is to be taken care of and protected while interpreting the law settled on the subject.
18. We are of the considered opinion that the appellant miserably failed to make out any case and no benefit of the aforesaid judgment of Hon'ble National Commission rendered in the case of FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Harish Soni' (supra) can be extended to the appellant. We opine that the respondents/complainants are definitely entitled to refund of fees as ordered by the Fora below vide the impugned orders."
It may also not be out of place to mention here that after thoroughly discussing the import of two judgments i.e. Bihar School Education Board Vs. Suresh Prasad Sinha, IV (2009) CPJ 34 (SC) and Maharishi Dayanand University Vs. Surjeet Kaur (supra), this Commission in First Appeal No.219 of 2018 titled ' Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training & Anr. Vs. Aashima Jarial', which was dismissed vide order dated 23.08.2018, in Para 10 to 12, inter-alia, held as under:-
"10. It was specifically said that the Board was not carrying any commercial, professional or service oriented activity and as such, consumer complaint was not maintainable, in such like cases before the Consumer Fora. However, it was also observed in later part of the judgment that ratio of a judgment is not mechanically to be applied to other case, without analysing the context in which observations were made by the Court in a given judgment. Same was the situation in the case of Maharshi Dayanand University (supra). In that case also, there was a dispute between the Authorities and student qua grant of B.Ed. degree to her. By taking note of observations made by the Supreme Court in the case of Bihar School Examination Board (Supra) it was said that Statutory Authority when performing statutory functions cannot be termed as service provider/industry.
11. In the present case, as has been noted in earlier part of this order, the appellant have no statutory regulations/backing. It is a private Institute, not discharging any social obligation. In such like cases, we are of the considered opinion that no benefit of ratio of the judgments cited above, can be extended in favour of the appellant.
12. The case of the respondent is also supported by the ratio of judgment passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in Buddhist Mission Dental College & Hospital, Versus Bhupesh Khurana & Others, Civil Appeal No.1135 of 2001, decided on February 13, 2009, wherein, the findings given by the National Commission, to the effect that imparting of education by an educational institution for consideration falls within the ambit of `service' as defined in the Consumer Protection Act, were upheld. Relevant part of the said judgment reads thus:-
"The Commission also held that this Court in Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (supra) held as under: [para 118 at page 583]:-
"...In the case of the University or an educational institution, the nature of the activity is, ex hypothesi, education which is a service to the community. Ergo, the University is an industry..."
The Commission further held as under:
"Imparting of education by an educational institution for consideration falls within the ambit of `service' as defined in the Consumer Protection Act. Fees are paid for services to be rendered by way of imparting education by the educational institutions. If there is no rendering of service, question of payment of fee would not arise. The complainants had hired the services of the respondent for consideration so they are consumers as defined in the Consumer Protection Act."
33. The Commission rightly came to the conclusion that this was a case of total misrepresentation on behalf of the institute which tantamounts to unfair trade practice. The respondents were admitted to the BDS Course for receiving education for consideration by the appellant college which was neither affiliated nor recognized for imparting education. This clearly falls within the purview of deficiency as defined in the Consumer Protection Act, which defines the `deficiency' as under:
"`Deficiency' means any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in the quality, nature and manner of performance which is required to be maintained by or under any law for the time being in force or has been undertaken to be performed by a person in pursuance of a contract or otherwise in relation to any service."
34. Therefore, the Commission rightly held that there was deficiency in service on the part of the institute and the claimants respondents are entitled to claim the relief as prayed in the plaint. The appeal filed by the appellant is devoid of any merit and deserves to be dismissed."
13. Not only as above, in the case of Krishan Mohan Goyal Vs. St.Mary's Academy and Anr., Revision Petition No.3144 of 2016, the National Commission has also held that in some aspects of education activities, the Consumer Fora is competent to take action against the erring Educational Institutes such like the opposite parties, adopting unfair trade practices and also not rendering proper service. Same is the ratio of the judgment decided by the National Commission, in Jaipreet Singh Kaushal Vs. FIIT JEE Limited and another, Revision Petition No.918 of 2015 decided on 14.11.2017, wherein, it was held that the Institute is not justified in charging fee, for the entire course in one go............"
Very recently the Hon'ble National Commission in Revision Petition No.3052 of 2018 titled ' Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess & Anr. Vs. Aashima Jarial', decided on 04.04.2019, while upholding the above order passed by this Commission in the Appeal No.219 of 2018 held in Paras 14 to 17 as under:-
"14. From the above, it can be concluded that the educational institutions, which are imparting education of any kind within the admissible legal frame work of the country can be covered under the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Maharshi Dayanand University Vs. Surjeet Kaur (supra). In other words, educational institutions covered under UGC, AICTE, State Universities, Central Boards and State Boards etc. can claim immunity from the provisions of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 for educational services. Moreover, the State Commission has relied upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Budhist Mission Dental College & Hospital Vs. Bhupes Khurana & Others, wherein the following has been observed:-
"32. The Commission also held that this Court in Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (supra) held as under: [para 118 at page 583]:-
"...In the case of the University or an educational institution, the nature of the activity is, ex hypothesi, education which is a service to the community. Ergo, the University is an industry..."
The Commission further held as under:
"Imparting of education by an educational institution for consideration falls within the ambit of `service' as defined in the Consumer Protection Act. Fees are paid for services to be rendered by way of imparting education by the educational institutions. If there is no rendering of service, question of payment of fee would not arise. The complainants had hired the services of the respondent for consideration so they are consumers as defined in the Consumer Protection Act."
15. From the above discussion, it is clear that the petitioner institution cannot be given advantage of the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Maharshi Dayanand University Vs. Surjeet Kaur (supra).
16. Based on the forgoing discussions, it is concluded that the complainant is a consumer and the petitioner institution is a service provider in the present case.
17. It is seen from the order of the District Forum that the District Forum has ordered refund of Rs.14,000/- as fee along with Rs.5,000/- as compensation for unfair trade practice on the part of the opposite parties and Rs.5,000/- as cost of litigation. The order of the District Forum is based on equity and therefore, the complainant would be only entitled to the refund of fees paid as directed by the District Forum and the cost of litigation. In the circumstances of the case, I do not see any justification for awarding any further compensation. Consequently, the order of the District Forum in respect of the compensation of Rs.5,000/- to be paid to the complainant by the opposite parties is set aside. However, the remaining order of the District Forum regarding refund of Rs.14,000/- and payment of Rs.5,000/- as litigation cost is maintained. This order be complied within 30 days from the date of receipt/service of this order. No notice to the respondent has been issued in the matter keeping in view the amount involved in the present case and to save the respondent's further expenses on litigation. However, if the respondent complainant feels aggrieved by this order the respondent can approach this Commission."
The Hon'ble National Commission upheld the order qua refund of fee to the student as ordered by the Forum and upheld in appeal by us by giving detailed judgment. However, order qua award of compensation was set aside by the Hon'ble National Commission. Be that as it may, our order qua refund of fee charged by the Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training and award of litigation expenses has been upheld and has become final.
10. Not only above, further in Para 17, this Commission held as under:-
"17. We may also mention that coaching classes are just befooling & cheating students with tall claims by flashing through advertisements in newspapers and brochures etc. that their classes are achieving 70% to 90% or 100% results. The ugly face is that they make assurances for students that their career is secured but unfortunately, these are just gimmicks to attract young minds and swindle money in the name of education. They are playing with the lives of many innocent students. It will not be out of place to mention here that in this competitive world, everyone intends to perform well in life and there are no easy short cuts. What quality education means? Every child or a student has his/her own ability to understand the things and when it comes to studies, we can say with confidence that five fingers cannot be equal or at par. Coaching industry is booming in India, a multi billion industry now. It's a rat race and everyone wants to outshine others. Coaching Centres for professional courses, which have mushroomed across the Country, are notorious for harassing students over fees and issuing misleading advertisements about their achievements which create false hope and even lead to suicides amongst students. Sometimes, innocent parents get allured by results of coaching institute published in any type of advertisement and trust it with blind eyes despite the fact that it might be a trick to lure students and their parents to get admission into the institute. After paying hefty fee of coaching institutes by shelling money from hard earned savings and at times by raising loans etc., poor parents, who are always concerned about the carrier of their children, would not think of going to Courts and knock the doors of justice to get their money back because every penny of hard earned money means to them."
11. Further in Paras 20 to 23, it was further held, inter-alia, as under:-
"20. As regards the argument raised by the Counsel for the appellant/opposite parties that the complainants are not entitled to any refund in term of provisions of Clauses 8 and 10 of the enrolment form, which was duly signed by them at the time of taking admission with opposite parties No.1 & 2, we would like to extract aforesaid clauses as under:-
"8. I undertake that if I leave the Institute midway before completing the full course for any reason whatsoever, including but not limited to transfer of my father/mother/legal guardian/ill health of myself or any other member of the family or my admission in any institute/course/engineering college etc. I or my father/mother/legal guardian shall not be entitled for refund of fees.
10. In addition to the above, I understand without any ambiguity that the fee once paid is not refundable at all, whatever the reasons be, nor is it adjustable towards any other existing courses at FIITJEE or any yet to be launched nor towards the fee of any other existing or prospective student."
21. It is a fact that when parents approach some coaching institute to get their ward admitted for coaching, they are supposed to sign the enrolment form and other terms and conditions, which are printed in very small letters. No doubt, the aforesaid clauses are totally one sided and against the interest of the complainants and also did not take care of the second party i.e. the complainants, yet there was no way out but to sign on dotted lines. Since complainant No.2 is minor, therefore, the said enrolment contract is void abinitio qua her.
22. It may be stated here that the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India has recently in the case of Pioneer Urban Land & Infrastructure Ltd. Vs. Govindan Raghavan, Civil Appeal No.12238 of 2018 decided on 02.04.2019 held that incorporation of one-sided clauses in a builder-buyer agreement constitutes an unfair trade practice as per Section 2(r) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The Bench was considering an appeal against the order of Hon'ble National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, New Delhi wherein it was held that the clause relied upon by the builder to resist the refund claims made by the co0mplainant buyer, were wholly one sided, unfair and unreasonable and could not be relied upon. The Hon'ble Apex court held in Paras 6.7 and 7 of the judgment as under:-
"6.7 A term of a contract will not be final and binding, if it is shown that the flat purchasers had no option but to sign on the dotted line, on a contract framed by the builder. The contractual terms of the Agreement dated 08.05.2012 are ex-facie one sided, unfair and unreasonable. The incorporation of such one-sided clauses in an agreement constitutes an unfair trade practice as per Section 2(r) of the Consumer Protection Act, 186 since it adopts unfair methods or practices for the purpose of selling the flats by the Builder.
7. In view of the above discussion, we have no hesitation in holding that the terms of the Apartment Buyer's Agreement dated 08.05.2012 were wholly one-sided and unfair to the Respondent - flat Purchaser. The Appellant - Builder could not seek to bind the Respondent with such one-sided contractual terms."
23. Therefore, in view of law settled by Hon'ble Supreme Court of India, the aforesaid enrolment contract or the above clauses have no binding force on the complainants......"
12. Thus, in view of our findings given in the case of FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Vikram Seth (Minor) through his Natural Guardian (supra), and in the preceding paras, no case is made out to set aside the impugned order passed by the Forum."
6. Therefore, in view of above, the contentions raised, in the instant appeals, on behalf of the appellant - institute with regard to the non-refund of fee by the appellant - Institute on leaving the Course by a student midway; giving of consent and declaration, seat remained vacant due to leaving the course in between etc. also stands rejected. Therefore, judgments in the cases of FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Harish Soni', Revision Petition No.2054 of 2013 decided on 08.10.2015, FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. S. Balavignesh, RP No.2684/2014 decided on 09.01.2015, Brilliant Classes Vs. Shri Ashbel Sam, RP No.270/2006 decided on 29.01.2010, Apeelay Institute of Management and Information Technology Vs. Prashant Ashok, I (2009) CPJ 10 (NC)and T.V. Sundaram Iyengar & Sons Ltd. Vs. Muthuswamy Duraiswamy, II (2003) CPJ 176 (NC) are not of much help to the appellant - Institute, in view of law laid down by Hon'ble Apex court in the case of Islamic Academy of Education and Another (supra), holding that charging fees in advance beyond the current semester/year would certainly amount to unfair trade practice and the same cannot be countenanced.
7. So far as the contention raised on behalf of the appellant - institute that respondent No.1/complainant is not a consumer and it (appellant) is not a service provider, it may be stated here that this objection of the appellant has rightly been rejected by the District Commission vide its order in Para 8 by referring to the pronouncement of Hon'ble National Commission vide order dated 04.04.2019 in Revision Petition No.3052 of 2018 - Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training & Anr. Vs. Aashima Jarial,wherein, it has been held by Hon'ble National Commission that the complainant is a consumer and the opposite parties are the service provider. Relevant Paras 14 to 16 of the said judgment reads thus:-
"14. From the above, it can be concluded that the educational institutions, which are imparting education of any kind within the admissible legal frame work of the country can be covered under the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Maharshi Dayanand University Vs. Surjeet Kaur (supra). In other words, educational institutions covered under UGC, AICTE, State Universities, Central Boards and State Boards etc. can claim immunity from the provisions of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 for educational services. Moreover, the State Commission has relied upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Budhist Mission Dental College & Hospital Vs. Bhupes Khurana & Others, wherein the following has been observed:-
"32. The Commission also held that this Court in Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (supra) held as under: [para 118 at page 583]:-
"...In the case of the University or an educational institution, the nature of the activity is, ex hypothesi, education which is a service to the community. Ergo, the University is an industry..."
The Commission further held as under:
"Imparting of education by an educational institution for consideration falls within the ambit of 'service' as defined in the Consumer Protection Act. Fees are paid for services to be rendered by way of imparting education by the educational institutions. If there is no rendering of service, question of payment of fee would not arise. The complainants had hired the services of the respondent for consideration so they are consumers as defined in the Consumer Protection Act."
15. From the above discussion, it is clear that the petitioner institution cannot be given advantage of the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Maharshi Dayanand University Vs. Surjeet Kaur (supra).
16. Based on the forgoing discussions, it is concluded that the complainant is a consumer and the petitioner institution is a service provider in the present case."
Not only above, the Hon'ble National Commission in a recent judgment in the case of L.B.S. Group of Education Vs. Arjun Singh & Ors., Revision Petition No.544 of 2020 decided on 31.08.2020 has held in Paras 44 & 45 as under:-
"45. We are of the considered view that conduction of Coaching Classes does not fall within the ambit of definition of 'Education' as defined by the Hon'ble Seven Judge Bench of the Supreme Court in P.A. Inamdar (Supra). Coaching Centres cannot be equated to regular schools or colleges which are regulated by a Regulatory Authority and also confer a Degree/Diploma on the student who has passed in the examinations conducted as per the Rules and norms specified in the statute and also by the concerned Universities. Therefore, strictly speaking Coaching Centres cannot fall within the definition of 'Educational Institutions'. We refrain from making any comments on the submissions of the learned Counsel for the Complainants with respect of Coaching Institutions indulging only in 'rote learning'.
46. For all the afore-noted reasons, we are of the opinion that any defect or deficiency or unfair trade practice pertaining to a service provider like 'Coaching Centres' does fall within the jurisdiction of the Consumer Fora."
Thus, in view of above settled law, the objection raised by the appellants stands rejected.
8. Now coming to the contention raised on behalf of the appellant - institute that the appellant being a private coaching institute, which is self-financed and self-managed and is not affiliated to UGC or any University and not receiving any grant, is not governed by the guidelines, circulars, directions, advisories etc. of UGC/Universities and placing reliance on Globsyn Business School Vs. Mayuri Ghosh, III (2013) CPJ 118 (NC) in support of the contention, it may be stated here that in Globsyn Business School (supra), on account of financial crises, complainant was compelled to withdraw his candidature and sought refund of fees, in the light of University Grants Commission (UGC) Circular dated 23.4.2007. In the said case, it was argued that as petitioner was not getting any aid from the UGC, this Circular was not applicable in the present case. The Hon'ble National Commission observed that the Learned Counsel for the respondent could not show any document by which, it can be inferred that petitioner was getting aid from UGC and in absence of any aid, Circular issued by UGC was not applicable and petitioner had not committed any deficiency in refusing refund of Rs.35,000/- received as admission fees. It may again be stated here and as held by this Commission in FIITJEE Ltd. Vs. Ms. Shinjini Tewari (supra), no doubt, Hon'ble Supreme Court in Maharshi Dayanand University (supra) and Budhist Mission Dental College & Hospital (Supra), has held that educational institutions covered under UGC, AICTE, State Universities, Central Boards and State Boards etc. can claim immunity from the provisions of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 for educational services but here the appellant - Institute, admittedly, being a private coaching institute not governed by any University or UGC guidelines, cannot be given advantage of the judgments of Hon'ble Apex Court. Also the judgment of Hon'ble National Commission in Globsyn Business School (supra) is distinguishable on facts as Globsyn Business School is a Corporate B-School offering full-time Post Graduate Diploma/Program in Management approved by AICTE and is not a coaching centre, whereas, the appellant, in the instant case, is a coaching centre.
9. Not only above, on behalf of respondent No.1/complainant, it has vehemently been contended that respondent No.1/complainant in order to join the appellant institute, also deposited a fee of Rs.20,000/- as school admission fee, as directed by the Managing Director of the appellant - Institute and though respondent No.2 - Stepping Stones Senior Secondary School received the above fee of Rs.20,000/- for three months for the classes to be held in school premises, it was the faculty of the appellant - Institute that was taking the classes for mathematics, physics and chemistry. It has further been contended that the act of the appellant - institute is in direct contravention to the U.T. Administration ban vide which any private coaching institution is prohibited to offer private coaching during the running school hours. In this regard, it may be stated here that the coaching centres, like the appellant - Institute, have been involved in the business of giving tuitions to school children and their tuition timings clash with the school time of children, which acts as a deterrent to children for attending their school. These are regulated to maintain educational standards of schools. The CBSE or state boards with which dummy schools are affiliated must take stern action against such institutions, which allow dummy admissions. The education boards must instruct all schools to make necessary arrangements for imparting proper education of higher standard so as to prepare all students with dummy admissions for competitive exams. Dummy schools are flourishing as the authorities concerned are in deep slumber. There is a need for a regulatory authority to keep a check on coaching centres, which exploit students. The Education Department must take steps to curb this menace. Action must be taken against schools, which allow students to attend tuitions during school hours with dummy attendance. The administration should frame strict rules for private coaching centers, which bar them from functioning during school timings. Most of the students cannot study properly due to same timings in schools and coaching centres. The CBSE does not approve of such admissions, but parents and students are being misguided. In the trend of high scoring and highly competitive entrance exams, aspiring students get allured with lofty publicity of coaching centres. They join these centres after paying hefty fee package for preparations of entrance exams. These commercial institutions run classes in batches for the whole day. Therefore, students absent themselves from schools to attend coaching classes. Simultaneously, somehow they manage to get their minimum required attendance in schools. In many cases the unethical school authorities keep students on the proxy roll by charging fee. This not only deprives students from learning basic fundamentals of the academic syllabus, but also encourages corruption in institutions of learning. The States/UTs have to act tough to curb this practice by ensuring that no coaching centres run classes during school hours. Therefore, such an act on the part of the appellant - Institute is certainly an act of unfair trade practice.
10. Not only above, the coaching institutes should make their curriculum so that the student develops his personality apart from mere intellectual/knowledge but now they are turning into depression centres. Rather, these coaching centres should think and act in the larger interest of public and specially students, who approach these coaching centres and pay hefty fees with the hope of getting better coaching for higher entrances examinations and all assistance in case, he/she failed to cope up with the said system of imparting coaching. Instead of showing concern and empathy to their students, coaching centres are exhibiting their focus on hefty fees, which they are charging in advance for the full course, whether it is of two or four years so as to bind them for the entire course. They should ponder regarding the hard earned money of the parents, whether rich, mediocre or poor, who are made to pay such hefty fees with the hope that his/her children would get better coaching in such centres, which would help them to crack down entrance examinations for higher education. No doubt, the coaching centres have enriched themselves but they should also show their concern to the fees paid by the parents, which is their hard earned money. Some parents have to raise loan and some pay from their hard earned savings or salaries to meet the demand of heavy fees for their children to the coaching centres. Therefore, the coaching centres have no right to forfeit the fees in case, the student failed to cope up with the said coaching system or feels that the coaching imparted is not up to the mark and he is not getting any personal attention or assistance when needed. Therefore, this Commission seriously feels that it is in the interest of general public that the coaching centres refund the fees for the period, the student did not attend the classes.
11. In our concerted view, the District Commission by giving detailed and exhaustive well reasoned order, rightly allowed the complaint of respondent No.1/complainant by holding in Para 18 as under:-
"18] The Opposite Party is not an accredited academic institution affiliated with any Board or University and is merely a Coaching Centre for providing Coaching to the students who aspire for admission to engineering/ technical institutions. The Opposite Party undoubtly is in dominating position and as such maneuvered to get the signature of parents of students on pre-settled printed enrollment undertaking. The parents under duress sign such undertaking with an anxiety to get his pupil admitted for best coaching to enable him/her for better performance in the competitions for admission to high ranked engineering/technical institutions/ universities. This is nothing but an emotional exploitation and cannot be acquiesced. If any child, after joining the coaching institute, failed to cope up with the coaching schedule for the reasons whatsoever, he cannot be penalized by way of forfeiture of his money, which has been deposited by his parents with such coaching centre. The Coaching Centres are entitled legally to charge fee only for the services, which they actually provide to the student and not more than that."
12. Therefore, in our considered view, the District Commission rightly allowed the complaints vide the orders impugned, which do not suffer from any infirmity or material irregularity and are based upon true appreciation of facts and settled law on the subject.
13. For the reasons recorded above, both the appeal bearing Nos.310 of 2019 and 3 of 2021 filed by the appellant - Institute are dismissed with no order as to cots. Miscellaneous application(s), if any pending adjudication, in these appeals also stand disposed of accordingly.
14. Certified copies of this order be sent to the parties, free of charge and one copy thereof be placed in the connected file.
15. The files be consigned to Record Room, after completion.
Pronounced 27.04.2022.
[RAJ SHEKHAR ATTRI] PRESIDENT (PADMA PANDEY) MEMBER (RAJESH K. ARYA) MEMBER