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State of Jharkhand - Section

Section 43 in Jharkhand Building Byelaws 2016

43. Exit Requirements.

- 43.1 GeneralEvery building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants, in case of fire or other emergency.43.1.1In every building exit shall comply with the minimum requirement of exit.43.1.2All exits shall be free from obstructions.43.1.3No building shall be altered so as to reduce the number, width of protection of exits to less than that required.43.1.4Exits shall be clearly visible and the routes to reach the exits shall be clearly marked and signposted to guide the population of floor concerned.43.1.5Adequate and reliable illumination shall be provided for exits.43.1.6Firefighting equipment shall be suitably located and clearly marked.43.1.7Alarm devices shall be installed to ensure prompt evacuation of the population concerned.43.1.8All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of building or to an exterior open space leading to street.43.1.9Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit.
43.2Arrangement of exits:- Exits shall be so located so that the travel distance on the floor shall not exceed 20 meters for residential, educational, institutional, and hazardous occupancies and 30 meters for assembly, business mercantile, industrial and storage occupancies.
43.3Capacities of Exits
43.3.1The unit of exit width used to measure capacity of any exit shall be 50cm. A clear width of 25cm. shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear width less than 25cm. shall not be counted for exit width.
43.3.2The occupancies per unit exit which shall- be as given in Table-20.
Table 20: Number of occupants as per type of occupancy
Sl. Type of Occupancy Number of occupants per unit exit
Stair Case Door
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 Residential 25 75
2 Educational 25 75
3 Institutional 25 75
4 Assembly 60 90
5 Business 50 75
6 Mercantile 50 75
7 Industrial 50 75
8 Storage 50 75
9 Hazardous 25 10
Explanation. - (A) Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as an exit.
(B)Travel distance means the distance from any point in the floor area to any exit measured along the path or egress except that when the floor areas are sub-divided into rooms, used singly or of rooms and served by suite corridors and passage, the travel distance may be measured from the corridor entrance of such rooms or suites to the nearest staircase or verandah having access to the street.
(C)For the dormitory portions of homes for the aged, orphanages, mental hospitals, etc. these multipliers will be doubled.
(D)The plinth or covered area shall include, in addition to the main assembly rooms or space, any occupied connecting room or space in the same storey or in the storey above or below where entrance is common to such rooms and space and they are available for use by the occupants of the assembly place.
(E)No deductions shall be made in the gross area of the corridors, closets or other sub-divisions; all space serving the particular assembly occupancy shall be reckoned.
43.4Other requirements of Exits:-
43.4.1Every exit doorway shall open into a enclosed stairway, a horizontal exit, on a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress.
43.4.2No exit doorway shall be less than 1.00 in. in width. Doorways shall be not less than 2.00 m. in height.
43.4.3Exit doorways shall open outwards, that is away from the room but shall not obstruct the travel along any exit. No door, when opened shall reduce the required width of stairway or landing to less than 90cm. Over head or sliding doors shall not be installed.
43.4.4Exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight or stairs; a landing equal to at least the width of the door shall be provided in the stairway at each doorway; level of landing shall be the same as that of the floor which it serves.
43.4.5Exit doorways shall be operable from the side which they serve without the use of key.
43.5Other Exists:- 43.5.1 Revolving Doors
43.5.1.1Revolving doors shall not be used as required exits except in residential, business and mercantile occupancies, but shall not constitute more than half the total required door width.
43.5.1.2When revolving door is considered as required exit way the following assumptions shall be made.
Each revolving door shall be constituted on half unit exit width. Revolving door shall not be located at the foot of a stairway. Any stairway served by a revolving door shall discharge through a lobby or foyer.
43.5.2Stairways:- 43.5.2.1 Interior stairs shall be constructe4 of noncombustible materials throughout.
43.5.2.2Interior staircase shall be constructed as a self-contained unit with at least one side adjacent to an external wall and shall be completely.
43.5.2.3A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft unless the latter is entirely enclosed by a material of fire-resistance rating.
43.5.2.4Hollow combustible construction shall not be permitted.
43.5.2.5The width of the stair cases, and horizontal exists should be calculated as per clause 4.2 of part 4 (Fire and life Safety) of National Building Code.
43.5.2.6The minimum width of treads without nosing shall be 25 cm. for an internal staircase for residential building. In the case of other buildings the minimum tread shall be 30 cm. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.
43.5.2.7The maximum height of riser shall be 17.5 cm in the case of residential buildings and 15 cm. in the case of other buildings. They shall be limited to 14 per flight.
43.5.2.8Parapet or hand rails shall be provided with a minimum height of 90 cm. from the centre of the trend
43.5.3Fire Escape or external stairs
43.5.3.1Fire escapes shall not be taken into account in calculating the evacuation time of a building.
43.5.3.2All fire escapes shall be directly connected to the ground.
43.5.3.3Entrance to fire escape shall be separate and remote from the internal staircase.
43.5.3.4The route .of fire escape shall be free from obstructions at all times except a doorway leading to the fire escape which shall have the required fire resistance.
43.5.3.5Fire escape shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
43.5.3.6Fire escape stairs shall have straight flight not less than 90 cm. wide with 25cm. treads and riser not more than 20 cm. The number of riser shall be limited to 16 per flight.
43.5.3.7Handrails shall be of a height not less than 100cm.
43.5.4Spiral Stair (Fire escape)- The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load and to a building of height 10m. unless they are connected to platforms, such as balconies and terraces to allow escapes to pause. A spiral fire escape shall be not less that 150cm. in diameter and shall be designed to give adequate headroom, up to a maximum height of 15m.
43.5.5Ramps:- 43.5.5.1 Minimum gradient for the ramps going down to the basement only for parking purposes of maximum of 2.4m. depth should be 1:7 and for depth more than 2.4m. it should be 1:10
43.5.5.2For all slopes the ramp shall be surfaced with approved non slipping materials.
43.5.5.3Parking may be provided along the run of Ramp if the slope is not steeper than 1:20 and the Ramp will be treated as driveway.
43.5.5.4Ramps may be permitted in the rear setback for the for the buildings whose width area in rear side is more or equal to 30m. after leaving requisite setback and the length of the ramp should not exceed more than 50% of such width and also an open an open space of 1.5m. should be left for drainage etc. between the ramp & boundary wall provided the side setback is not less than 4.5m.
43.5.5.5Ramps may also be permitted in the front setback after leaving 4.5m. from the front boundary. (excluding road widening strip if applicable)
43.5.5.6Ramps may also be permitted in the side back after leaving 4.5m. from the boundary.
43.5.5.7Ramps for Hospital: In the case of Hospitals, the slope of ramp shall not be greater than 1:20.