Supreme Court of India
Jugal Kishore vs State Of Maharashtra & Ors on 26 September, 1988
Equivalent citations: 1989 AIR 159, 1988 SCR SUPL. (3) 270, AIR 1989 SUPREME COURT 159, 1988 23 REPORTS 186, 1988 (1) LANDLR 30, (1988) 4 JT 109 (SC), (1989) 1 LANDLR 30, (1989) MAH LJ 1008, (1988) 4 BOM CR 274, 1989 SCC (SUPP) 1 589, 1988 4 JT 109, 1988 BOM LR 90 591
Author: Sabyasachi Mukharji
Bench: Sabyasachi Mukharji
PETITIONER:
JUGAL KISHORE
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT26/09/1988
BENCH:
MUKHARJI, SABYASACHI (J)
BENCH:
MUKHARJI, SABYASACHI (J)
RANGNATHAN, S.
CITATION:
1989 AIR 159 1988 SCR Supl. (3) 270
1989 SCC Supl. (1) 589 JT 1988 (4) 109
1988 SCALE (2)1076
ACT:
Maharashtra Agricultural Land (Ceiling on Holdings) Act,
1961: Determination of question of tenancy-Whether within
the jurisdiction of Ceiling Authority-Land transferred by
owner or various tenants under Bombay Tenancy Act, 1958-
Authority under Ceiling Act 1961 determining land holdings-
Whether legal, valid and proper.
HEADNOTE:
In the ceiling proceedings under the Maharashtra
Agricultural Land (Ceiling on Holdings) Act, 1961 the
petitioner alleged that there was no surplus land in the
holding of his family Unit as certain lands had been leased
out to various tenants and the same had been transferred to
them under the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands
(Vidarbha Region) Act, 1958 and, therefore, the tenanted
lands should be excluded from his total holdings as the
orders of the Tenancy Authorities had become final and were
binding on the Ceiling Authorities. Rejecting the claim of
the petitioner the sub-Divisional officer held that the
orders passed by the Tenancy Courts conferring tenancy
rights and issuing certificates in favour of the tenants
were not justified and declared 58.28 acres of land as
surplus. This finding was maintained by the Revenue
Tribunal. The challenge made by the petitioner before the
Single Judge as well as the Division Bench of the High
Court also failed.
In the special leave petition under Article 136 of the
Constitution to this Court, on behalf of the petitioner it
was contended that in view of sub-s. (2) of s. 100 of the
Bombay Act, the Tenancy Tahsildar had exclusive jurisdiction
to decide the issue of tenancy, and s. 124 of the Bombay Act
bars the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to deal with any
question covered by s. 100 and, therefore, determination of
the question of tenancy by the Ceiling Authorities was
without jurisdiction.
Dismissing the Special Leave Petition, this Court,
HELD: l. Land had been transferred to the various
tenants under the Bombay Tenancy & Agriculture (Vidarbha
Region) Act, 1958 in the name of the respective tenants by
the order of the Tenancy Tahsildar. [272F]
PG NO 270
PG NO 271
2.The Ceiling Authority had to determine the land
holdings of the petitioner. [274C]
3.Where a transfer is made by the land-holder creating a
tenancy, whether the transfer was made bona fide or made in
anticipation to defeat the provisions of the Ceiling Act, is
a question which falls for determination squarely by the
Ceiling Authorities, to give effect to or implement the
Ceiling Act. [274C-D]
4. Unless the Acts, the Ceiling Act and the Tenancy Act,
with the intention of implementing various socio-economic
plans, are read in a complementary manner, the operation of
the different Acts in the same field would create
contradiction and would become impossible. It is, therefore,
necessary to take a constructive attitude in interpreting
provisions of these types and determine the main aim of the
particular Act in question for adjudication before the
Court. [274E-F]
5. In the Ceiling Proceedings it has been held that the
transfer to the tenant was not bona fide and was done in
anticipation of the Ceiling Act. This Court finds no ground
to interfere with the Order of the High Court. [275A]
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3292 of 1988.
From the Judgment and Order dated 7.9.1987 of the Bombay High Court in L.P.A. No. 124 of 1985.
V.A. Bobde, Juggal Kishore and A.K. Sanghi for the Petitioner.
A.M. Khanwilkar and A.S. Bhasme for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SABYASACHI MUKHARJI,. J. This application under Article 136 of the Constitution is directed against the judgment and order of the Division Bench of the High Court of Bombay, Nagpur Bench, dated 7th September. 1987. Before the Division Bench, the land-holder- the petitioner herein, had challenged the dismissal of the writ petition at the stage of admission by the learned Single Judge confirming the order of the learned sub-Divisional Officer, Amravati, dated 28th February, 1984 and also the order of the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, Nagpur, dated 26th December, 1984, declaring very large areas of land to be in excess of the PG NO 272 ceiling area permissible to be held by the petitioner. The case of the petitioner is that his family unit, as defined under section 4 of the Maharashtra Agricultural Land (Ceiling on Holdings) Act, 1961, hereinafter called 'the Act', consisted of himself, his wife, two sons and a minor daughter. His further case was that during the period between 26.9.1970 and 2.10.1975, he did not hold any land of his own. His wife Vidyavati was holding during the said period certain land (particulars whereof are not necessary). His son, who was minor, was also holding during the said period, certain other plots of land. His another son, a minor, was also holding some more land.
Hence it appears that the petitioner's case was that his family Unit was holding land to the extent of 50 Acres 73 Gunthas, and there was no surplus land in the holding of his family Unit. The petitioner's further contention was that his son had leased out to the respondent certain area of land. Similarly, there were properties leased out to the tenant. It appears that the total land holdings, as per the sub-Divisional Officer, Amravati, was 54 acres and out of remaining 112.28 acres the petitioner was allowed to retain 54 acres. and the other 58.28 acres of land was declared as the surplus land. This finding was maintained in appeal by the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, Nagpur, and was challenged before the High Court. The learned Single Judge dismissed the application.
It was contended that the said land had been transferred to the various tenants under the Bombay Tenancy & Agricultural Lands (Vidarbha Region) Act, l958 (hereinafter called 'the Bombay Act').in the name of the respective tenants by the order of the Tenancy Tahsildar. The Bombay Act was an Act to amend the law relating to tenancies of agricultural land and sites used for allied pursuits and it was reiterated in the Preamble that it was with a view to bringing the status and the rights of the tenants, as far as possible, in line with those prevailing in certain other parts of the State, and it was expedient in the interest of the general public to regulate the transfer of rights in agricultural land. According to the petitioner. the order of the tenancy authorities conferring upon tenants the right of statutory purchaser and the Bombay Act had become final and these were binding on the Ceiling Authorities who had to decide the ceiling proceedings. It was,therefore, submitted that having regard to the effect of these findings, the Ceiling Authorities, the sub-Divisional Officer as well as the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal should have excluded the tenanted lands in possession of the respective tenants from PG NO 273 the total holdings of the petitioner. Similar contentions were raised before the sub-Divisional Officer and Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, Nagpur.
The petitioner. the tenants Nandkishore Bajaj and Talathi were examined as witnesses. The learned sub- Divisional Officer held that the order passed by the Tenancy Courts conferring tenancy rights and issuing certificates in favour of the tenants was not justified and clearly illegal. Thus, on appreciation of evidence, the claim of tenancy was negatived by the sub-Divisional Officer and the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal. The High Court held that both the Courts were the Courts of facts and gave their findings. The findings made by these Courts were within their jurisdiction to find, and to implement the Ceiling Act. According to the Division Bench of the High Court, the learned Single Judge was right.
It was submitted before us as well as before the High Court that in view of sub-section (2) of Section 100 of the Bombay Act, the Tenancy Tahsildar had exclusive jurisdiction to decide the issue of tenancy. Section 100 of the Bombay Act, so far material for the present purposes, provides as follows:
"100. for the purpose of this Act. the following shall be the duties and functions to be performed by the Tahsildar:
(1) to decide whether a person is an agriculturist; (2) to decide whether a person is or was at any time in the past. a tenant a protected lessee or an occupancy tenant;
Section 124 of the Bombay Act bars the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to deal with any question covered by section
100. The Section runs as follows:
"124. (l) No (Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to settle,decide or deal with any question (including a question whether a person is or was at any time in the past, a tenant and whether the ownership of any land is transferred to. and vests in, a tenant under section 46 or section 49-A or section 49-B) which is by or under this Act required to be settled, decided or dealt with by the Tahsildar or Tribunal, a Manager, the Collector or the (Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal) in appeal or revision or the State Government in exercise of their powers of control.
PG NO 274 (2) No order of the Tahsildar, the Tribunal, the Manager, the Collector or the (Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal) or the State Government made under this Act shall be questioned in any Civil or Criminal Court.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, a Civil Court shall include a Mamlatdar's Court constituted under the Mamlatdars' Court Act, 1906."
It is, therefore, submitted on behalf of the petitioner that determination of the question of tenancy by the Ceiling Authorities, was without jurisdiction. The High Court held that in the facts of this case it was not the Ceiling Authority had to determine the land holdings of the petitioner. incidentally, where a transfer is made by the landholder creating a tenancy, there whether the transfer was made bona fide or made in anticipation to defeat the provisions of the Ceiling Act, is a question which falls for determination squarely by the Ceiling Authorities, to give effect to or implement the Ceiling Act. In that adjudication it was an issue to decide whether tenancy right was acquired by the tenant of the petitioner. But here before the Ceiling Authorities the adjudication was whether the transfer to the tenant,assuming that such transfer was there, was bona fide or made in anticipation to defeat the provisions of the Ceiling Act. This latter question can only be gone into in appropriate proceedings by the Ceiling Authorities. Unless the Acts, with the intention of implementing various socio- economic plans, are read in such complimentary manner, the operation of the different Acts in the same field would create contradiction and would become impossible. It is, therefore, necessary to take a constructive attitude in interpreting provisions of these types and determine the main aim of the particular Act in question for adjudication before the Court.
In our opinion, having regad to the Preamble to the Act of the Maharashtra Agricultural Lands (Ceiling on Holdings) Act, 1961, which was enacted for giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing the principles specified in clause (b) & (c) of Article 39 of our Constitution; and in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing declaration, to ensure that the ownership and control of the agricultural resources of the community are so distributed as to best subserve the common good and having regard to the purpose of the Bombay Act, it was open to the Ceiling Authorities to determine whether there was, in fact, a genuine tenancy.
PG NO 275 In that view of the matter we are of the opinion that the High Court was right in the approach it made. In the ceiling proceedings it has been held that the transfer to the tenant was not bona fide and was done in anticipation of the Ceiling Act. We find no ground to interfere with the Order of the High Court. There is no merit in this application. Hence, it fails and is dismissed.
A.P.J. Petition dismissed.