Supreme Court of India
M.B. Sanghi, Advocate vs High Court Of Punjab And Haryana And Ors on 31 July, 1991
Equivalent citations: 1991 AIR 1834, 1991 SCR (3) 312, AIR 1991 SUPREME COURT 1834, 1991 (3) SCC 600, 1991 AIR SCW 2011, 1991 CRIAPPR(SC) 275, (1991) 2 EFR 239, (1991) 3 JT 318 (SC), (1991) 18 CRILT 236, (1991) 3 RECCRIR 65, 1991 CRILR(SC MAH GUJ) 635, 1991 SCC(CRI) 897, 1991 (3) JT 318, (1991) IJR 432 (SC), 1991 (2) ALL CJ 1099, (1991) 3 SCR 312 (SC), (1992) 1 CHANDCRIC 109, (1991) 2 ORISSA LR 275, (1991) 3 RECCRIR 310, (1992) 1 CURCRIR 394, (1992) 1 CRILC 103, (1991) 2 CURLJ(CCR) 390
Author: A.M. Ahmadi
Bench: A.M. Ahmadi, S.C. Agrawal
PETITIONER:
M.B. SANGHI, ADVOCATE
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AND ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT31/07/1991
BENCH:
AHMADI, A.M. (J)
BENCH:
AHMADI, A.M. (J)
AGRAWAL, S.C. (J)
CITATION:
1991 AIR 1834 1991 SCR (3) 312
1991 SCC (3) 600 JT 1991 (3) 318
1991 SCALE (2)228
CITATOR INFO :
F 1992 SC 904 (57)
ACT:
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971: Sections 2(c)(i), 12 and
19: Disparaging and derogatory remarks--Utterance of--By
practising Advocate against a Judge--Had the effect of
scandalising the Court and impairing confidence of public in
Court--Hence guilty of contempt Apology-Tendering of--Not to
serve as mere defence against rigours of law--Should reflect
remorse and contrition of contemner--Tendering 'unqualified
apology' in case Court finds him guilty--Not sincere-Contem-
ner addicted to use of contemptous language against Judges
and tendering apology--Apology used merely a device to
escape--Not to be accepted--Use of contempt jurisdiction
against erring members of legal profession--Courts are slow
in the hope that Bar Councils will take care to maintain
ethical norms--Decline in ethical values in the profession-
Arrest of--Timely action by Bar Councils--Need for.
HEADNOTE:
Unable to secure an ad-interim stay in favour of his
client, the appellant, a practising Advocate, uttered cer-
tain words imputing motives to the Sub-Judge in refusing to
grant the stay. The sub-Judge submitted a report to the
District and Sessions Judge setting out the words uttered by
the appellant, for taking necessary action against him. The
District and Sessions Judge in turn submitted a report to
the High Court, and proceedings for contempt were initiated
by the High Court.
In the contempt proceedings the appellant denied having
uttered the words mentioned in the report of the Sub-Judge
and also offered unqualified apology.
The High Court held that the appellant was guilty of
contempt of Court, under Section 2(c)(i) of the Contempt of
Courts Act, 1971, as he had attacked the integrity of the
Sub-Judge by equating him with a Contractor of the Municipal
Committee and by charging that he was in collusion with the
Deputy Commissioner and was under his influence. The High
Court further held that the attack on the SubJudge, dispar-
aging in character and derogatory to his dignity, would
vitally shake the confidence of the public in him. The High
Court did not accept the apology tendered by the appellant
because the appellant
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was addicted to using contemptuous language and making
scurrilous attacks on the Judges, and had in an earlier
contempt proceeding too tendered an unqualified apology on
the basis of which the rule against him was discharged.
Aggrieved by the order of the High Court, the petitioner
preferred the present appeal before this Court. It was
contended by him that he did not utter the words, as would
be revealed by the statements of the three Advocates exam-
ined before the High Court, who had stated that the appel-
lant did not use any discourteous, unparliamentary or impo-
lite language against the Sub-Judge.
Dismissing the appeal, this Court,
HELD: (Per Agrawal, J.)
1.1. The appellant had made an attack on the learned
Subordinate Judge which was disparaging in character and
derogatory to his dignity and would vitally shake the confi-
dence of the public in him and that the aspersions made by
the appellant had the effect of scandalising the Court in
such a way as to create distrust in the people's mind and
impair confidence of the prople in Court. The appellant has,
therefore, been rightly held guilty of having committed the
contempt of court under section 2(c)(i) of the Act. [319E-G]
1.2. The High Court, in its appreciation of evidence,
has rightly placed reliance on the testimony of the Sub-
Judge corroborated by the evidence of the Reader in his
Court, in preference to the testimony of the three Advo-
cates. [321C]
2. It is well-settled that an apology is not a weapon
of defence to purge the guilty of their offence; nor is it
intended to operate as a universal panacea, but it is in-
tended to be evidence of real contriteness. The apology that
was tendered by the appellant before the High Court was so
concluded as to be taken into consideration in the event of
the High Court finding the appellant guilty of having com-
mitted contempt of court. Moreover this was not the first
occasion in which proceedings for contempt of court had been
initiated against the appellant and on an earlier occasion
also proceedings for contempt of court had been initiated
against him in pursuance of a report of the then Chief
Judicial Magistrate, and in those proceedings the rule
issued against the appellant was discharged on his tendering
unqualified apology before the High Court. In those proceed-
ings also the appellant is said to have made
314
disparaging remarks against the Judge. Keeping in view the
said circumstance, the High Court has found that the appel-
lant was addicted to using contemptuous language and making
scurrilous attacks on Judges. Having regard to the fact that
incidents of insubordination and use of improper language
towards the Judges are on the increase, it could not be said
that the High Court was not justified in taking the view
that the appellant could not be allowed to get away by
simply feeling sorry by way of apology as the easiest way.
The apology tendered by the appellant could not, therefore,
be accepted. [321G-H; 322A-B]
M.Y. Shareef & Anr. v. The Hon'ble Judges of the High
Court of Nagpur & Ors., [1955] 1 SCR 757, relied on.
Per Ahmadi, J. (Concurring): 1. The exact words uttered
by the appellant, leave no doubt that the intention of the
appellant was to cast aspersions on the integrity of the
Judge and to lower him in the esteem of others by creating
doubts regarding his honesty, judicial impartiality and
independence. The tendency of maligning the reputation of
Judicial Officers by disgruntled elements who fail to secure
the desired order is ever on the increase and it is high
time it is nipped in the bud. And, when a member of the
profession resorts to such cheap gimmicks with a view to
browbeating the Judge into submission, it is all the more
painful. When there is a deliberate attempt to scandalise
which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in
the system, the damage caused is not only to the reputation
of the concerned Judge but also to the fair name of the
judiciary. Veiled threats, abrasive behaviour, use of disre-
spectful language and at times blatant condemnatory attacks
like the present one are often designedly employed with a
view to taming a Judge into submission to secure a desired
order. Such cases raise larger issues touching the independ-
ence of not only the concerned Judge but the entire institu-
tion. The foundation of our system which is based on the
independence and impartiality of those who man it will be
shaken if disparaging and derogatory remarks are made
against the Presiding Judicial Officers with impunity. The
much cherished judicial independence which is of vital
importance to any free Society, has to be protected not only
from the executive or the legislature but also from those
who are an integral part of the system. [315H; 316A-E]
2. In the instant case, the appellant repeated his
performance presumably because he was let off lightly on the
first occasion. Softjustice is not the answer. The appellant
cannot be let off on an apology which is far from sincere.
His apology was hollow, there was no remorse-no regret--it
was only a device to escape the rigour of the
315
law. The High Court rightly did not accept it. [316G-H;
317A-B]
L.D. Jaikwal v. State of U.P., [1984] 3 SCC 405, relied on.
3. When a member of the Bar is required to be punished
for use of contemptuous language it is highly painful--it
pleases none--but painful duties have to be performed to
uphold the honour and dignity of individual Judge and his
office and the prestige of the institution. Courts are
generally slow in using their contempt jurisdiction against
erring members of the profession in the hope that the con-
cerned Bar Council will chasten its members for failure to
maintain proper ethical norms. If timely action is taken by
Bar Councils, the decline in the ethical values can be
easily arrested. [317G]
JUDGMENT:
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal (Con- tempt) No. 144 of 1987.
From the Judgment and Order dated 13.1.87 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl. Original Contempt Petition No. 22 of 1985.
Mahabir Shingh for the Appellant.
S.K. Bisaria, (N.P.) for the Respondents.
The Judgments of the Court were delivered by AHMADI, J. I am in complete agreement with my learned Brother Agrawal, J. that there is no merit in this appeal but I would like to add a few words of my own.
The appellant, a practising Advocate, having failed to persuade the learned Subordinate Judge to grant an ad-inter- im injunction pending filing of a counter by the opposite party, switched gear from persuasive advocacy to derogatory remarks in the fond hope that such tactic would succeed and the learned Judge would be browbeaten into submission. Fortunately the learned Judges was made of sterner stuff and refused to succumb to such unprofessional conduct. Instead he made a record of the disrespectful and derogatory remarks made with intent to tarnish his image as a Judicial Officer and forwarded a report to the District Judge who in turn reported the matter to the High Court to enable it to initi- ate proceedings for contempt of court against the appellant. The exact words uttered by the appellant, reproduced in the 316 judgment of my learned brother, leave no doubt that the intention of the appellant was to cast aspersions on the integrity of the learned Judge and to lower him in the esteem of others by creating doubts regarding his honesty, judicial impartiality and independence. The tendency of maligning the reputation of Judicial Officers by disgruntled elements who fail to secure the desired order is ever on the increase and it is high time it is nipped in the bud. And, when a member of the profession resorts to such cheap gim- micks with a view to browbeating the judge into submission, it is all the more painful. When there is a deliberate attempt to scandalise which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in the system, the damage caused is not only to the reputation of the concerned judge but also to be fair name of the judiciary. Veiled threats, abrasive behaviour, use of disrespectful language and at times bla- tant condemnatory attacks like the present one are often designedly employed with a view to taming a judge into submission to secure a desired order. Such cases raise larger issues touching the independence of not only the concerned judge but the entire institution. The foundation of our system which is based on the independence and impar- tiality of those who man it will be shaken if disparaging and derogatory remarks are made against the Presiding Judi- cial Officers with impunity. It is high time that we realise that the much cherished judicial independence has to be protected not only from the executive or the legislature but also from those who are an integral part of the system. An independent judiciary is of vital importance to any free society. Judicial independence was not achieved overnight. Since we have inherited this concept from the British, it would not be out of place to mention the struggle strong- willed judges like Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and many others had to put up with the Crown as well as the Parliament at considerable personal risk. And when a member of the profession like the appellant who should know better so lightly trifles with the much endeared concept of judicial independence to secure small gains it only betrays a lack of respect for the martyrs of judicial independence and for the institution itself. Their sacrifice would go waste if we are not jealous to protect the fair name of the judiciary from unwarranted attacks on its inde- pendence. And here is a member of the profession who has repeated his performance presumable because he was let off lightly on the first occasion. Soft-justice is not the answer--not that the High Court has been harsh with him-what I mean is he cannot be let off on an apology which is far from sincere His apology was follow, there was no remorse--no regret--it was only a device to escape the rigour of the law. What he said in his affidavit was that he had not uttered the words attributed to him by the learned 317 Judge; in other words the learned judge was lying--adding insult to injury--and yet if the court finds him guilty (he contested the matter tooth and nail) his unqualified apology may be accepted. This is no apology, it is merely a device to escape. The High Court rightly did not accept it. That is what this Court had done in a similar situation in L.D. Jaikwal v. State of U.P., [ 1984] 3 SCC 405. This Court described it as a 'paper apology and refused to accept it in the following words:
"We do not think that merely because the appellant has tendered his apology we should set aside the sentence and allow him to go unpunished. Otherwise, all that a person wanting to intimidate a Judge by making the grossest imputations against him has to do, is to go ahead and scandalize him, and later on tender a formal empty apology which costs him practically nothing. If such an apology were to be accepted, as a rule, and not as an exception, we would in fact be virtually issuing a 'licence' to scandalize courts and commit contempt of court with impunity. It will be rather difficult to persuade members of the Bar, who care for their self-respect, to join the judiciary if they are expected to pay such a price for it. And no sitting judge will feel free to decide any matter as per the dictates of his conscience on account of fear of being scandalized and persecuted by an advocate who does not mind making reckless allegations if the Judge goes against his wishes. If this situation were to be counte- nanced, advocates who can cow down the Judges, and make them fail in line with their wishes, by threats of character assassination and persecution, will be preferred by the liti- gants to the advocates who are mindful of professional ethics and believe in maintaining the decorum of courts."
When a member of the Bar is required to be punished for use of contemptuous language it is highly painful--it pleases none--but painful duties have to be performed to uphold the honour and dignity of the individual Judge and his office and the prestige of the institution. Courts are generally slow in using their contempt jurisdiction against erring members of the profession in the hope that the concerned Bar Council will chasten its member for failure to maintain proper ethical norms. If timely action is taken by Bar Councils, the decline in the ethical values can be easily arrested.
By refusing to interfere with the impugned order of the High 318 Court this Court is not merely punishing the appellant but is in fact upholding the independence of the Judiciary. Let me conclude with the hope that this Court will not be called upon to deal with such a situation in future.
For the above reasons I agree that the appeal be dismissed.
S.C. AGRAWAL, J. This appeal filed under section 19(1)(b) of the Contempt of Courts Act, 197 1 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') is directed against the judgment and order of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana dated January 13, 1987 whereby the appellant has been convicted for having committed contempt of court under section 2(c)(i) of the Act and has been sentenced to pay Rs. 1,000 as fine and in case of default in payment of fine to undergo simple imprisonment for seven days.
The appellant, who is practising as an Advocate at Narnaul, was representing the plaintiff in Civil Suit titled Hari Ram v. Municipal Committee. On September 20, 1985, the appellant appeared in the said suit for the plaintiff and orally prayed for ex-parte ad:interim stay. The said request was declined by the Subordinate Judge, Narnaul, who ordered for issuance of notice to the defendants for September 24,1985. On September 24, 1985, Shri Banwari Lal Sharma ap- peared for the defendants and requested for a date for filing a reply to the said application which request was not opposed by the appellant but the appellant prayed for ad- interim stay in favour of the plaintiff. The Subordinate Judge told the appellant that the question of ad-interim stay would be considered after filing of the reply by the defendants and adjourned the case for September 26, 1985. It appears that the appellant was not satisfied with this order passed by the Subordinate Judge and according to the Subor- dinate Judge, Shri S.R. Sharma, the appellant uttered the following words in the Court:
"You are wholly favouring the Municipal Com- mittee. Are you sitting as Judge or as Admin- istrator of Municipal Committee? To me it seems that your are deciding the case as Administrator of Municipal Committee. You are acting as, if you are a contractor of the Municipal Committee. I do not expect any justice from you. I do not think that you will grant stay to me as you are fully siding with the Municipal Committee. You are not granting stay to me as you are in collusing with the Deputy Commissioner and under his (Deputy Commissioner) influence, you do not want to 319 grant stay to me and that he will complain against me to the Hon'ble High Court."
On September 25, 1985, the Subordinate Judge submitted a report Ex. P.A. to the District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul for taking necessary action against the appellant wherein the aforementioned words alleged to have been uttered by the appellant were set out. The District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul submitted a report dated October 12, 1985, to the High Court and on the basis of the said report, proceedings for contempt were initiated against the appellant by the High Court. The appellant submitted a reply by way of affi- davit wherein he denied to have uttered the words mentioned in the report of Shri S.R. Sharma, Subordinate Judge, Nar- naul to the District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul and also offered an unqualified apology. Shri S.R. Sharma fi|ed his affidavit in the High Court and he was also examined as a witness, In addition, the High Court examined Shri Krishan Kumar Sharma, who was at the relevant time reader in the court of Shri S.R. Sharma, and three advocates, namely, Shri Banwari La| Sharma, Shri Gyan Chand Sharma and Shri Satya Narain Sharma. The appellant did hot examine himself as a witness before the High Court.
The High Court found that the appellant had attacked the integrity of the learned Sub-Judge by saying that he was a contractor of the Municipal Committee, that he was in collu- sion with the Deputy Commissioner and he was under his influence and that the attack made on the learned Sub-Judge disparaging in character and derogatory to his dignity would vitally-shake the confidence of the public in him and that the aspersions made against the Sub-Judge were much more than merely insult and, in fact, they scandalise the court in such a way as to create distrust in the people's mind and impair confidence of the people in court. The High Court was, therefore, of the view that the appellant had brought himself clearly within the ambit of contempt of court and he was accordingly found guilty under section 2(c)(i) of the Act. As regards the apology tendered by the appellant, the High Court observed that this was not the first occasion and earlier also the proceedings for contempt had been initiated against him in pursuance of a report made by Shri K.K. Chopra, the then Chief Judicial Magistrate, Narnaul in C.O.C.P. No. 12 of 1983 wherein also the appellant had tendered an unqualified apology in the High Court and the rule against him was discharged and that the appellant is addicted to using contemptuous language and making scurri- lous attacks on the judges. The High Court held that apology must, in order to dilute the gravity of the 320 offence, be voluntary, unconditional and indicative of remorse and contrition and it should be tendered at the earliest opportunity and further, that the aspersions men- tioned in the letter Ex. P.A. at 'A' to 'A' sent by Shri S.R. Sharma to the District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul were made by the appellant with a design and were not simply thoughtless and in such a case, the appellant cannot be allowed to get away by simply feeling sorry by way of apolo- gy as the easiest way. The High Court did not, therefore, accept the apology tendered by the appellant. Shri Mahabir Singh, the learned counsel appearing for the appellant, has submitted that the High Court was in error in holding that the appellant had uttered the words mentioned in the letter Ex. P.A. sent by Shri S.R. Sharma to the District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul. Shri Mahabir Singh has invited our attention to the statements of the witnesses who were examined before the High Court and has laid partic- ular emphasis on the statement of Shri Banwari Lal Sharma, Advocate, who was representing the defendant Municipal Committee in the Civil Suit before the Subordinate Judge and was present in the court at the relevant time and who has stated that the appellant has not used any unparliamentary or foul language towards Shri S.R. Sharma, Sub-Judge. Shri Mahabir Singh has also referred to the statements of Shri Gyan Chand Sharma, Advocate and Shri Satya Narain Sharma, Advocate who have stated that they were present in the court of SubJudge, Narnaul on September 24, 1985 at about 2 or 2.15 p.m. when the appellant had requested the Subordinate Judge to grant ad-interim stay against the Municipal Commit- tee for demolition of a chabutra in the case of Hari Ram v. Municipal Committee and the said request of the appellant was declined by Shri S.R. Sharma and that the appellant did not use any discourteous or impolite language against Shri S.R. Sharma.
We have carefully perused the statements of the three Advocates mentioned above on which reliance has been placed by Shri Mahabir Singh. Their evidence has to be considered along with the statements of the Sub-JUdge, Shri S.R. Sharma Narnual and Shri Krishan Kumar Sharma, who was posted as reader in the court of ShriS.R. Sharma at that time. Shri S.R. Sharma, during the course of examination-in-chief has stated that when he did not pass orders for interim injunc- tion in favour of the appellant, he started speaking loudly and used defamatory language. He has also repeated the language which was used by the appellant which in substance was in the same terms as mentioned in his letter Ex. P.A. addressed to the District and Sessions Judge, Narnaul, Shri Krishan Kumar Sharma in his deposition has stated:
321". ..... Shri M.B. Sanghi repeatedly tried to compel Shri Sita Ram Sharma to issue the ad-interim injunction in favour of his client, but Shri Sita Ram Sharma had declined that request without hearing the arguments. Shri M.B. Sanghi then stated that he had no hope of justice from Shri Sita Ram Sharma as the latter was behaving like an Administrator of the Municipal Committee. Shri M.B. Sanghi, addressed Shri Sita Ram Sharma saying that he (Sh. Sita Ram Sharma) was under the pressure of Deputy Commissioner, Narnaul."
Nothing has been brought out during the course of exami- nationin-chief of these witnesses which may show that they were deposing falsely against the appellant. The High Court has placed reliance on the testimony of these witnesses in preference to the testimony of three advocates, namely, Shri Banwari Lal Sharma, Shri Gyan Chand Sharma and Shri Satya Narain Sharma. After considering the evidence of all the witnesses, I am inclined to agree with the appreciation of the evidence by the High Court. I find no reason to discard the testimony of Shri S.R. Sharma who has been corroborated by his reader, Shri Krishan Kumar Sharma. Considering the language used by the appellant in the Court of Shri S.R. Sharma, as mentioned by him in his report Ex. P.A. to the District & Sessions Judge, Narnaul and repeated by him in his statement before the High Court it must be held that the appellant had made an attack on the learned Subordinate Judge which was disparaging in character and derogatory to his dignity and would vitally shake the confidence of the public in him and that the aspersions made by the appellant had the effect of scandalising the court in such a way as to create distrust in the people's mind and impair confidence of the people in court. The appellant has, therefore, been rightly held guilty of having committed the contempt of court under section 2(c)(i) of the Act.
Shri Mahabir Singh has urged that the appellant is a fairly senior Advocate and has been practising for more than 20 years and since he had tendered unqualified apology before the High Court the same ought to have been accepted. With regard to apology in proceedings for contempt of court, it is well-settled that an apology is not a weapon of de- fence to purge the guilty of their offence; nor is it in- tended to operate as a universal panacea, but it is intended to be evidence of real contriteness. (See: M.Y. Shareef & Anr. v. The Hon'ble Judges of the High Court of Nagpur & Ors., [1955] 1 SCR 757 at p. 764). In the instant case, I find that in his affidavit in reply to the notice issued by the High Court which is annexed at Annexure II, the appel- lant first 322 denied having used the words as mentioned by Shri S.R. Sharma in his report sent to the District & Sessions Judge, Narnual or having shown disrespect in any manner whatsoever to Shri S.R. Sharma, the Presiding Officer of the court of Sub-Judge, Narnaul on September 24, 1985. In para 3 of the said affidavit, the appellant has stated as under:
"That if this Hon'ble Court comes to the conclusion that the deponent has committed contempt, the deponent tenders an unqualified apology to this Hon'ble Court and begs for forgiveness. The deponent is a senior and respected member of the Narnaul Bar besides that being law abiding citizen has greatest respect and regards for the judiciary and all the Presiding Officers."
This would show that the apology that was tendered by the appellant before the High Court was to be taken into consideration in the event of the High Court finding the appellant guilty of having committed contempt of court. Moreover in the present case, it has been found that this was not the first occasion in which proceedings for contempt of court had been initiated against the appellant and on an earlier occasion also proceedings for contempt of court had been initiated against the appellant in pursuance of a report of Shri K.K. Chopra, the then Chief Judicial Magis- trate, Narnaul and in those proceedings the rule issued against the appellant was discharged on his tendering un- qualified apology before the High Court. In those proceed- ings also the appellant is said to have made disparaging remarks against the Judge. Keeping in view the said circum- stance, the High Court has found that the appellant was addicted to using contemptuous language and making scurri- lous attacks on judges. Having regard to the fact that incidents of insubordination and use of improper language towards the judges are on the increase, the High Court was of the view that the appellant could not be allowed to get away by simply feeling sorry by way of apology as the easi- est way. I am unable to say that the High Court was not justified in taking this view. Taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the case and the fact that the appellant, a fairly senior advocate, is prone to use dispar- aging and contemptuous remarks against judges, I am of the opinion that this is not a case in which the apology ten- dered by the appellant may be accepted.
I, therefore, find no merit in the appeal and the same is accordingly dismissed.
G.N. Appeal dismissed.
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