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[Cites 4, Cited by 23]

Supreme Court of India

Rajya Sabha Secretariat & Ors vs Subhash Baloda & Ors on 11 February, 2013

Equivalent citations: AIR 2013 SUPREME COURT 2193, 2013 AIR SCW 1325, 2013 LAB. I. C. 2612, 2013 (1) ADR 254, 2013 (2) SCALE 394, 2013 (5) SCC 169, (2013) 2 ALLMR 475 (SC), 2013 (3) KCCR 294 SN, (2013) 2 ALL WC 1089, (2013) 137 FACLR 247, (2013) 1 LAB LN 592, (2013) 2 SCT 243, (2013) 2 SERVLR 555, (2013) 2 SCALE 394

Bench: H.L. Gokhale, G.S. Singhvi

                                                                             REPORTABLE

                        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
                        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

                      CIVIL APPEAL NO….1099.…….OF 2013
          (@ out of  SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 8707/2012 )

Rajya Sabha Secretariat & Ors.                           …      Appellants

                                    Versus

Subhash Baloda & Ors.                                          …
Respondents




                             J U D G  E M E N T


H.L. Gokhale J.

            Leave Granted.
2.          This appeal raises the question with respect  to  the  scope  of
judicial review in the matter of selections and appointments made by  Public
Authorities. A learned Single Judge of the Delhi High Court has  found-fault
with the process of selection of Security  Assistants  Grade-II,  conducted,
in the year 2009, by the Joint Recruitment Cell of the Parliament  of  India
(Appellant  No.  3),  for  the  Rajya  Sabha  Secretariat  and   Lok   Sabha
Secretariat (Appellant Nos. 1  &  2).   By  his  judgment  and  order  dated
1.9.2011, rendered in Writ petition (C) 4835/2011 filed by  the  Respondents
(unsuccessful candidates) he has directed the  appellants  to  consider  the
claim of the Respondents for selection, by  the  process  approved  by  him.
The appeal therefrom, filed by the appellants herein, being LPA No.  839  of
2011 has been dismissed by a Division  bench  of  that  High  Court  by  its
judgment and order dated 29.11.2011, which has led to the present appeal  by
special leave.
      Facts leading to this appeal:-
3.           This appeal  arises  on  the  background  of  following  facts.
Sometime in the year 2009, Appellant No. 3 issued an  advertisement  bearing
No. 04/2009, inviting applications  for  various  posts  such  as  those  of
Research  Assistants,   Junior   Parliamentary   Reporters,   Stenographers,
Translators, Security  Assistants  Grade-II,  and  Junior  Clerks.   In  the
present matter we are concerned with the posts of Security Assistants Grade-
II.  In this advertisement, 37 vacancies were advertised  in  the  cadre  of
Security  Assistants  Grade-II,  in  the  Lok  Sabha  Secretariat,  and   19
vacancies in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.
4.           The  scheme  of  the  examination  for  these  posts  was  also
incorporated in the advertisement. The examination for  the  recruitment  of
Security Assistants Grade-II was to be conducted in four stages.  They  were
as follows:-
(1)   Preliminary Examination,
(2)   Physical Measurement and Field Tests,
(3)   Descriptive Type Written Papers,
(4)   Personal Interview
            The candidates were expected to be graduates in any  discipline,
provided they met the requisite physical requirements as per the  Lok  Sabha
and Rajya Sabha Rules.  As per the approved scheme of the  examination,  the
recruitment of the candidates depended on their performance in each  of  the
four stages.  Each test was an elimination round for  the  subsequent  test.
The candidates were required to attain  the  prescribed  standards,  and  to
qualify in each of the stages.  However, the marks secured by  them  in  the
third and fourth stage, viz. descriptive type  written  paper  and  personal
interview, were to be considered for determining the inter-se  seniority  in
the merit order for selection.
5.           (i)  The  advertisement  specified  as   ‘desirable’,   certain
additional qualifications, which were as follows:-
           “Desirable: ‘C’ Certificate in NCC or sportsmen  of  distinction
           who have represented a State or the Country at the  National  or
           International level or who  have  represented  a  University  in
           recognised inter-university tournament.

            Note: In case of vacancies in Rajya Sabha Secretariat:
                 i)   Certificate   in   computer   course   recognised   by
                    AICTE/DOEACC or courses equivalent to ‘O’ Level in terms
                    of syllabus and duration  of  course  as  prescribed  by
                    DOEACC, is also a desirable qualification.
            (AICTE- All India Council for Technical Education)
            (DOEACC- Department of  Electronics  Accreditation  of  Computer
            Courses)”


(ii) The advertisement specifically stated that for these posts:


           “Personal interview will carry 25 marks. Candidates will have to
           secure the minimum qualifying marks in the Personal Interview.”

(iii) Para XV of the advertisement laid  down  the  cut  off  percentage  of
marks.  This para reads as follows:-
           “XV.CUT OFF PERCENTAGE OF MARKS: The minimum cut of  percentages
      of marks in Written Test and Personal Interview in an  examination  is
      50%, 45% and 40% for vacancies in GENERAL, OBC  and  SC/ST  categories
      respectively.  The above percentages are relaxable by 5%  in  case  of
      physically handicapped persons of relevant disability and category for
      appointment against the vacancies reserved in  Lok  Sabha  Secretariat
      for physically handicapped persons.  These percentages are the minimum
      marks which a candidate is required to secure in each  paper/component
      and aggregate in the written test and in  aggregate  in  the  personal
      interview.  However, the cut-off percentages may be raised or  lowered
      in  individual  component/paper/aggregate  to  arrive  at   reasonable
      vacancy: candidate ratio.”

6.          Out of the candidates who wrote  the  descriptive  type  written
paper, 68 candidates secured the minimum qualifying marks, and  were  called
for the personal interview of 25 marks.  The break-up of marks for  Personal
Interview was as follows:-
            ”
           a) Dress, manners and appearance  6 marks
           b) Behaviour in communication           6 marks
              (whether courteous and disciplined)
           c) General awareness and knowledge of duties
              involved security service            6 marks
           d) Skill and Extra-curricular activities      5 marks
                 I. NCC C- Certificate             5 marks
                II. Sports
              International level/national level   5 marks
              University Level                     4 marks
           e) Certificate in computer operations   2 marks    ”



7.          It is the case of the appellant that the breakup of these  marks
for the personal interview was approved by the Secretary  Generals  of  both
Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, in 2001.   The  candidates  who  were  called  to
appear for the  personal  interview  were  sent  call-letters,  specifically
informing  them  that  they  had  to  bring  the  original  certificates  of
NCC/Sports or the certificate of the computer course.  Specimen  call-letter
dated 3.5.2011 sent to a candidate is reproduced herein below. It  reads  as
follows:-
                       “PARLIAMENT OF INDIA
                     (JOINT RECRUITMENT CELL)

     RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF SECURITY ASSISTANT GRADE-II IN LOK SABHA
                        AND RAJYA SABHA SECRETARIATS
                                                    PARLIAMENT HOUSE ANNEXE,
                                                            NEW DELHI-110001
No. 7/3/SA-II(open)-JRC/2010
                                                     Dated: the 3rd May 2011

                                 CALL LETTER
           On the basis of your performance  in  the  Physical  Measurement
      Tests, Field  Tests  and  Descriptive  Type  Written  Papers  held  in
      December 2010, you have been declared successful for appearing in  the
      Personal Interview to be  held  on  Sunday,  the  29th  May,  2011  in
      Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi.

            2.   Your Roll Number is 105999.
            3.   You are requested to be present at 9.30 A.M. sharp  at  the
      Reception Office, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi, from  where  you
      will be conducted to the venue of interview.
           4.     You  are   also   required   to   bring   the   following
      documents/testimonials  for  verification  at  the  time  of  Personal
      Interview:-
           (i)    Original  certificates  of  Matriculation  or  equivalent
      examination as proof of date of birth.
           (ii)   All  original  certificates  of  Educational  and   other
      qualifications.
            (iii)      All original certificates of NCC/Sports.
            (iv)  Original certificate of Hill area resident, if any, issued
      by the competent authority.
           (v)    Original  Caste  Certificate  issued  by  the   competent
      authority (in case of SC, ST and OBC candidates).

           5.    In case, a candidate has done a  computer  course,  he/she
      should bring the original certificate thereof at the time of  Personal
      Interview.  However, the credit for the same shall be given only if it
      is accompanied by a declaration by the concerned  institute  that  the
      computer course done by the candidate is recognised by the  All  India
      Council  for  Technical  Education  (AICTE)/Department  of  Electronic
      Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) or the course is equivalent
      to ‘O’ level in terms of syllabus and duration of course as prescribed
      by DOEACC.

           6.    The minimum qualifying marks  in  Personal  Interview  are
      50%, 45% and 40% for vacancies in General, OBC and  SC/ST  categories,
      respectively.

           7.    Selection will be made on the basis of overall performance
      of the candidates in the  descriptive  type  written  papers  and  the
      personal interview, subject to the availability of vacancies.

           8.    The decision  of  the  Joint  recruitment  Cell  regarding
      allocation of the successful candidates to either the Lok Sabha or the
      Rajya Sabha Secretariat shall be final.

           9.    You should bring this call letter to the venue of Personal
      Interview without fail.
                                               Sd/-
                                          (A.S.K. DAS)
                                        Under Secretary”
                                                   (emphasis supplied)
8.          In was pointed out on behalf of the appellants that at the  time
of the interview the exercise of checking the  certificates  was  undertaken
by the officers of the Joint Recruitment Cell, by  verifying  the  documents
prior to the personal Interview. The officers simply assisted the  interview
board, and saved their time. This exercise was done in the presence  of  all
the candidates, and they  had  the  full  knowledge  thereof.   A  candidate
producing the  ‘C’  Certificate  of  NCC  was  entitled  to  full  5  marks.
Similarly  a  candidate  producing  the  computer  course  certificate   was
entitled to 2 marks. There was no discretion in awarding these marks.  These
marks were deemed to be awarded by  the  members  of  the  interview  board.
After  the  checking  of  the  certificates  and  the  oral  interview,   27
candidates were selected for the posts of Security Assistants  Grade-II  for
Lok Sabha as against 37 vacancies, and 13 were selected for Rajya  Sabha  as
against 19 vacancies.
 9.         The respondents were some of the candidates who participated  in
this process but were not selected.  They filed a Writ Petition in the  High
Court of Delhi bearing Writ Petition (C) No. 4835 of 2011.  The  respondents
principally raised two contentions: (1) firstly, that the splitting  of  the
marks, in the interview, was not indicated  to  them  in  advance,  and  (2)
secondly, attainment of minimum cut-off  marks  (say  50%  for  the  general
category) be adjudged out of 18 marks ear-marked  for  the  oral  interview,
and the marks for the NCC or the computer course certificates be  considered
only thereafter.
10.         The appellants herein pointed  out  before  the  Learned  Single
Judge that the issue was no longer res-integra, and had been  decided  in  a
judgment rendered by a Single Judge of the Delhi High Court in the  case  of
Mahesh Kumar & Anr. Vs Union of India 151 (2008) Delhi Law  Times  353.   It
was a case of selection to the very cadre of  Security  Assistants  Grade-II
in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat, in the  year  2006.   The  judgment  of  the
Learned Single Judge, which was confirmed by  a  Division  Bench,  had  held
that prescribing the minimum cut-off for the skills in the  interview  could
not be faulted.  The  Learned  Single  Judge  had  also  observed  that  the
decision to assign minimum 50% marks for the interview was arrived at ‘in  a
thorough and scientific manner.’
11.         In the  present  matter,  the  Learned  Single  Judge,  however,
distinguished the case before him from the decision in Mahesh Kumar  (supra)
by holding that no arguments were advanced in that case that  the  splitting
up of the interview marks (as 18 +7) was not  justified,  and  that  in  any
event it was not specified in the advertisement. The  Learned  Single  Judge
held that the question of fairness of the selection process was  not  raised
in that matter and therefore, he could go into it,  since  the  doctrine  of
sub-silentio operates as an exception to the rule of precedent.   He  relied
upon two decisions of this  Court  in  State  of  U.P.  Vs.  Synthetics  and
Chemicals Ltd.  reported in  1991  (4)  SCC  139  and  Union  of  India  Vs.
Dhanwanti Devi reported in 1996 (6) SCC 44 in support.
12.         Having decided to go into this issue, the Learned  Single  Judge
in terms held, in para 25 of his Judgment, that allotting 7  marks  for  the
certificates out  of  the  25  marks  for  the  interview  had  resulted  in
elimination of those candidates  who  had  otherwise  obtained  the  minimum
qualifying marks out of 18 marks.  He further held that even if  marks  were
to be given for the certificates, they ought to have  been  in  addition  to
the qualifying marks, and ought not to have been  used  to  eliminate  those
who had otherwise qualified as per the marks in  the  remaining  portion  of
the interview.
13.         The Learned Judge, thereafter, held in paragraph 26 as follows:-

           “26.  The action of the Respondent in applying the  criteria  of
      minimum qualifying percentage to twenty-five marks and not to 18 marks
      which related to the actual interview and that too without  disclosing
      this change either in the advertisement or to  the  candidates  before
      the interview  is  arbitrary  and  violative  of  Article  14  of  the
      Constitution.  It has resulted in  the  unfair  elimination  of  those
      Petitioners who have scored the minimum qualifying percentage (50% for
      General Category, 45% OBC and 40% SC/ST) in both the written  test  as
      well as in the actual interview.”

14.         The Learned Single Judge allowed the petition  by  his  judgment
and order dated 1.9.2011, but confined  the  benefit  of  his  judgment  and
order to the petitioners before the court, and  directed  that  on  applying
the criteria as suggested by him, if any of the  petitioners  are  found  to
have qualified, they be offered appointments to  the  posts  either  in  Lok
Sabha or in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.
15.         The appellants carried the matter in Letters  Patent  Appeal  to
the Division Bench which accepted the view-point that had  appealed  to  the
Learned Single Judge.  The Division Bench dismissed the  L.P.A  No.  839  of
2011 by its judgment  and  order  dated  29.11.2011.   The  Division  Bench,
however, extended the benefit of the principle  laid  down  by  the  Learned
Single Judge across the board to all  those  who  had  participated  in  the
selection process.   The  Division  Bench  went  further  ahead  in  another
aspect. With respect to the marks for participation in NCC  or  having  done
the computer course, it observed as follows:-
           “3………  It  was  believed  by  us  that  mere  participation   in
      NCC/Sports and/or undergoing a course in Computer Operations would not
      entitle a candidate to  the  maximum  marks  of  5  &  2  respectively
      prescribed therefor and it was for the Interview Board to  assess  the
      proficiency and extent  of  participation  of  the  candidate  in  the
      respective fields and the marks to be  allocated  therefore  may  vary
      from zero to five in case of NCC/Sports and zero to two in the case of
      certificate in Computer Operations………”

16.         The Division Bench, therefore,  accepted  the  proposition  laid
down by the Single Judge that the eligibility marks for  interview  were  to
be computed out of 18 marks  only.   It  further  directed  that  where  the
proficiency in NCC/Sports or in computer course was  to  be  judged  by  the
Interview Board, those marks be added in the range of zero to  five  as  per
its observations in paragraph 3 quoted above. Being aggrieved by  these  two
judgments this appeal has been filed.
      Submissions by the rival parties:
17.         Mr. R.K.  Khanna,  Learned  Senior  Counsel  appearing  for  the
appellant submitted that the Learned Single Judge as well  as  the  Division
Bench have gone into an area where  they  ought  not  to  have  gone,  while
exercising judicial  review.   In  his  submission,  the  advertisement  had
clearly stated that the C-certificates in NCC or the Sport  certificates  or
the certificates in computer  course  were  ‘desirable’.   The  call  letter
specifically  called  upon  the  candidates  to  come  with   the   original
certificates.  How the marks ought to be given, out of 25  interview  marks,
was an aspect to be decided by the interview board.   He  pointed  out  that
even so, to avoid arbitrariness, the splitting of the marks was effected  as
per the decision of the Secretaries of Lok Sabha and  Rajya  Sabha,  arrived
at way back in 2001.  Previous selections were also done on  that  basis  in
2006, and they were upheld by a Single Judge and a Division Bench  of  Delhi
High court.  It was, therefore, not expected of the High Court  to  go  into
that controversy once again.  In any  case  assuming  that  the  controversy
could be gone into afresh, while deciding the petition the  Court  had  gone
into the question as to how the interview board  ought  to  have  given  the
marks, which was outside the scope of judicial review.  Secondly, the  Court
ignored that the marks were given to  the  certificates  uniformly,  and  in
that there was no discrimination whatsoever.  In his submission,  there  was
no  occasion  for  the  court  to  impose  its  reading  of   the   relevant
requirements on to the interview board.
18.         Ms. Jyoti  Singh,  learned  senior  counsel  appearing  for  the
respondents, on the other hand submitted that the Learned  Single  Judge  of
the High Court was right in  holding  that  Mahesh  Kumar  (supra)  had  not
considered the issue in the manner in which it was placed  before  the  High
Court in the present matter.  The advertisement clearly meant  an  interview
of 25  marks.  The  splitting  of  the  marks  of  interview  under  various
categories was  not  informed  to  the  respondents  anytime  prior  to  the
interview. If the oral interview was of 18 marks,  then  the  cut-off  marks
ought to have been  assessed  out  of  18  marks,  and  the  marks  for  the
certificates ought to have been added subsequently. The manner in which  the
marks for the interview were allotted was arbitrary, and  it  resulted  into
denial  of  equal  opportunity  in  public  employment.    She,   therefore,
submitted  that  the  decisions  of  the  High  Court  did  not   call   for
interference by this Court.
      Consideration of the submissions:
19.         The first submission of Mr. Khanna has been that  the  procedure
adopted by the appellants had been approved by the  High  Court  earlier  in
Mahesh Kumar (supra) and the same procedure was  being  followed  this  time
also.  He submitted that if we  look  into  the  judgment  in  Mahesh  Kumar
(supra), the same pattern of allotment of marks for the posts in  this  very
cadre is reproduced in para 14 of the judgment.  In the present matter  also
the single  Judge  has  accepted  in  para  15  of  his  judgment  that  the
qualification requirements in both the cases were the same.  On  the  format
of allotting the marks the Learned Single Judge observed in Mahesh Kumar  is
as follows:-
            “17. For recruiting candidates to a particular post a  procedure
      is prescribed by the experts in  the  field  after  carrying  out  the
      necessary research taking into consideration the  requirement  of  the
      job and nature of employment.  One should not lose sight of  the  fact
      that if the selection process is divided into  series  of  steps  then
      each step has a purpose  to  serve  and  has  been  included  with  an
      objective, be it written test/physical test or  an  interview……..  The
      procedure devised by the  respondent  eliminates  arbitrariness  to  a
      great extent as it is  not  just  the  whim  of  the  members  of  the
      interview board.  There is  proper  format  for  evaluation  which  is
      almost akin to another written examination.  The format for evaluation
      has different marks for different traits which are detailed in earlier
      paragraph.
            ……….
            29.   In the present  case,  the  norms  were  approved  by  the
      Secretary Generals of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and  in  order  to
      minimize any arbitrariness or personal perception, separate marks were
      allocated  for   dress;   manners   and   appearance;   behaviour   in
      communication(whether courteous and  disciplined);  general  awareness
      and knowledge of duties  involved  in  security  services;  skill  and
      extracurricular activities.  In the oral  interview,  the  marks  were
      also to be given on the basis whether the candidates had  participated
      either in NCC or sports or paramilitary forces and the  weightage  was
      also given for knowledge of computer operations.  With  this  detailed
      breakup of different heads under which, in  the  interview  the  marks
      were awarded to the candidates, it is reasonable to infer  that  while
      assigning minimum 50% marks in viva voce; the decision was arrived  at
      in a thorough and scientific manner……”
                                                   (emphasis supplied)

The  judgment  of  the  Learned  Single  Judge  in  Mahesh  Kumar  was  left
undisturbed by the Division Bench.  Mr. Khanna,  therefore,  submitted  with
emphasis that once the scheme of selection  was  approved  by  the  Division
Bench, the Learned Single Judge in the present  matter  ought  not  to  have
entertained the contention  that  the  submissions  raised  in  the  present
matter were not raised earlier.
20.         It was also submitted that the respondents  having  participated
in the selection process, it was not permissible for them to  challenge  the
recruitment process subsequently.  Reliance was placed upon the judgment  of
this Court in Manish Kumar Shahi Vs. State of Bihar & Ors. reported in  2010
(12) SCC 576 in that behalf.
21.          As  against  the  submissions  of   the   appellants,       the
submission of the respondents has  been  that  although  they  secured  high
marks in the overall performance i.e the  written  test  and  the  interview
combined, they found that other candidates were  selected  though  they  had
overall less merit than them, and yet they  were  shown  as  having  secured
higher marks.  After making an enquiry under the Right to  Information  Act,
they came to know that the selected candidates were  given  more  marks  for
their having the NCC and /or Computer Course Certificates,  leading  to  the
selection of candidates having less merit.  They contended that  the  method
of splitting up of marks  was  not  informed  to  them.   This  was  unjust,
discriminatory and violative of Articles 14 and 16 of  the  Constitution  of
India.
22.         The Learned Single Judge in his impugned Judgment  has  referred
to the cases of K. Manjushree Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh reported  in  2008
(3) SCC 512 and Himani Malhotra Vs. High Court of Dehi reported in 2008  (7)
SCC 11.  The  factual  situation  in  these  two  cases  is  however,  quite
different from the one in the present  case.   In  Manjushree  (supra),  the
minimum cut-off marks were prescribed after the interviews  were  over,  and
after the first merit list was prepared.  In Himani Malhotra  (supra)  there
was no indication in the advertisement about the  minimum  qualifying  marks
for the interview and the same were introduced by  the  selecting  committee
after the written test was over and after the date for  oral  interview  was
postponed.
23.         The question before us is whether the  interview  board  can  be
faulted for making the certificate marks a component  of  the  25  interview
marks, and  whether  thereby  the  candidates  were  in  any  way  taken  by
surprise.   In  this  connection  we  must  note  that  the  appellants  had
advertised that the NCC/Sports and Computer certificates  were  ‘desirable’.
The call-letter, in  paragraph  5  thereof,  specifically  called  upon  the
candidates  to  bring  their  certificates  at  the  time  of  the  Personal
Interview. It further stated that credit for the same shall  be  given  only
if the certificate  was  accompanied  by  a  declaration  by  the  concerned
institute that the course done by the candidate was recognized by  AICTE  or
DOEACC.  Thus,  it  was  clear  that  credit  was  to  be  given  to   those
certificates as a part of the interview.  The  respondents,  therefore,  can
not make any grievance that they were taken by surprise by giving of 7  (out
of 25) marks for such certificates to the  successful  candidates.  Nor  can
the respondents say  that  any  prejudice  is  caused  to  them,  since  all
candidates having such certificates were uniformly given 5  and/or  2  marks
for the certificates, and those who were not  having  them  were  not  given
such marks. The process cannot, therefore, be called arbitrary.
24.         The decisions rendered by the High Court were erroneous for  one
more reason. In the present case, the interview was to be of 25 marks.   The
view which has appealed to the Learned Judges of the High Court  would  mean
that the cut-off marks (say 50%) will have to be obtained out of  18  marks,
whereas the advertisement clearly stated that the cut-off marks  had  to  be
obtained in  the  Written  Test  and  the  Personal  Interview.  This  meant
obtaining cut-off marks out of 25 marks set out for interview as well.   The
consequence of the view which is accepted by the High Court will be that  it
may as  well  happen  that  candidates  who  did  not  have  the  NCC/Sports
certificates or any computer course certificates will  obtain  higher  marks
out of 18 marks, and will top the list. On the  other  hand  the  candidates
who have these certificates may not get the cut-off  marks  out  of  18,  or
even if they get those marks, they may land at the lower level in the inter-
se seniority in the merit order for selection. This was certainly not  meant
to be achieved by  the  selection  process,  when  these  certificates  were
declared in advance as ‘desirable’.
25.              In the impugned order the Division  Bench  has  recommended
in its judgment, as quoted above that  the  proficiency  of  the  candidates
producing certificates be assessed on a scale of 0 to  5.   That  will  mean
holding one more test as far as computer course  certificate  is  concerned,
or asking the candidates concerned to exhibit their skill  in  a  particular
sport or  as  NCC  Cadet.   That  was  certainly  not  contemplated  in  the
advertisement.   The  advertisement   only   stated   that   the   NCC/Sport
certificate and the computer course certificate recognised  by  AICTE/DOEACC
were desirable.  The call-letter specifically  stated  they  will  be  given
credit at the time of interview. The Joint Recruitment Cell did not want  to
go behind those certificates once they were  from  the  proper  authorities,
and therefore, the interview board fairly  granted  all  the  marks  to  the
candidates who produced those certificates, making them a component  out  of
25 marks. It cannot be disputed that the appellants have applied  a  uniform
standard. The respondents who had filed the petition  were  all  constables.
The posts of Security  Assistants  were  being  filled  from  amongst  them.
Although, dress, manners and appearance  was  given  6  marks,  behavior  in
communication was allotted 6 marks and general awareness  and  knowledge  of
duties  involved  in  security  service  was  allotted  6  marks,  what  was
‘desirable’ was having the NCC/Sports or Computer  course  certificate.   It
was  for  the  Lok  Sabha  and  Rajya  Sabha  Secretariat  to  decide   what
qualifications they expected in  the  Security  Assistants.  They  did  want
persons with Sports/NCC and Computer course  certificates.  Therefore,  they
specifically mentioned those  certificates  as  desirable.   Specifying  5+2
marks for these certificates was in consonance  with  the  objective  to  be
achieved. The method  followed  by  the  interview  board  in  giving  these
certificates 7 out of 25 marks cannot,  therefore,  be  faulted  as  denying
equal  opportunity  in  the  matter  of   public   employment.    Dissimilar
candidates could not be expected to receive similar treatment. Thus, in  the
present process of selection, there is no breach either of Article 14 or  16
of the Constitution of India.
26.         What the High Court has done is to impose  its  own  reading  of
the requirements of the selection process on to  the  interview  board.   It
was for the interview board to decide which method to follow. The  interview
board had followed a particular pattern earlier in the year 2006, which  was
upheld by a Single Judge and the Division Bench of  Delhi  High  Court.  The
interview board was following the same pattern. We may at this  stage  refer
to an order passed by this Court in Haryana Public  Service  Commission  Vs.
Amarjeet Singh reported in 1999 SCC (L&S) 1451.  In that  matter  the  issue
was with respect to the selection for the  post  of  Agricultural  Engineers
and Subject Matter  Specialists  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture.   The
Haryana  Public  Service  Commission  had   allocated   marks   for   higher
qualification and specialized training to the extent of 40%  of  the  marks.
The High Court had interfered therewith as being arbitrary and directed  the
Commission to send the names of Respondent Nos.  1  and  2  for  appointment
after stating as to what marks should have been  allotted  to  them  in  the
interview.  This Court held that though the standard adopted by  the  Public
Commission may be defective, the same standard was applied to all,  and  did
not prejudice Respondents Nos. 1 and 2 or any of the candidates.  The  Court
observed that:-
           “3…….When uniform process had been adopted in respect of all and
      selections had been made, it was highly  inappropriate  for  the  High
      Court to have examined the  matter  in  further  detail  and  to  have
      allocated marks to the two  candidates  and  thereafter  directed  the
      appellant Commission to select them.”

27.         In Barot VijayKumar Balakrishna and  Ors.  Vs.  Modh  VinayKumar
Dasrathlal and Ors. reported in 2011 (7) SCC  308  the  Rules  framed  under
Article 309 of the Constitution governing  the  selection  process  for  the
posts of Assistant Public Prosecutor in the State of Gujarat  mandated  that
there would be minimum qualifying marks each for the written  test  and  the
oral  interview.   In  that  case  cut-off  marks  for  viva-voce  were  not
specified in the advertisement.   As observed by  this  Court,  in  view  of
that omission, there were only two courses open.  One, to carry on with  the
selection process, and to complete it without fixing any cut-off  marks  for
the viva-voce, and to prepare the select list on the basis of the  aggregate
of marks obtained by the candidates in the written test and the  viva  voce.
That would have been clearly wrong, and in violation of the statutory  rules
governing the selection.  The other course was to fix the cut-off marks  for
the viva voce, and to notify the  candidates  called  for  interview.   This
course was adopted by the commission just  two  or  three  days  before  the
interview.  Yet, it did not cause  any  prejudice  to  the  candidates,  and
hence the Court did not interfere in the selection process.  In the  present
matter it was made clear in the call letters that the relevant  certificates
will be given credit at the time of interview, since they were  ‘desirable’,
and therefore there was no question of any prejudice or lack of fairness  on
the part of the interview board  in  giving  the  specified  marks  for  the
certificates.
28.         Having noted this factual and legal scenario, in our view  there
was nothing wrong in the method applied by the appellants in  the  Selection
of  the  Security  Assistants  Grade-II.   There   was   no   discrimination
whatsoever among the candidates called for the interview, nor any  departure
from the advertised requirements.   One  can  always  say  that  some  other
method would have been a better method, but it is not the job of  the  Court
to substitute what it thinks to be appropriate for that which the  selecting
authority has decided as desirable.  While taking care of the rights of  the
candidates, the Court cannot lose sight of  the  requirements  specified  by
the selecting authority.  What the High Court has proposed in  the  impugned
orders amounts to re-writing the rules  for  selection,  which  was  clearly
impermissible while exercising the power of judicial review.
29.         For the reasons stated above we allow this appeal and  set-aside
the impugned judgments of the Single Judge as well as that of  the  Division
Bench. Writ Petition bearing No. 4835 of 2011 filed by the respondents  will
stand dismissed.  In the facts of the case however, there will be  no  order
as to costs.




                                       …………..……………………..J.
                                       [ G.S. Singhvi]


                                       …………………………………..J.
                                       [ H.L. Gokhale  ]

New Delhi
Dated : February 11, 2013



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