Legal Document View

Unlock Advanced Research with PRISMAI

- Know your Kanoon - Doc Gen Hub - Counter Argument - Case Predict AI - Talk with IK Doc - ...
Upgrade to Premium
[Cites 13, Cited by 0]

Custom, Excise & Service Tax Tribunal

U E M India Ltd vs Delhi Ii on 12 August, 2021

Author: Dilip Gupta

Bench: Dilip Gupta

                                          1


       CUSTOMS, EXCISE & SERVICE TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL
                          NEW DELHI

                                  PRINCIPAL BENCH
                   SERVICE TAX APPEAL NO. 50293 OF 2016

     (Arising out of Order-in-Original No. DL SV TAX002COM0011516dated 27.10.2015
     passed by Commissioner of Service Tax, Delhi-II)


     M/s. UEM India Limited                                           ...Appellant


                                           Versus

     Commissioner, Service Tax                                        ...Respondent
     Commissionerate, Delhi-II


     APPEARANCE:

     Shri B. L. Narasimhan, Advocate for the Appellant
     Shri R. K. Majhi, Authorized Representative for the Respondent


     CORAM:

     HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA, PRESIDENT
     HON'BLE MR. P V SUBBA RAO, MEMBER (TECHNICAL)

                                                     Date of Hearing: July 12, 2021
                                                     Date of Decision: August 12, 2021


                             FINAL ORDER No. 51732/2021


     JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA:



            The      order      dated         27.10.2015         passed     by      the
                                                                 1
     Commissioner         of   Service        Tax,    Delhi-II        confirming    the

     demand of service tax of Rs. 2,34,79,557/- under the proviso

     to section 73(1) of the Finance Act, 1994 2 with interest and

     penalty has been assailed in this appeal filed by M/s. UEM

     India Limited3.



1.   the Commissioner
2.   the Finance Act
3.   the appellant
                                  2


     2.     The appellant is engaged in the construction of Sewage

     Treatment Plant4, Effluent Treatment Plant5 and laying down of

     Sewage pipelines for various customers, including several

     government bodies.

     3.     In the year 2009, an investigation was initiated with

     respect to the activities undertaken by the appellant on which

     service tax was not discharged. These activities related to

     construction of STP, ETP and sewage systems, in respect of

     which a demand of service       tax   was    made by alleging that

     the construction undertaken       was      commercial       in    nature

     and would qualify as a taxable service under the category of

     'commercial or industrial construction service6, defined under

     section 65(25b) of the Finance Act and made taxable under

     section 65(105)(zzq) of the Finance Act. Accordingly, three

     show cause notices were issued to the appellant for the

     period prior to 30.06.2012. The demands proposed in these

     notices were dropped by the Tribunal by an order dated

     17.01.2019.

     4.     The present show cause notice dated 22.05.2014 has

     been issued for the subsequent period July 2012 to March

     2013 in continuation of the previous show cause notices

     and     proposes   a   demand         of    service   tax        of   Rs.

     17,92,08,222/- on the services, which include construction

     of STPs, ETPs, and laying of sewage pipes, rendered to

     Government bodies and other entities.


4.   STP
5.   ETP
6.   CICS
                                   3


5.   The appellant filed a detailed reply contesting the

demand on the ground that the services rendered by it

were exempt by virtue of a Notification dated 20.06.2012

that was issued in exercise of the powers conferred by

section 93(1) of the Finance Act.

6.   The demand of service tax, where the services were

rendered to Governmental authorities, has been dropped

by   the   Commissioner      on       the   basis   of   the   exemption

available under Serial No. 12 of the aforesaid Notification

dated 20.06.2012. However, demands in respect of three

entities were confirmed and the benefit claimed by the

appellant under Serial No. 13(d) of the said Notification

was denied. The relevant portion of this Notification dated

20.06.2012 is reproduced below:

                 "Notification No. 25/2012-ST, Dated 20-6-2012
           In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of
           section 93 of the Finance Act, 1994 (32 of the 1994)
           (hereinafter referred to as the said Act) and in
           supersession of notification number 12/2012-Service Tax,
           dated the 17th March, 2012, published in the Gazette of
           India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i)
           vide number G.S.R. 210(E), dated the 17 th March, 2012,
           the Central Government, being satisfied that it is
           necessary in the public interest so to do, hereby
           exempts the following taxable services from the
           whole of the service tax leviable thereon under
           section 66B of the said Act, namely:-
           1 to 12      xxxxxxx
           13. Service provided by way of construction, erection,
           commissioning, installation, completion, fitting out, repair,
           maintenance, renovation, or alteration of,-
           (a)     xxxxxxx
           (b)     xxxxxxx
           (c)     xxxxxxx
           (d) a pollution control or effluent treatment plant, except
           located as a part of a factory; or a structure meant for
           funeral, burial or cremation of deceased;"
                                                    (emphasis supplied)
                                      4


7.     In terms of the Notification dated 20.06.2012, the

services provided by way of construction of a pollution

control or effluent treatment plant, except located as a

part of a factory, has been exempted from the whole of

the service tax leviable thereon under section 66B of the

Finance Act.

8.     The three services, in respect of which the demands

have been confirmed, are tabulated below:


Sl.    Service Recipient       Activity undertaken by the        Service Tax (in
No.                                     Appellant                     Rs.)
1.    ONGC Assam              Construction of ETPs in the oil        26,49,982
                              fields of ONGC, registered
2.    ONGC Ahmedabad          under the Mines Act, 1952              2,06,54,736

      National Building
3.                            Construction    of      Sewage         1,74,839
      Construction Company
                              Treatment Plant



9.     The findings, in regard to services at Serial No's. 1

and 2, namely construction of ETPs in the oil fields of

ONGC,      have     been      recorded       by    the    Commissioner             in

paragraphs 74 to 77 of the order. The benefit of the

Notification dated 20.06.2012 under Serial No. 13(d) has

been denied for the reason that the services have been

rendered in the factory area. The findings are reproduced

below:

             "74. I find that the noticee is not entitled for the
             exemption Notification as claimed of the following
             projects, the detail analysis report of the project
             wise is mentioned hereunder:-

             (a)    Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Ahmedabad:-
             As per the contract agreement the service recipient is Oil & Natural
             Gas Corporation Ltd., Ahmedabad and UEM is the service provider. As
             per the agreement the nature of work is Survey (per-engineering,
             preconstruction/ pre-installation and post installation), Design,
             Detailed Engineering, Procurement & supply, Transportation,
             Fabrication, Installation/erection Hook-up, Testing, Pre-commissioning,
                                   5


          Commissioning for Construction of Six Effluent Treatment Plant at
          Ahmedabd and Anlkleshwar assets, India and 7 years of operation and
          maintenance responsibility with details further described in part-IV of
          Bidding Document.

          (b)    Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Assam:- As per
          the contract agreement the service recipient is Oil & Natural Gas
          Corporation Ltd., Assam and UEM is the service provider. As per the
          agreement the nature of work is Survey (per-engineering,
          preconstruction/ pre-installation and post installation), Design,
          Detailed Engineering, Procurement & supply, Transportation,
          Fabrication, Installation/erection Hook-up, Testing, Pre-commissioning,
          Commissioning for Construction of One Effluent Treatment Plant and
          three Effluent Treatment Plant cum WIPs at Assam assets, India and 7
          years of operation and maintenance responsibility with details further
          described in part-IV of Bidding Document.

          75.   The noticee has claimed the exemption for Sl. No. 13(d)
          of exemption Notification No. 25/2012-S.T. dated 20-06-2012
          in the above mentioned both projects. Serial No. 13(d) of the
          exemption Notification is reproduced below:
                 "Services provided by way of construction, erection,
                 commissioning, installation, completion, fitting out, repair,
                 maintenance, renovation, or alteration of a pollution control or
                 effluent treatment plant, except located as a part of a factory;
                 or a structure meant for funeral, burial or cremation of
                 deceased"

          76.     On going through the nature of job defined in the
          contract with the ONGC i.e. Surveys (per-engineering, pre-
          construction/ pre-installation and post-installation), Design, Detailed
          Engineering procurement & supply, Transportation, Fabrication,
          Installation/   erection    Hook-up,     Testing,   Pre-commissioning,
          Commissioning for Construction are not covered in Sl. No. 13(d) of
          the exemption Notification mentioned above. It is hold that the
          benefit of exemption is not allowed if the service has been
          provided in the factory area. I find that definition of factory has not
          been defined in the notification No. 25/2012-S.T. dated 20-06-2012,
          however that the definition of factory has been defined under Section
          2(e) of the Central Excise Act, 1944 as follows:-

                 "factory means any premises, including the precincts thereof,
                 wherein or in any part of which excisable goods other than salt
                 are manufactured, or wherein or in any part of which any
                 manufacturing process connected with the production of these
                 goods is being carried on or is ordinarily carried on".
          77.     The noticee submitted the letter dated 10.09.2012 issued by
          ONGC that the operation in the oil failed falls under the Mines Act,
          1952 and does not falls under Factory Act, 1948. I find that the
          extraction of crude oil is also a part of the manufacturing
          activities and therefore as per definition of the Factory it falls
          within a factory premises. The benefit of the exemption Notification
          cannot be available to the noticee on the ground that the operation in
          the oil filed comes under the Mines Act, 1952. For Service Tax Rules/
          The Finance Act, 1994, the Factory Act, 1948 is not relevant."
                                                          (emphasis supplied)


10.   The findings in regard to the service at Serial No. 3,

namely construction of STPs for NBCC are contained in
                                    6


paragraphs      78    to    80    of    the    order      passed      by     the

Commissioner. The benefit of the Notification at Serial No.

13(d) has been denied for the reason that the contract was

for sewerage treatment plant, which is not for pollution

control. The findings are reproduced below:

            "78. National Building Construction Company Ltd. (NBCC):- As
            per the contract agreement the service recipient is National Building
            Construction Company Ltd. (NBCC) and UEM is the service provider.
            As per the agreement the nature of work is Design, construction,
            Erection, commissioning, Trial run including one year operation and
            maintenance works of Sewerage treatment plant on turnkey basis
            based on SBR Technology with PLC, SCADA system in Roorkee campus
            of IIT Roorkee (3.2 MLD) and DPT Saharanpur campus of IIT Roorkee
            (0.5 MLD).
            79.   The noticee has claimed the exemption for Sl. No. 13(d)
            of exemption Notification No. 25/2012-S.T. dated 20.06.2012
            in the above mentioned both projects. Serial No. 13(d) of the
            exemption Notification is reproduced below:
                  "Services provided by way of construction, erection,
                  commissioning, installation, completion, fitting out, repair,
                  maintenance, renovation, or alteration of a pollution control or
                  effluent treatment plant, except located as a part of a factory;
                  or a structure meant for funeral, burial or cremation of
                  deceased"


            80.    On going through the documents submitted by the, I observe
            that they were awarded to Design, construction, erection,
            commissioning, trial run including one year operation & maintenance
            works of sewerage treatment plant on turnkey basis on SBR
            technology with PLC, SCADA system in Roorkee Campus of IIT
            Roorkee (3.2 MLD and DPT Saharanpur campus of IIT Roorkee (0.5
            MLD). I find that the exemption is available for a Pollution
            control and the M/s. UEM India Ltd., nature of contract meant
            for sewerage treatment plant does not fulfil the requirement of
            the Notification."
                                                            (emphasis supplied)


11.   Shri B.L. Narasimhan, learned counsel for the appellant

made the following submissions under the following heads:

                                          A

                 Order is beyond the show cause notice

      (i)   Since the proposal in the show cause notice was

            solely    on   the    ground      that    the     appellant      was

            rendering commercial construction services,                      the
                                            7


                 impugned order has gone beyond the show cause

                 notice by confirming the demand on a                         wholly

                 different footing, namely that the ETPs constructed

                 by the appellant for ONGC were located in a factory

                 and the STP constructed for NBCC did not qualify

                 as an effluent treatment plant. To support this

                 contention that an order cannot go beyond the

                 show cause notice, reliance has been placed on

                 the following decisions:

                 a)     Reckitt & Coleman of India Ltd. vs. CCE7; and
                 b)     Toyo Engineering India Limited vs. CC, Mumbai8.

                                                B

                           ETPs Constructed for ONGC

     (i)   The only question is whether the oil fields of ONGC,

           which are registered under the Mines Act, would qualify

           as a 'factory'. As per section 65B of the Finance Act, in a

           situation where a word or expression is not defined

           under the Finance Act, reference may be drawn to the

           Excise Act under which a factory is a premise where

           'goods are either manufactured' or a 'process in relation

           to their manufacturing is undertaken'. Extraction of

           crude oil does not qualify as manufacture, as the activity

           involving extraction of natural resources would quality

           as 'production', which is independent and different to

           manufacture.      In     this       connection,   reliance   has    been

           placed on the following decisions:

7.   1996 (88) E.L.T. 641 (S.C.)
8.   2006 (201) E.L.T. 513 (S.C.)
                                          8


                  a)   Commissioner of Income Tax vs. NC Budharaja &
                       Co.9;
                  b)   Chowgule and Co. Private Limited vs. Union of
                       India10;
                  c)   Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Singareni Colleries
                       Limited11;
                  d)   Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Sesa Goa Limited12;
                  e)   Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Sesa Goa Limited,
                       DO Bandodkar and Songs Private Limited; and
                       Chowgule and Co. Limited13; and
                  f)   Chrestien Mica Industries Limited vs. State of Bihar
                       and Another14; and


           (ii)   The appellant has constructed ETPs in the mines of

                  ONGC, where ONGC is undertaking the exploration

                  and extraction of oil and natural gas. Thus, it can

                  reasonably be inferred that these premises are

                  mines, which are governed by the Mines Act and

                  mines cannot be equated to a 'factory'.

                                                     C

                                    STPs Constructed for NBCC

           (i)    An effluent treatment plant would also include STPs

                  and so benefit of exemption would be available in

                  respect of the projects undertaken for NBCC; and

           (ii) STP     is    set   up       for    the   purpose     of     removing

                  pollutants    and      contaminants          from     wastewater,

                  primarily    from      household         sewage.      It    includes

                  various     processes        so    as   to   obtain      clean   and



9.    (1993) 70 Taxman 312 (Supreme Court)
10.   1980 (11) TMI 61 (Supreme Court)
11.   1995 (11) TMI 36- Andhra Pradesh High Court
12.   (2005) 142 Taxman 16 (Supreme Court)
13.   2003 (7) TMI 30-Bombay High Court
14.   (1961) 12 STC 150.
                                         9


                   environment safe treated waste water. Hence, STP

                   may be understood as a Wastewater Treatment

                   Plant;

                                                 D

                                      Other Submissions

            (i)    The appellant is entitled to cum-tax benefit; and


            (ii) As      the   order    has     dropped     majority    of   the

                   demands, it shows bona fide on the part of the

                   appellant     and,       therefore,    no    penalties    are

                   imposable.


      12.   Shri R.K. Majhi, learned Authorised Representative for

      the respondent made the following submissions:



            (i)    The order has not travelled beyond the show

                   cause notice. The appellant had knowledge of

                   charges and they replied accordingly. In this

                   connection    reliance      has   been      placed   on   the

                   judgment      of     the      Delhi     High     Court     in

                   Commissioner of Service Tax vs. ICT Ltd15;


            (ii)   The contention of the appellant that it would be

                   entitled to exemption under Serial No. 13(d) of

                   the Notification dated 20.06.2012 is not correct

                   as oil fields of ONGC would qualify as a 'factory';

                   and


            (iii) The effluent treatment plant will not include STPs

15.   2014 (36) STR 481 (Del.)
                              10


           and so the exemption under Serial No. 13(d) of

           the Notification dated 20.06.2012 would not be

           available to the appellant.


13.   The submissions advanced on behalf of the appellant

and the Department have been considered.

                                     A

              Order is beyond the show cause notice


14.   The first contention raised by the learned counsel for

the appellant would be examined, if considered necessary,

after the second and the third submissions relating to ETPs

constructed for ONGC and STPs constructed for NBCC are

decided, because in case these two matters are decided in

favour of the appellant it may not be necessary to examine

whether the order went beyond the show cause notice.

                               B
                   ETPs constructed for ONGC

15.   As noticed above, the demand for ETPs constructed

for ONGC has been confirmed for the reason that the

appellant has constructed the ETPs at the oil fields of

ONGC, which qualify as factory, and would, therefore, not

be exempt under Serial No. 13(d) of the Notification dated

20.06.2012.

16.   It is seen that the exemption is available under the

Notification dated 20.06.2012 under Serial No. 13(d) for

construction of an ETP, except when located as a part of a

factory.   There   is   no   doubt   that   the   appellant   was
                                            11


      constructing ETPs at the location of the oil exploration

      wells (on-shore) of ONGC. The issue that needs to be

      decided is whether the oil fields of ONGC, which are

      registered       under    the    Mines      Act,     would    qualify      as   a

      'factory'. The term 'factory' has neither been defined under

      the   Notification       nor    under     the     Finance    Act,    However,

      section 65B of the Finance Act provides that in a situation

      where a word or expression is not defined under the

      Finance Act, reference may be drawn to the Central Excise

      Act, 194416.

      17.   Section 2(e) of the Excise Act defines 'factory' as

      under:

                         "(e) "factory" means any premises, including the
                         precincts thereof, wherein or in any part of which
                         excisable goods are manufactured, or wherein or in
                         any part of which any manufacturing process
                         connected with the production of these goods is
                         being carried on or is ordinarily carried on."


      18.   A close reading of section 2(e) of the Excise Act would

      show that the factory can be divided into two types:-

                  (a)    Premises (or precincts thereof) where excisable goods are
                         manufactured; or

                  (b)    Premises (or part thereof) where a manufacturing process
                         connected with the production of goods is carried out.


      19.   Thus, a factory is a premise where 'excisable goods are

      either   manufactured'          or   a    'process   in   relation    to   their

      manufacturing is undertaken'. Extraction of crude oil would

      not   qualify     as     'manufacture'       as    the    activity   involving

      extraction of natural resources would qualify as 'production',

      which is independent and different from 'manufacture'.

16.   the Excise Act
                                  12


20.   Undertaking of an activity which results in emergence of

a new commodity may amount to 'manufacture', such as in

the case of manufacturing of medicines or cosmetics or

textile. However, extracting of natural resources, including

crude oil would amount to 'production' and not 'manufacture'.

21.   In NC Budharaja, the Supreme Court explained the

difference   between       'production'       and     'manufacture'          and

observed that even though 'manufacture' would necessarily

amount to 'production', it is not necessary that 'production'

would   always    tantamount          to   manufacture.       The     relevant

portion of the decision is reproduced below:

                 "In short, the limited question is whether the
                 construction of a dam to store water (reservoir) can be
                 characterised as amounting to manufacturing or
                 producing an article or articles, as the case may be. The
                 words 'manufacture' and 'production' have received
                 extensive judicial attention both under this-Act as well
                 as Central Excise Act and the various Sales Tax Laws.
                 The word 'production' has a wider connotation than the
                 word 'manufacture'. While every manufacture can be
                 characterised as production, every production need not
                 amount to manufacture."


22.   Reference can also be made to the decision of the

Supreme Court in Chowgule. The dispute was whether the

goods purchased by the assessee would qualify as goods

purchased for use in the 'manufacturing' process of goods.

The assessee was undertaking mining of ore, which was

washed, screened, transported, and mixed with different ores

to arrive at a particular specification. The Supreme Court held

that the process undertaken by the assessee would not

amount to 'manufacture'. The relevant portion of the decision

is reproduced below:

                 "5.    The test that is required to be applied is: does
                                   13


                 the processing of the original commodity bring into
                 existence a commercially different and distinct
                 commodity? On an application of this test, it is clear that
                 the blending of different qualities of ore processing
                 differing chemical and physical composition so as to
                 produce ore of the contractual specifications cannot be
                 said to involve the process of manufacture, since the ore
                 that is produced cannot be regarded as a commercially
                 new and distinct commodity from the ore of different
                 specifications blended together. What is produced as a
                 result of blending is commercially the same article,
                 namely, ore, though with different specifications than
                 the ore which is blended and hence it cannot be said
                 that any process of manufacture is involved in blending
                 of ore."


23.   In Singareni, the Andhra Pradesh High Court examined

whether    winning    or   excavation        of   coal    from      the    mines

amounted to production or manufacture. The High Court,

after placing reliance on the decision of the Supreme Court in

N.C. Budharaja, held that the mining or excavation of coal

would qualify as 'production'. The relevant portion of the

judgment is reproduced below:

                 "In Webster's New International Dictionary, the word
                 "produce" is defined as "something that is brought forth
                 or yielded either naturally or as a result of effort and
                 work". In Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, the
                 following meaning is given: "To bring forward, bring
                 forth or not; to bring into being or existence". The
                 meaning given in Black's Law Dictionary to the
                 expression "produce" is "To bring forward; to show or
                 exhibit; to bring into view or notice; to bring to the
                 surface".

                 Applying the principle of interpretation spelt out
                 by the Supreme Court in the aforementioned
                 decision and the ordinary meaning of the word
                 "produce" as disclosed by the dictionaries and by
                 its ordinary connotation, we have no doubt in our
                 mind that the activity of winning or excavating the
                 coal from the mines can be aptly described as
                 production activity. It is common to use the
                 expression that the coal or ore is produced from the
                 mine and the statistics of total production of coal or
                 other minerals are required to be given under the
                 statutory provisions governing mines and minerals."

                                                    (emphasis supplied)



24.   In Sesa Goa, the Supreme Court held that extraction of iron ore
                                       14


      would amount to 'production'. However, the Supreme Court had not

      addressed the question as to whether extraction of iron ore would

      amount to 'manufacture'.

      25.   In Chrestien Mica, the Supreme Court held that the process of

      mining mica would amount to 'production'.

      26.   Learned Authorised Representative appearing for the Department

      however, placed reliance upon the decision of the Supreme Court in

      Vikram Cement vs. Commissioner of Central Excise, Indore 17

      and the decision of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Ultra Tech

      Cement Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Central Excise, Hyderabad18 to

      contend that captive mines are integral part of factory.

      27.   In    Vikram   Cement,    the    Supreme   Court     observed   that

      Modvat/CENVAT credit on capital goods, if the mines are captive mines

      so that they constitute one integrated unit together with the concerned

      cement factory, will be available to the assessee.

      28.   In Ultra Tech Cement, the Andhra Pradesh High Court followed

      the decision of the Supreme Court in Vikram Cement.

      29.   The decision of the Supreme Court does not hold, as contended

      by the learned Authorised Representative, that captive mines are

      integral part of the factory.

      30.   Learned Authorised Representative appearing for the Department

      also placed reliance upon the decision of the Supreme Court in

      Collector    of   Central   Excise    vs. Rajasthan   State    Chemical

      Works19. The exemption under a Notification was available only when

      the goods were manufactured without the aid of power at any stage of


17.   2006 (197) E.L.T. 145 (S.C.)
18.   2014 (308) E.L.T. A121 (A.P.)
19.   1991 (55) E.L.T. 444 (S.C.)
                                   15


a process. The Supreme Court examined what activity would amount

to 'process' in or 'in relation to manufacture of goods' for the

application of the Notification. It is in this context that the Supreme

Court observed as follows:

                 11. Manufacture implies a change but every change is not
                 manufacture, yet every change of an article is the result of
                 treatment, labour and manipulation. Naturally, manufacture
                 is the end-result of one or more processes through which
                 the original commodities are made to pass. The nature and
                 extent of processing may vary from one class to another. There
                 may be several stages of processing, a different kind of
                 processing at each stage. With each process suffered the
                 original commodity experiences a change. Whenever a
                 commodity undergoes a change as a result of some operation
                 performed on it or in regard to it, such operation would amount
                 to processing of the commodity. But it is only when the
                 change or a series of changes take the commodity to the
                 point where commercially it can no longer be regarded
                 as the original commodity but instead is recognised as a
                 new and distinct article that a manufacture can be said
                 to take place.

                 12. Manufacture thus involves series of processes. Process in
                 manufacture or in relation to manufacture implies not only the
                 production but the various stages through which the raw
                 material is subjected to change by different operations. It is the
                 cumulative effect of the various processes to which the raw
                 material is subjected to, manufactured product emerges.
                 Therefore, each step towards such production would be a
                 process in relation to the manufacture. Where any particular
                 process is so integrally connected with the ultimate production
                 of goods that but for that process manufacture or processing of
                 goods would be impossible or commercially inexpedient, that
                 process is one in relation to the manufacture.

                 13. The natural meaning of the word `process' is a
                 mode of treatment of certain materials in order to
                 produce a good result, a species of activity performed on
                 the subject-matter in order to transform or reduce it to a
                 certain stage. According to Oxford Dictionary one of the
                 meanings of the word `process' is "a continuous and regular
                 action or succession of actions taking place or carried on in a
                 definite manner and leading to the accomplishment of some
                 result." The activity contemplated by the definition is perfectly
                 general requiring only the continuous or quick succession. It is
                 not one of the requisites that the activity should involve
                 some operation on some material in order to its
                 conversion to some particular stage. There is nothing in the
                 natural meaning of the word `process' to exclude its application
                 to handling. There may be a process which consists only in
                 handling and there may be a process which involves no
                 handling or not merely handling but use or also use. It may be
                 a process involving the handling of the material and it need not
                 be a process involving the use of material. The activity may be
                 subordinate but one in relation to the further process of
                 manufacture.

                 16.   A process is a manufacturing process when it brings
                                   16


                  out a complete transformation for the whole components
                  so as to produce a commercially different article or a
                  commodity. But, that process itself may consist of several
                  processes which may or may not bring about any change at
                  every intermediate stage. But the activities or the operations
                  may be so integrally connected that the final result is the
                  production of a commercially different article. Therefore, any
                  activity or operation which is the essential requirement and is
                  so related to the further operations for the end-result would
                  also be a process in or in relation to manufacture to attract the
                  relevant clause in the exemption notification. In our view, the
                  word `process' in the context in which it appears in the
                  aforesaid notification includes an operation or activity in
                  relation to manufacture.

                                                           (emphasis supplied)



31.   Thus, what follows from the above decisions is that there is a

distinction between 'production' and 'manufacture' and extraction of

natural resources (including crude oil) would amount to 'production'

and not 'manufacture'.

32.   Keeping in mind the aforesaid principles, it has to be determined

whether a premise where only production takes place, would qualify as

a factory. As noticed above, a factory would include a premise where

excisable goods are manufactured or where a manufacturing process in

connection with production of goods is carried out.

33.   Thus, when the activity in relation to extraction of natural

resources does not amount to manufacture the first part of the

definition of factory would not be applicable. The scope of the second

part which includes a manufacturing process in connection with

production of goods caters to post-production processes which are in

relation to 'manufacture'. This would include activities such as washing

of coal; or withering of tea leaves; or refining of crude oil. This would

be a manufacturing process, which is in connection with production.

34.   The definition of 'factory' caters to manufacturing processes in

respect of both, manufactured and 'non-manufactured goods'. In case
                                   17


of manufactured goods, the premise where the manufacturing activity

is undertaken would qualify as a factory. In case of non-manufactured

goods such as natural resources, the premises where the post-

production   processes   take   place     towards   making    the   produce

commercially viable would qualify as a factory.

35.   It, therefore, follows that the oil fields of ONGC, where only

extraction of crude oil takes places, would not qualify as a 'factory'.

36.   The Commissioner, therefore, committed an error in denying the

benefit under Serial No. 13(d) of the Notification dated 20.06.2012.

                                  C
                   STPs Constructed for NBCC

37.   In regard to the STPs constructed by the appellant for NBCC, the

exemption under Notification dated 20.06.2012 has been denied for

the reason that the exemption is available only in respect of 'pollution

control plants' and ETPs, and since STP is neither a pollution control

plant nor an ETP, the benefit would not be available to the appellant.

38.   It is a fact that the STP is set up for the purpose of removing

pollutants   and   contaminants        from   wastewater,   primarily   from

household sewage. It includes various processes so as to obtain clean

and environment safe treated waste water. Hence, STP may be

understood as a Wastewater Treatment Plant.

39.   Oxford Dictionary of English (Third Edition)s defines 'sewage'

as 'waste water and excrement conveyed in severs'.

40.   English Dictionary for Advanced Learners defines 'sewage'

as 'sewage is waste matter such as faeces or dirty water from homes

and factories, which flows away through sewers'.

41.   To understand whether STP would also be covered under the
                                     18


scope of ETP, it is necessary to find out the meaning of the term

'effluent'.

42.   Cambridge Dictionary defines 'effluent' as under:

                    "liquid waste that is sent out from factories or places
                    where sewage is dealt with, usually flowing into rivers,
                    lakes, or the sea."

43.   The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines 'effluent' as follows:

                    "effluent noun
                    Definition of effluent (entry 2 of 2)
                    : something that flows out: such as
                    a: an outflowing branch of a main stream of lake
                    b: waste material (such as smoke, liquid industrial refuse, or
                    sewage) discharged into the environment especially when
                    serving as a pollutant"



44.   The Oxford Dictionary of English (Third Edition), defines

'sewage' as follows:

                    "Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea:
                    industrial effluent"
                    "Contamination with trade effluents"


45.   It follows that 'effluent' means any waste material which is

discharged into the environment (lake or river), including sewage. A

treatment plant for management of effluent would, therefore, also

include a sewage treatment plant.

46.   The Commissioner failed to appreciate the purpose of both the

treatment processes. The exemption benefit provided by Notification

dated 20.06.2012 at Serial No. 13(d) would, therefore, be available to

the appellant.

47.   In this view of the matter, it would not be necessary to examine

the contention raised at 'A' by the learned counsel for the appellant

that relates to the order being beyond the show cause notice.

48.   Thus,   for    the   reasons       stated   above,   the    Commissioner

committed an illegality in denying the benefit of the Notification dated
                                 19


20.06.2012 at Serial No. 13(d) to the appellant for ETPs constructed

for ONGC and the STPs constructed for NBCC. The impugned order

dated 27.10.2015 passed by the Commissioner, therefore, cannot be

sustained and is set aside. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed.


                  (Order Pronounced on 12.08.2021)




                                              (JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA)
                                                         PRESIDENT




                                                   (P V SUBBA RAO)
                                                MEMBER (TECHNICAL)
JB
                                   20




  CUSTOMS, EXCISE & SERVICE TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL
                     NEW DELHI

                           PRINCIPAL BENCH
             SERVICE TAX APPEAL NO. 50293 OF 2016

(Arising out of Order-in-Original No. DL SV TAX002COM0011516dated 27.10.2015
passed by Commissioner of Service Tax, Delhi-II)


M/s. UEM India Limited                                   ...Appellant


                                  Versus

Commissioner, Service Tax                                ...Respondent
Commissionerate, Delhi-II


APPEARANCE:

Shri B. L. Narasimhan, Advocate for the Appellant
Shri R. K. Majhi, Authorized Representative for the Respondent

CORAM:

HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA, PRESIDENT
HON'BLE MR. P. ANJANI KUMAR, MEMBER (TECHNICAL)

                                        Date of Hearing: July 06, 2021
                                       Date of Decision: August 12, 2021


                                  ORDER

Order pronounced.

(JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA) PRESIDENT (P. ANJANI KUMAR) MEMBER (TECHNICAL) JB