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[Cites 7, Cited by 0]

Gujarat High Court

Vikas Shipping Corporation & vs Union Of India & 3 on 7 September, 2017

Author: Akil Kureshi

Bench: Akil Kureshi, Biren Vaishnav

                  C/SCA/6854/2008                                             JUDGMENT




                    IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                       SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 6854 of 2008



         FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:



         HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE AKIL KURESHI


         and
         HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE BIREN VAISHNAV

         ==========================================================

         1     Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed
               to see the judgment ?

         2     To be referred to the Reporter or not ?

         3     Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of
               the judgment ?

         4     Whether this case involves a substantial question of
               law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of
               India or any order made thereunder ?

         ==========================================================
                     VIKAS SHIPPING CORPORATION & 1....Petitioner(s)
                                        Versus
                           UNION OF INDIA & 3....Respondent(s)
         ==========================================================
         Appearance:
         MR S M SOJATWALA, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s) No. 1 - 2
         MR DEVANG VYAS, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 1
         MR NIKUNT K RAVAL, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 1
         MRS MAUNA M BHATT, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 2 - 4
         ==========================================================

             CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE AKIL KURESHI
                    and
                    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE BIREN VAISHNAV


                                          Page 1 of 20

HC-NIC                                  Page 1 of 20     Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017
               C/SCA/6854/2008                                              JUDGMENT




                                   Date : 07/09/2017


                                  ORAL JUDGMENT

(PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE AKIL KURESHI)

1. The  petitioner  has  challenged  an  order  dated  11.12.2007  passed  by  the  Settlement  Commission  ("the   Commission" 

for short).  In the alternative, the petitioner has prayed for  a relief that the income­tax authorities be prevented from  using the confidential information and report prepared by  the   petitioner   and   produced   before   the   Settlement  Commission. 

2. Facts   of   the   case   are   as   under.   The   petitioner   is   a  partnership   firm.   The   petitioner   had   applied   to   the  Commission   for   settlement   of   its   disputed   assessment  proceedings   for   the   assessment   year   1997­1998,   1998­ 1999 and for the block period ending on 10.12.1997. It is  undisputed that the hearing in the proceedings before the  Settlement  Commission  was  completed  on 8.11.2006  and  the proceedings were pending for final order to be passed  by the Settlement Commission.

3. When   the   proceedings   were   thus   pending   before   the  Commission,   certain   amendments   were   made   in   Chapter  Page 2 of 20 HC-NIC Page 2 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT XIX­A   of   the   Act   pertaining   to   settlement   of   cases.   The  amendments   relevant   for   our   purpose   were   that   the  assessee   who   had   applied   for   settlement   would   pay   the  additional tax and interest on the income disclosed before  the   Settlement   Commission   on   31.7.2007.   Instead   of   the  assessee's   responsibility   to   pay   the   same   for   which   the  statute did not provide any final time limit, the statute now  provided   for   abatement   of   the   settlement   proceedings   if  such amount was not paid within the prescribed time. As  per   sub­section(3)   of   section     245HA   which   was   newly  inserted, the material produced by the assessee before the  Settlement   Commission   and   that   collected   by   the  Settlement   Commission   through   inquiries   pending   the  settlement proceedings and the evidence brought on record  could be utilised by the Assessing Officer or the income­tax  authority   in   proceeding   further   with   the   pending   cases,  once   the   proceedings   before   the   Settlement   Commission  abates.

4. Since the settlement  application  of the petitioner was not  disposed of by the time these statutory amendments were  made,   the   Settlement   Commission   wrote   a   letter   to   the  petitioner on 13.7.2007 in which it was stated as under :

"In   connection   with   your   above   mentioned   application  under   the   provision   of   sub­section(4)   of   section   245D   of  Page 3 of 20 HC-NIC Page 3 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT Income­tax Act, 1961, you are hereby given an opportunity  to be heard by the Settlement Commission on 07.08.2007  at   11.00AM   in   the   Court   room   of   the   Income   Tax  Settlement Commission, Additional Bench, Mumbai.
2)     You   may   appear   before   the   Income   Tax   Settlement  Commission   either  in  person   or   through   a representative  duly authorised in this behalf.
3)  If the appellant or Commissioner of Income­tax wish to  rely   on   any   evidence/documents/   paper   etc.   during   the  hearing, the same should be furnished to the  Commission  in the form of a paper book in six (6) copies duly indexed  and  page  numbered  at least  one  week  before  the  date  of  hearing.
4)  Please note that if you want to seek adjournment of the  date of hearing, then application in this regard along with  detailed   reasons   must   be   received   in   the   Commission   at  least   ten(10)   days   before   the   date   of   hearing   and   paper  book, if any, must also be filed, failing which adjournment  may not be allowed."

5. It   can   be   seen   from   the   footnote   of   this   letter,   a   copy  thereof   was   forwarded   to   the   income­tax   authorities,   in  particular,   the   CIT,   Ahmedabad,   who   was   requested   "to  state the position of payment of taxes & interest as per the  provision of section  245(2D)  at the time of hearing before  the Commissioner". The petitioner replied to the said letter  on 13.7.2007 itself. As per its own letter dated 31.7.2007,  in   response   to   the   notice   issued   by   the   Settlement  Commission, the petitioner stated as under : 

Page 4 of 20
HC-NIC Page 4 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT "1. A notice fixing the hearing in the aforesaid settlement  application has been received by us on 13.07.2007 as per  which the matter is fixed for hearing on 07.08.2007.
2.     We   have   to   respectfully   submit   that   the   hearing  u/s245D(4)   in   our   aforesaid   settlement   application   was  concluded on 08.11.2006 at the  Ahmedabad camp. At the  conclusion   of   the   hearing,   the   Hon'ble   Members   had  announced that the hearing has been concluded and that  the order u/s 245D(4) would be passed.
3. In the circumstances, we have been awaiting the order  u/s245D(4).   We   request   that   the   orders   passed   in   the  settlement application be forwarded to us at an early date.
4. In the  circumstances,  the present  notice  of hearing,  it  appears has been issued wrongly."

6. The   Settlement   Commission   passed   the   impugned   order  dated 11.12.2007 by which the Commission declared that  the proceedings had abated due to non compliance by the  petitioner   with   the   provisions   of   section   245D(2D)   of   the  Act   and   the   Assessing   Officer   would   now   dispose   of   the  case in accordance with the provisions of sub­sections 23  and   4   of   section   245HA.   It   is   in   this   background   the  petitioner   has   challenged   the   said   order   of   Settlement  Commission. In the alternative, the petitioner prayed that  the  material  produced  before  the  Commission  should  not  be   allowed  to  be   used   by  the   income­tax   authorities.   We  may notice that the petitioner has not challenged the vires  of any of the statutory provisions contained in the Finance  Page 5 of 20 HC-NIC Page 5 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT Act,   2007.   We   had   in   a  separate   judgment   passed   today  had   an   occasion   to   consider   the   vires   of   these   very  amendments applicable in the present case including sub­ section(3)   of   section   245HA.   We   had   upheld   the   vires  making the following observations :

"11.   Prior   to   1.6.2007   amendment,   there   was   no  requirement for an assessee to make payment of additional  tax   with   interest   along   with   the   application   filed   under  sub­section(1)   of   section   245C   of   the   Act,   though   sub­ sections (1B), (1C) and (1D) provided the manner in which  such   additional   tax   and   interest   would   be   computed.  Under   sub­section   (2A)   of   section   245D,   the   assessee  within thirty­five days of the receipt of a copy of the order  under   sub­section(1)   of   section   245D   allowing   the  application   to   be   proceeded   with,   would   have   to   pay   the  additional   amount   of   income­tax   payable   on   the   income  disclosed in the application and furnish proof thereof to the  Settlement Commission.  Under sub­section (2B) of section  245D, the Settlement Commission had the power to extend  the   time   limit   for   payment   of   additional   tax   if   it   was  satisfied that the assessee for good and sufficient reasons  was unable to pay the same.   The Commission could also  grant installments. As per sub­section(2C) of section 245D,  whenever   additional   tax   was   not   paid   within   the   time  prescribed  under  sub­section(2A),    irrespective  of the fact  whether the Settlement Commission had extended the time  for payment, the assessee would be liable to simple interest  at   the   prescribed   rate   on   the   amount   which   remained  unpaid.   After   the   expiry   of   the   period   specified   in   sub­ section(2A),   under   sub­section(2D)   of   section   245D,   the  additional   tax   which   remained   unpaid   within   the   time  specified   under   section   (2A)   or   within   the   extended   time  allowed   by   the   Commission   under   sub­section(2B),   the  Commission   would   direct   that   the   amount   remaining  Page 6 of 20 HC-NIC Page 6 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT unpaid with interest be recovered and it will also be open  for the Commission to impose penalty for non payment of  such   amount.   Neither   section   245D   nor   any   other  provisions   contained   in   Chapter   XIX­A   provided   for   any  further consequence of non payment of additional tax and  at any rate the statute did not envisage that the settlement  application   would   abate   on   account   of   non­payment.   We  may notice that under sub­section(1A)  of section  245H,  if  the   assessee   fails   to   pay   the   sum   specified   by   the  Settlement Commission in its order under sub­section(4) of  section   245D   within   the   specified   or   extended   time,   the  immunity   granted   by   the   Commission   from   penalty   or  prosecution   be   withdrawn.   Under   section   245J,   the  amount ordered by the Settlement Commission to be paid  under sub­section(4) of section 245D could be recovered by  the   department   in   accordance   with   the   provisions  contained in Chapter XVII of the Act.
12.   There   were   significant   changes   in   these   statutory  provisions with effect from 1.6.2007. Under sub­section(1)  of section 245C, now the assessee applying  for settlement  of his case,  would  pay the additional  tax and interest  on  the   income   disclosed   in   the   application   for   settlement.  Proof  of   payment  would  be   attached   with   the   application  itself. Though certain changes have been introduced also in  sub­sections   1A   to   1D   of   section   245C   pertaining   to  computation   of   additional   tax   and   interest,   we   are   not  directly   concerned   with   such   changes.   Requirement   of  payment   of   additional   tax   with   interest   within   the  prescribed   time,   failure   of   which   would   result   into  abatement   of   the   proceedings   before   the   Settlement  Commission, was introduced by way of the newly inserted  sub­section(2A)   of   section   245D   of   the   Act   read   with  clause(ii)   of   sub­section(1)   of   section   245HA   of   the   Act.  Under sub­section(3) of section 245HA, upon abatement of  the   proceedings   before   the   Settlement   Commission   when  the   Assessing   Officer   proceeds   to   dispose   of   the   pending  cases, the Assessing Officer or other income­tax authority  Page 7 of 20 HC-NIC Page 7 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT would   be   entitled   to   use   material   and   other   information  produced   by   the   assessee   before   the   Settlement  Commission, as if such material had been produced before  the Assessing Officer or the authority as the case may be.  We may reproduce these relevant provisions : 
"245D xxx (2A) Where an application was made under section 245C  before the 1st day of June, 2007, but an order under the  provisions   of   sub­section   (1)   of   this   section,   as   they  stood   immediately   before   their   amendment   by   the  Finance  Act,   2007,   has  not   been  made  before   the  1st  day of June, 2007, such application shall be deemed to  have been allowed to be proceeded with if the additional  tax on the income disclosed in such application and the  interest   thereon   is   paid   on   or   before   the   31st   day   of  July, 2007.

Explanation.--In respect of the applications referred to  in this sub­section, the 31st day of July, 2007 shall be  deemed   to   be   the   date   of   the   order   of   rejection   or  allowing the application to be proceeded with under sub­ section (1).

245HA.   Abatement   of   proceeding   before   Settlement  Commission.­ (1) Where--

xxx

  (ii)   an   application   made   under   section   245C   has   not  been   allowed   to   be   proceeded   with   under   sub­section  (2A) or further proceeded with under sub­section (2D) of  section 245D; or  xxx the proceedings before the Settlement Commission shall  Page 8 of 20 HC-NIC Page 8 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT abate on the specified date.

Explanation.--For   the   purposes   of   this   sub­section,  "specified date" means--

 xxx

(b) in respect of an application referred to in clause (ii),  the 31st day of July, 2007;

xxx  (2) Where a proceeding before the Settlement Commission  abates, the Assessing Officer, or, as the case may be, any  other income­tax authority before whom the proceeding at  the   time   of   making   the   application   was   pending,   shall  dispose   of   the   case   in   accordance   with   the   provisions   of  this Act as if no application under section 245C had been  made.

(3)   For   the   purposes   of   sub­section   (2),   the   Assessing  Officer,   or,   as   the   case   may   be,   other   income­tax  authority, shall be entitled to use all the material and  other information produced by the assessee before the  Settlement   Commission   or   the   results   of   the   inquiry  held   or   evidence   recorded   by   the   Settlement  Commission in the course of the proceedings before it,  as  if such  material,  information, inquiry  and evidence  had been produced before the Assessing Officer or other  income­tax authority or held or recorded by him in the  course of the proceedings before him."

13. The comparison of the statutory provisions before and  after   amendment   with   effect   from   1.6.2007   would   show  that even earlier the assessee always had a liability to pay  the  tax  on  additional  income  disclosed  in the  application  for  settlement   filed   before   the  Commission.   Such   liability  would be discharged within thirty­five days of the receipt of  a copy of the order under sub­section(1) of section 245D. It  Page 9 of 20 HC-NIC Page 9 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT was   of­course   open   for   the   assessee   to   apply   to   the  Settlement   Commission   for   extension   of   time   or  installments  by making out good or sufficient reasons  for  being unable to pay the same within the prescribed time.  Whether   such   extension   was   granted   or   not,   in   terms   of  sub­section(2C)   of   section   245D,   the   assessee   would   be  liable to pay interest on the amount of tax which remained  unpaid   after   completion   of   prescribed   period.   The  Settlement   Commission   could   also   direct   payment   of   tax  with  interest  or even  impose  penalty  on the assessee  not  paying the same. The statutory provisions however, did not  provide for abatement of proceedings if the assessee failed  to   make   payment   of   tax   or   interest   nor   would   the  Settlement Commission refuse to dispose of the application  on the ground of non payment thereof. The fall out of non  payment   of   the  tax   and  interest  could  be   traced  to  Sub­ section(1A)   of   section   245H   as   per   which   the   immunity  granted   by   the   Settlement   Commission   to   any   person  would stand withdrawn if he failed to pay the sum specified  under the order of settlement passed under sub­section(4)  of section 245D. This would be independent of the recovery  that the department may carry out of such sum in terms of  section 245J of the Act.

14.   It   can   thus   be   seen   that   even   in   the   provisions  contained   prior   to   amendment   of   1.6.2007,   the   assessee  always had the liability to pay additional tax on the income  disclosed before the Settlement Commission. The result of  non payment  would be two fold. One, the immunity from  penalty   and   prosecution   if   granted   by   the   Settlement  Commission   would   stand   withdrawn   and   two,   the  department would recover the unpaid dues in accordance  with the provisions of Chapter XVII of the Act.

15.   Amending   such   statutory   provisions,   now   after  1.6.2007,   the   statute   requires   an   assessee   applying   for  settlement to make payment of additional tax with interest  while making application for settlement itself. In fact, sub­ Page 10 of 20 HC-NIC Page 10 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT section(1) of section 245C now requires that the applicant  would   produce   the   proof   of   the   payment   along   with   the  application. For those applications which were made before  1.6.2007,   a   special   provision   was   made   under   sub­ section(2A)  of section 245D granting time upto 31.7.2007  in   cases   where   no   order   under   sub­section(1)   of   section  245D  was passed before 1.6.2007 by providing that if the  additional  tax  on  the  income  disclosed  in the  application  with   interest   is   paid   before   31.7.2007,   such   application  shall   be   deemed   to   have   been   allowed   to   be   proceeded  further.   Newly   inserted   section   245HA   provides   for  abatement   of   proceeding   before   the   Settlement  Commission. Under clause (ii) of sub­section (1) of section  245HA,   an   application   made   under   section   245C   which  has not been allowed to be proceeded further under sub­ section   (2A)   or   further   proceeded   with   under   sub­section  (2D) of section 245D, the proceedings before the Settlement  Commission  shall abate on the specified  date. As per the  explanation of the said sub­section, specified date in such  a case would mean 31st July, 2007. 

16.   It   is   not   difficult   to   appreciate   that   these   provisions  were   brought   into   the   statute   to   bring   in   a   greater  seriousness and in order to ensure that the applications for  settlement are pursued with due care and promptness. In  this context, we may also notice some of the other changes  simultaneously made in the said chapter. For example, in  the   substituted   sub­section   (1)   of   section   245D,   the  legislature introduced the concept of extremely short time  limits for crossing the first stage of allowing or not allowing  an   application   for   settlement   to   be   proceeded   further.  Under   this   provision,   on   receipt   of   an   application   under  section   245C,   the   Settlement   Commission   within   seven  days from the date of receipt of the application, shall issue  a notice to the applicant requiring him to explain why the  application  should  be allowed  to be proceeded  with.  After  hearing   the   applicant,   the   Settlement   Commission   would  within   fourteen   days   from   the   date   of   the   application,  Page 11 of 20 HC-NIC Page 11 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT either reject or allow the application to be proceeded with.  As   per   proviso   to   sub­section   (1)     if   no   order   has   been  passed   within   the   said   period   by   the   Settlement  Commission, the application shall be deemed to have been  allowed  to be proceeded further. Thus, the first threshold  examination   of   the   application   under   sub­section   (1)   of  section   245D   would   come   within   a   summary   time   frame  permitting no flexibility. If for some reason the Settlement  Commission   is   unable   to   pass   an   order   allowing   or   not  allowing   the   application   to   be   proceeded   further,   the  deeming fiction would apply and the application would be  deemed  to have  been  allowed  to be proceeded  with.  Sub­ section   (4A)   was   added   to   section   245D   requiring   the  Settlement Commission to pass an order under sub­section  (4)   within   a   time   frame.   The   applications   pending   at   the  time   of   statutory   changes   shall   be   decided   before   31st  March,   2008,   those   made   on   or   after   1st  June   2007   but  before   1st  June   2010,   would   be   decided   within   twelve  months from the end of the month in which the application  was   made.   In   cases   of   application   made   after   1st  June  2010, the same would be decided within eighteen months  from  the   end  of   the   month   in   which  the  application   was  made.  In terms  of clause  (iv) of sub­section  (1) of section  245HA, in case the Settlement Commission does not pass  order under sub­section (4) of section 245D within the time  prescribed  under sub­section  (4A), the proceedings  before  the Settlement Commission would abate. 

17.   We   are   conscious   that   the   said   time   limit   provisions  contained   in   the   amended   section   245D   of   the   Act   have  been explained by the Bombay High Court in case of  Star  Television   News   Ltd.  (supra)   reading   down   the   rigid  requirement holding that if the assessee is not responsible  for causing delay in disposal of the case,  the same would  not abate for the Settlement Commission not being able to  dispose   of   the   same   within   the   prescribed   time.  Nevertheless,  the legislative  intent  of bringing  a degree  of  seriousness   and   promptness   in   pursuing   the   settlement  Page 12 of 20 HC-NIC Page 12 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT cases, would not escape our notice. This is even otherwise  an understandable  anxiety  of the legislature  since  during  the   pendency   of   settlement   proceedings,   the   ordinary  assessment   would   be   kept   in   abeyance.   Thus,   by   mere  pendency   of   an   application   for   settlement   before   the  Commission, the normal assessment mechanism would be  kept   at   bay.   The   Revenue   therefore,   would   certainly   be  interested   in   knowing   the   outcome   of   settlement  proceedings   so   that   if   a   case   is   settled,   the   ordinary  assessment   proceedings   would   be   rendered  inconsequential. If on the other side, for whatever reason,  the   application   for   settlement   were   to   fail,   the   pending  assessment would revive and be continued from whatever  stage   it   was   pending.   The   statutory   provisions   under  challenge before us therefore, must be seen in light of the  over all relevant changes made by the legislature and the  ultimate   effect   of   such   changes   in   the   settlement  proceedings.

18. The parameters for testing the constitutionality of the  legislation made by the parliament or the State legislature  are well laid down in series of judgments of the Supreme  Court and this Court. Two of the grounds on which such  legislation can be called in question are that the legislature  lacks the competence to frame the law or that the statutory  provision  is opposed  to the fundamental  rights enshrined  under   the   Constitution   or   any   other   constitutional  provision.   It   is   in   fact,   within   these   two   grounds   of  challenge   to   a   statute,   the   Supreme   Court   in   case   of  Shayara Bano (supra) has expanded to a limited extent the  scope of examination, propounding that the legislation can  also   be   struck   down   on   the   ground   of   arbitrariness.  Nevertheless,   the   concept   of   arbitrariness   in   context   of  testing a statutory provision made by the parliament or the  State   legislature   cannot   be   put   in   a   golden   scale.   If   the  legislature   in   its   wisdom   applying   its   mind,   which   is   a  presumption, to all relevant aspects of the matter, framed a  certain legislative policy by enacting a law, the Court would  Page 13 of 20 HC-NIC Page 13 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT certainly not substitute its individual judgement or opinion  for that of the competent legislative body. 

19. In case of  the State of Jammu & Kashmir v. Triloki  Nath   Khosa   and   others  reported   in   AIR   1974   Supreme  Court   1,   the   respondents   had   successfully   challenged  before the High Court the validity of a service rule framed  by   Jammu   and   Kashmir   Government   which   permitted   a  classification   of   Assistant   Engineer   between   Diploma  holder   and   Degree   holder   for   promotion   as   Executive  Engineer.   The   Constitution   Bench   of   the   Supreme   Court  observed  that  in order  to  establish  that  the  protection  of  the equal opportunity clause has been denied to them, it is  not enough for the respondents to say that they have been  treated   differently   from   others,   not   even   enough   that   a  differential   treatment   has   been   accorded   to   them   in  comparison   to   others   similarly   circumstanced.  Discrimination   is   the   essence   of   classification   and   does  violence to the constitutional guarantee of equality only if it  reasons on an unreasonable basis.  

20.   In   case   of  Indian   Express   Newspapers   (Bombay)  Private   Ltd   and   others  reported   in   (1985)   1   Supreme  Court Cases 641, the Court was examining the validity of a  subordinate  legislation  levying  customs  duty  on  imported  newsprint.   In   this   context,   it   was   observed   that   a   sub­ ordinate  legislation  may be questioned  on the grounds  of  legislative  competence  on  which  the plenary  legislation  is  also subject  or being ultra vires the Constitution,  as also  additional   grounds   such   as,   being   ultra   vires   the   parent  statute or being in conflict with any other statute or being  so   arbitrary   that   it   could   not   be   said   to   conform   to   the  statute or violative of Article 14 of the Constitution 

21.   It   was   argued   that   these   amendments   may   act  somewhat harshly on the assessees and particularly when  such amendments  are applied to pending applications for  settlement,  the same would be arbitrary. It is well settled  Page 14 of 20 HC-NIC Page 14 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT that   the   statute   cannot   be   declared   as   unconstitutional  merely   because   it   is   likely   to   work   harshly   against   some  sections   of   the   citizens.   Merely   because   those   who   have  already   applied   for   settlement   are   now   asked   to   pay   the  additional   tax   on   income   disclosed   in   the   settlement  application before a certain date, by itself would not render  the statute  arbitrary.  This would  be for multiple  reasons.  Firstly, the tax being collected is on the admitted income,  the   income   which   the   assessee   had   not   disclosed   in   the  original return filed before the Assessing Officer but which  he now admits in the application for settlement filed before  the   Commission.   No   tax   payer   can   claim   liberty   from  payment of tax on an admitted income. Secondly, even in  the   provisions   prevailing   upto   1st  June   2007,   there   was  always the liability of the assessee applying for settlement  to   pay   the   additional   tax   on   the   income   disclosed.   If   he  failed to pay the sum within the prescribed time, he would  have  to  pay  the  tax along  with  interest  at the  prescribed  rate. We are conscious that the provision for abatement of  settlement   proceedings   before   the   Commission,   upon   the  assessee not being able to pay the sum by 31st July 2017,  was   newly   introduced.   However,   the   applicant   before   the  Settlement Commission cannot claim vested right  to have  the   application   granted   and   seek   immunity   from   penalty  and prosecution even while continuing to be in default in  paying   the   tax   on   admitted   income.   What   the   statute  perhaps   cannot   take   away   is   a   vested   right   and   not   a  perceived   right   in   which   the   assessee   had   no   vested  interest. 

22. We may recall sub­section(1) of section 245HA provides  for   abatement   of   proceedings   before   the   Settlement  Commission   under   certain   circumstances.     As   per   sub­ section(2)   of   section   245HA,   where   the   proceedings   so  abate, the Assessing  Officer or the income­tax authorities  before whom the proceedings at the time of making of the  application  was pending,  would  proceed  to dispose  of the  same in accordance with the provisions of the Act as if no  Page 15 of 20 HC-NIC Page 15 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT application for settlement was made. While doing so, under  sub­section(3), such authority would be entitled to use all  the   material   and   other   information   provided   by   the  assessee   before   the     Commission   or   the   results   of   the  inquiry   held   or   evidence   recorded   by   the   Commission   in  the   course   of   such   proceedings,   as   if   such   material,  information,   inquiry   and   evidence   had   been   produced  before the Assessing Officer or the authority. The effect of  sub­section(3) of section 245HA is to enable the income­tax  authority, be it Assessing Officer or some other authority,  who   upon   abatement   of   settlement   proceedings   would  proceed to decide the pending cases in accordance with the  provisions  of the Act, to utilise all the material  and other  information   produced   by   the   assessee   before   the  Commission   as   well   as   the   material   collected   through  inquiry during  the course  of such  settlement  proceedings  or evidence recorded by the Commission.   Effectively, this  would   transpose   the   material   before   the   Commission,  collected   till   the   proceedings   reached   the   stage   of  abatement before the income­tax authority, who would be  entitled to use the same.

23.   It   is   not   even   the   case   of   the   petitioner   that   earlier  there   was   any   provision   which   prohibited   the   Assessing  Officer   or   the   income­tax   authority   from   accessing   such  information   and   utilising   the   same   in   the   course   of  completion   of   pending   cases,   to   which   the   settlement  proceedings related. All that perhaps materially changed is  that insofar as the material, other information produced by  the assessee before the Commission is concerned, it would  partake the character of the same having been produced by  the assessee before the Assessing Officer or the income­tax  authority.   Surely,   no   assessee   can   claim   immunity   from  use of such material unless such immunity was granted in  specific   terms   of   statute.   No   assessee   can   claim   that   he  made  a certain  declaration  before  the  Commission  which  was   true   but   should   not   be   utilised   by   the   income­tax  authority   for   the   purpose   of   his   assessment.   Even   while  Page 16 of 20 HC-NIC Page 16 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT filing   a   return   before   the   Assessing   Officer   and  participating   in   the   assessment   proceedings,   be   it   before  the   Assessing   Officer   or   at   the   appellate   stage,   there   is  inherent   duty   of   every   assessee   to   make   true   and   full  disclosures.   In   our   opinion   therefore,   the   newly   inserted  sub­section(3)   of   section   245HA   did   not   take   away   any  vested right hitherto enjoyed by the assessee. In the result,  the challenge to the vires of the statutory provisions must  fail."  

7. Shri   Soparkar   however   submitted   that   the   Settlement  Commission did not dispose of the proceedings for a long  time after conclusion  of the hearing,  as a result of which  the  liability  to  pay additional  tax before  31.7.2007  arose. 

Had   the   Settlement   Commission   disposed   of   the  proceedings promptly, this situation would not have arisen. 

In   any   case,   the   petitioner   was   not   aware   that   the  Settlement   Commission   had   not   disposed   of   the  proceedings   till   1.6.2007.   He   therefore,   could   not   be  blamed   for   not   fulfilling   the   requirement   of   payment   of  additional tax before 31.7.2007.

8. Neither of these contentions can be accepted. Firstly, there  was no time limit within which once the proceedings were  finally   heard   and   reserved   for   order,   the   Settlement  commission had to dispose of the same by a final order. No  mala­fides are attributed to the members of the Settlement  Commission to suggest that there was deliberate delay on  their part. If therefore, when the settlement proceeding was  Page 17 of 20 HC-NIC Page 17 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT still pending, amendments were made in the statute which  applied   to   such   pending   proceeding,   same   had   to   be  applied   with   full   force.   The   statute   does   not   make   any  distinction   whether   the   proceedings   were   pending   before  the Settlement Commission at pre­hearing stage or at the  stage   where   the   hearing   was   over   and   the   case   was  pending for disposal by the Settlement Commission. 

9. The   defence   that  the   petitioner   was   not   aware  about  the  pendency   of   such   proceeding   ignores   the   documents   on  record.   On   13.7.2007,   the   Settlement   Commission   had  conveyed   to   the   petitioner   that   there   would   be   a   further  hearing on 7.8.2007.  The footnote though was scored out  in the copy forwarded to the petitioner obviously, because  this did not concern the petitioner, did contain a reference  to the CIT to state on the next date of hearing whether the  requirement of payment of tax and interest as contained in  sub­section(2D)  of section  245D  has  been  fulfilled  by the  petitioner.  As  is  evident   from   the   petitioner's  letter  dated  31.7.2007   written   to   the   Settlement   Commission   in  response   to   the   said   communication,   the   petitioner  received the same on 13.7.2017 itself. Well before the final  date   of   31.7.2017   for   payment   of   additional   tax   and  interest,   the   petitioner   at   any   rate   was   aware   that   the  proceedings before the Settlement Commission was not yet  disposed of. The petitioner therefore had the responsibility  Page 18 of 20 HC-NIC Page 18 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT to pay the tax and interest  as provided  in section (2D) of  section   245D   of   the   Act.   The   petitioner   failed   to   comply  with   such   requirement.   In   terms   of   sub­section(1)   of  section 245HA therefore, the settlement proceeding would  abate. This was automatic. The Settlement Commission by  the   impugned   judgment   merely   made   a   declaration   of  abatement which had even otherwise come about by virtue  of  operation   of   law.    The  Settlement  Commission  had  no  other alternative.

10. The alternative request of preventing the income­tax  authority   from   using   the   material   on   record   before  Settlement   Commission   cannot   be   accepted   in   terms   of  plain language used in sub­section(3) of section 245HA of  the Act which reads as under :

"(3)   For   the   purposes   of   sub­section   (2),   the   Assessing  Officer, or, as the case may be, other income­tax authority,  shall   be   entitled   to   use   all   the   material   and   other  information   produced   by   the   assessee   before   the  Settlement  Commission  or the results of the inquiry held  or evidence recorded by the Settlement Commission in the  course   of   the   proceedings   before   it,   as   if   such   material,  information,   inquiry   and   evidence   had   been   produced  before the Assessing Officer or other income­tax authority  or held or recorded by him in the course of the proceedings  before him."

11. As noted, the petitioner has not challenged the vires  Page 19 of 20 HC-NIC Page 19 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017 C/SCA/6854/2008 JUDGMENT of this provision. In any case in an independent judgment  we   have   upheld   the     same   relevant   provision,   portion   of  which is noted in this judgment.

12. In the result, petition is dismissed.

(AKIL KURESHI, J.) (BIREN VAISHNAV, J.) raghu Page 20 of 20 HC-NIC Page 20 of 20 Created On Sat Sep 16 06:31:43 IST 2017