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Bombay High Court

Mahatma Education Society'S vs All India Council For Technical on 14 July, 2014

Bench: Anoop V. Mohta, A.A. Sayed

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                   IN THE  HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY




                                                                                                    
                                APPELLATE SIDE CIVIL JURISDICTION




                                                                            
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6021 OF 2014




                                                                           
    Mahatma Education Society's
    Pillai's Institute of Information 
    Technology, Engineering, Media
    Studies & Research                                                               ....Petitioners.




                                                                      
                         Vs.                 
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 
                                            
    Mr. Rafiq Dada, Senior Counsel a/w Mr. C.K. Thomas I/by M/s. C.K. 
    Thomas & Associates for the Petitioners.
         


    Ms. Pranali Dixit I/by Mr. R.A. Rodrigues for Respondent No.5. 
      



                                                       WITH
                                                  CAW/1684 OF 2014
                                                         IN





                                                    WP/4500/2013

    The Principal, K. C. College of Engineering
    and Management Studies and Research                                              ...   Petitioners 
         Vs.





    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr. A. Y. Sakhare, Senior Advocate with Mr. Mahadeo A. Choudhari 
    and Mr. Sugandh B. Deshmukh for the Petitioners

                                                                 WITH

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                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6235 OF 2014 

    Mahatma Gandhi Missions College of




                                                                                                    
    Engineering and Technology, Kamothe                                              ...        Petitioners 
          Vs.




                                                                            
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr.   A.   Y.   Sakhare,   Senior   Advocate   with   Joel   John   Carlos   for   the 




                                                                           
    Petitioners. 


                                               WITH




                                                                      
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6247 OF 2014

    Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Education,
    Science and Technological Research
                                              ig                                     ..       Petitioners
          Vs.
                                            
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr.   Shriniwas   S.   Patwardhan   with   Mr.   Ruturaj   Pawar   for   the 
         


    Petitioners.
      



                                               WITH
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6252 OF 2014





    Nagar Yuwak Shikshan Sanstha, through
    Chairman,                                                                        ...  Petitioners
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 





    Mr.   S.C.   Naidu   with   Mr.   Y.C.   Naidu   with   Rahul   Tanwani   i/by   Mr. 
    Pramod Kalwar for the Petitioners. 

                                               WITH
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6293 OF 2014

    Lokmanya Tilak Jankalyan Shikshan Sansthas

                                                                                                            2/28



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    Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering                                            ...        Petitioners
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 




                                                                                                    
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 




                                                                            
    Mr. Nikhil Mehta i/by KMC Legal Venture for the Petitioners


                                               WITH




                                                                           
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6356 OF 2014

    Nagar Yuwak Shikshan Sanstha, through
    Principal, Dr. Sudhir D. Sawarkar                                                ..   Petitioners




                                                                      
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical          
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr.   S.C.   Naidu   with   Mr.   Y.C.   Naidu   with   Rahul   Tanwani   i/by   Mr. 
                                            
    Pramod Kalwar for the Petitioners. 


                                               WITH
         


                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6362 OF 2014
      



    Jawahar Education Society, A.C. Patil
    College of Engineering, through                                                  ..       Petitioners





          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr. A. Y. Sakhare, Senior Advocate with Mr. Sudhir S. Hardikar for the 





    Petitioners. 
                                    WITH
                     WRIT PETITION NO. 6365 OF 2014

    The South Indian Education Society, through
    Member Narasimhan Raja and anr.                                                  ...        Petitioners
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 

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    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr. S.C. Naidu with Ms. Nandini Govind Menon for the Petitioners




                                                                                                    
      
                                   WITH




                                                                            
                    WRIT PETITION NO. 6366 OF 2014

    The South Indian Education Society, through
    Member Narasimhan Raja and anr.                                                  ...        Petitioners




                                                                           
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 




                                                                      
    Mr. S.C. Naidu with Ms. Nandini Govind Menon for the Petitioners
                                             
                                               WITH
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6468 OF 2014
                                            
    Saraswati Education Society's,
    Saraswati College of Engineering, By Secretary                                   ....       Petitioners

          Vs.
         


    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 
      



    Mr. Rafiq Dada, Senior Counsel a/w Mr. C.K. Thomas I/by M/s. C.K. 
    Thomas & Associates for the Petitioners.





                                               WITH
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6469 OF 2014

    Saraswati Education Society's,





    Re Vera Institute of Technology
    (Polytechnic), through                                                           ....  Petitioners
          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ...Respondents. 

    Mr. Rafiq Dada, Senior Counsel a/w Mr. C.K. Thomas I/by M/s. C.K. 
    Thomas & Associates for the Petitioners.

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                                               WITH




                                                                                                    
                                   WRIT PETITION NO. 6513 OF 2014




                                                                            
    Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College of
    Engineering and Polytechnic, By Rayat
    Shikshan                                                                         ...        Petitioners
          Vs.




                                                                           
    All India Council for Technical 
    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr. S.C. Naidu with Mr. Y. C. Naidu and Rahul Tanwani i/by C. R. 




                                                                      
    Naidu and Company  for the Petitioners. 
                                              ig    AND ALONG WITH

                        WRIT PETITION (Stamp) NO.  17839  OF 2014
                                            
    Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College of
    Engineering and Polytechnic, By Rayat
    Shikshan                                                                         ...        Petitioners
         


          Vs.
    All India Council for Technical 
      



    Education (AICTE) & Ors.                                                         ....Respondents. 

    Mr. S.C. Naidu with Mr. Y. C. Naidu and Rahul Tanwani i/by C. R. 





    Naidu and Company  for the Petitioners. 

                          ----------------------------
    Mr. Mihir Desai  with Mr. Sariputta Sarnath and Mr. Swaraj Jadhav for 
    Respondent/AICTE  in all matters. 





    Ms. S.S. Bhende, AGP for the State in all matters.




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                                    CORAM  :  ANOOP V. MOHTA AND
                                                 A.A. SAYED, JJ.
                                        DATE  :  14 JULY 2014.




                                                                                                    
                                                                            
    P.C. :-




                                                                           
                         Rule,   returnable   on   25.08.2014.   Hearing   expedited. 

    Learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the   respective   Respondents   waive 




                                                                      
    service. 
                                             
    2                    We   have   heard   the   learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the 
                                            
    parties.  In view of urgency so expressed,  we are inclined to pass this 

    common   interim   order   as   the   challenge   in   all   these   Petitions   is 
          


    essentially to the decision of AICTE denying `Extension of Approval' to 
       



    the existing institutions of the Petitioners and placing the institutions 





    in `no admission' category.  In Writ Petition No. 6468 of 2014, AICTE 

    has   reduced   the   intake   capacity   of   three   Undergraduate   Degree 

    Courses and two Post-graduate Degree Courses.  





    3                    "Technical   education"   and   related   aspects   are   controlled 

    and governed by the All India Council for Technical Education Act, 

    1987 (For short, "AICTE Act").   The aim and object by the AICTE Act 

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    is to co-ordinate and integrate the development of technical education 

    system at all levels throughout the country to provide and promote 




                                                                                                    
    qualitative   technical   education   in   planned   manner.     The   AICTE   is 




                                                                            
    required   to   regulate   and   ensure   proper   maintenance   of   norms   and 

    standards   in   technical   education   system.     It   also   involves   regular 




                                                                           
    performance appraisal for technical institutions and Universities.  The 

    AICTE,   therefore,   is   under   obligation   to   control   the   norms   and 




                                                                      
    standards for common development of such education in the country.  
                                             
                                            
    4                    The Act itself provides for grant of extension of approval to 

    existing institutions, for starting new technical institutions,  for adding 
          


    of new courses in existing institutions  and variation in intake capacity 
       



    in consultation with the other Respondents/Authorities.    On the basis 

    of this Act, therefore, various authorities, Board, Council have been 





    created to control and supervise technical education and all its related 

    aspects.   This   itself   means,     AICTE   is   having   various   functions   and 





    powers and being a specialized body is empowered to ensure that all 

    the institutions  recognized by the AICTE are possessed of complete 

    infrastructure/staff   and   other   facilities   and   have   capacity   of 

    maintaining   quality   education   standards   for   imparting   technical 


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    education.




                                                                                                    
    5                    The   Petitioners   respective   Society/Trust,     running     long 




                                                                            
    institutions, are imparting technical education in the area after getting 

    due   and   necessary   approval/permission   from   the   respective 




                                                                           
    authorities.         The   Petitioners'   institutions   are   affiliated   to   the 

    respective Universities/Board since long.   The institutions are running 




                                                                      
    degree/diploma   colleges   for   technical   education   like   Engineering, 
                                             
    Technology, Management etc. for more than 10 to 25 years.   AICTE 
                                            
    has   been   granting   them   approval/sanction   as   prayed   from   time   to 

    time continuously based upon the existing infrastructure and facilities. 
          
       



    6                          In  view of judgment in  Association of Management of  

    Private Colleges   Vs.  All  India  Council for Technical  Education &  Ors. 1 





    dated 25 April 2013, the role of AICTE was curtailed.   The Supreme 

    Court has held that no such approval of AICTE is necessary, once the 





    University   has   given   its   affiliation   to   start   such   technical   course. 

    However,  by  order  dated 9 May 2014, the Supreme Court  directed 

    that for the present academic year 2014-2015,   AICTE would be the 


    1         (2013) 8 SCC 271

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    approval   granting   authority.     We   are   informed   that   the   issues   in 

    Association of Management of Private Colleges (supra) are referred to a 




                                                                                                    
    Larger Bench and the same is pending in the Supreme Court.     It is 




                                                                            
    clear that for the academic year 2014-2015, the AICTE, in view of the 

    provisions of law and the judgments  is the supreme authority to grant 




                                                                           
    approvals. 




                                                                      
    7                    The Supreme Court by order dated 9 May 2014 referred to 
                                             
    above,     in  Petition  for Special Leave  to Appeal (Civil) No. 7277 of 
                                            
    2014,  (Orissa   Technical   Colleges   Association   Vs.   AICTE   &   Anr.),  

    extended the date for AICTE to grant approval/sanction to 10 June 
          


    2014 by referring to earlier order dated 17 April 2014,  whereby the 
       



    Supreme Court has directed the AICTE to proceed in accordance with 

    the   approval   process  for   the   academic   year   2014-2015.     This  itself 





    means  the   time   table/schedule  so   fixed  in   the  case  of  Parshvanath  

    Charitable Trust vs. All India Council for Tech. Edu. 2 was re-scheduled. 





    April  30   of  the   respective  year was the  date  fixed by the  Supreme 

    Court  to complete all formalities and to grant approval by the AICTE 

    and/or its Appellate Authority.  


    2         (2013) 3 SCC 385 

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    8                    AICTE having advertised on 9/10 May 2014 inviting fresh 




                                                                                                     
    applications from all concerned, including the Petitioners means that 




                                                                             
    the   time   fixed   by   the   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of   Parshavanath 

    (supra) was re-scheduled.  AICTE was under an obligation to complete 




                                                                            
    the formality in time for granting/rejecting   approvals on the dates so 

    announced.




                                                                     
    9
                                            
                         Lastly,     by   order   dated   26   June   2014   in  Jayamatha  
                                           
    Engineering College Vs. Union of India & Ors. (Writ Petition (Civil) No.  

    538 of 2014)    the dates have been further extended by the Supreme 
          


    Court by passing the following order :-
       



                          "The AICTE is granted seven days within which to  





                  take a decision on all the applications pending before it.  
                  It   shall   first   take   up   the   applications   in   which   it   has  
                  already   expressed   willingness   to   grant   approvals,   but  
                  have not done so in deference of the Orders of this Court.  
                  Thereafter, the concerned Universities/State Authorities/  





                  Bodies   which   have   the   powers   of   granting   affiliation  
                  shall take a decision on that subject within one week. It  
                  is   for   these   reasons   that   the   first   round   of  
                  counselling/admission for allotment of seats which was  
                  to   be   completed   by   30th  June,   2014   will   now   be  
                  completed   by   15th  July,   2014.   The   second   round   of  
                  counselling  shall  be completed by 22nd  July, 2014 and  
                  the last round by 29th  July, 2014. In this manner, the  

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                  date of commencement of the Academic Session, as laid  
                  down by this Court above, shall not be disturbed. 




                                                                                                     
                         It is made clear that all the Colleges who have been  
                  cleared   for   intake   of   students   for   the   Academic   Year  




                                                                             
                  2014-2015, as envisaged in the process above, shall be  
                  cleared   and   considered   for   admitting   students   for   the  
                  current   Academic   Year.   Learned   Senior   Counsel  
                  appearing   for   the   petitioners   in   some   of   the   Writ  




                                                                            
                  Petitions apprehends that the respondents may adhere to  
                  Annexure   P-7.   We   think   that   that   would   not   be  
                  appropriate in view of the orders contained herein.




                                                                     
                                            
    Thus, the time for granting approvals by AICTE stood extended to 3 
                                           
    July 2014. 
         


    10                   Admittedly, the AICTE was not in a position to follow the 
      



    earlier scheduled dates so fixed by the Supreme Court in Parshavanath  

    (supra)    in   view   of   the   judgment   in   the   case   of  Association   of 





    Management of Private Colleges (supra).   As per those dates, by 30 

    April 2014  AICTE ought to have completed the process of granting or 





    denying the approvals including extension of approvals.   Admittedly, 

    till  9  May,  2014,   the   role of AICTE itself   was quite  restricted and 

    limited.     On   the   contrary,   the   UGC   role   was   recognized   for   such 

    courses.   The AICTE role therefore, was only to give feedback to the 


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    UGC until 9 May 2014. 




                                                                                                     
    11                   There   are   about   1800   private/aided   and   non-aided 




                                                                             
    institutions in Maharashtra  imparting  technical education.  There are 

    about 11,000 institutions throughout the country.   Admittedly, since 




                                                                            
    2009   the   institutions   in   Maharashtra   and   particularly   the   present 

    institutions have not been inspected by AICTE within the time frame 




                                                                     
    prescribed.   The   respective   institutions,   as   per   the   procedure, 
                                            
    submitted and provided the details to AICTE for extension of approval 
                                           
    for the academic year 2014-2015.     For the earlier years, as per the 

    procedure,  on making the on-line Application, AICTE used to grant 
         


    them approval from time to time.   Further,   in the year 2014-2015, as 
      



    recorded   above,   at   the   fag-end   i.e.   on   9   May   2014   they   invited 

    applications.     Therefore,   they   themselves   were   not   in   position   to 





    comply with their own rules and adhere to the cut-off dates.   AICTE 

    has   not   inspected   the   institutions   since   2009.       It   has   not     given 





    opportunity to defaulting institutions, to remove deficiencies, if any, 

    or put on record their justification in time before    taking action to 

    withhold the extension of approval.         The situation appeared to be 

    beyond the control of AICTE to manage and to take inspection and/or 


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    pass   adverse orders after giving show cause notice and hearing  the 

    parties concerned for the present academic year 2014-15. 




                                                                                                     
                                                                             
    12                   It appears that on the basis of Complaints filed by some 

    organizations   and/or   individuals,   AICTE   constituted   a   High   Power 




                                                                            
    "Fact Finding Committee" (for short, the Committee) to examine the 

    complaints and to make its recommendation.   The Committee after 




                                                                     
    holding their respective meetings initially heard only one complainant 
                                            
    viz.   Citizens Forum for Sanctity in Educational System and not the 
                                           
    representative of the Petitioners.    Admittedly, though their Complaint 

    was against 32 institutions, the Complainant for undisclosed reasons, 
         


    restricted their Complaint  to 13 institutions only.   Most of them are 
      



    the Petitioners in this group of Writ Petitions.  It is contended that no 

    show cause notice and/or hearing was given to the Petitioners before 





    taking action of withholding extension of approval.    The Committee 

    submitted its report dated 10/01/2014  to the AICTE, though at that 





    time   in  view  of   judgment  in  Association  of Management  of Private 

    Colleges (supra), the role of AICTE was restricted to give feedback to 

    the   UGC.     The   UGC   as   per   the   aforesaid   judgment   was   supreme 

    Authority   to   deal   with   such   situation.   The   AICTE,   however,   based 


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    upon the recommendations of the High Power Committee appointed 

    EVCs  (Expert  Visiting  Committees)  for inspection  of  the  Petitioners' 




                                                                                                     
    institutions.       The   High   Power   Committee     also   directed   to   take 




                                                                             
    suggestive   steps   and   insisted   upon   for   strict   adherence   to   the 

    conditions of approvals, in the public interest.  The suggestion is also 




                                                                            
    made to have a proper mechanism to monitor the cases in Courts.  




                                                                     
    13                   The   respective   inspections   of   the   Petitioners'   Institutions 
                                            
    have been  taken by the EVC.   AICTE based upon the report of EVC 
                                           
    without   giving   proper   opportunity   of   hearing,   communicated   the 

    impugned  adverse   orders   to  the   respective   Petitioners   on   the   dates 
         


    which are ranging from 10 June 2014, 23 June 2014,  26 June 2014 
      



    and 2/3 July 2014.  The information  collected at the fag-end of the 

    academic year 2014-2015 without earlier inspections of any kind for 





    more   than   5   years   and   without   giving   opportunity   to   remove   the 

    deficiencies or permitting them to justify their respective contentions, 





    AICTE issued the respective impugned orders.  



    14                   Therefore, at this stage we are definitely concerned with 

    the way and manner by which AICTE has taken the decisions.    AICTE 


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    after   collecting   information   did   not   grant     reasonable   time   and 

    opportunity to the Petitioners' institutions and passed the impugned 




                                                                                                     
    orders.  From the record, it is apparent that the Petitioners were heard 




                                                                             
    by the Standing Complaints Committee and the impugned orders were 

    passed by another Authority viz.  Competent Authority (i.e. Chairman 




                                                                            
    of AICTE).    Normally, the authority who hears the parties must pass 

    orders.  (See Rasid Javed & Ors. Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. 3 and 




                                                                     
    Gullapalli Nageswara Rao Vs. A.P. SRTC4)   In the present cases,  prima-
                                            
    facie,   it   appears   that   authorities/   bodies,   invoked   their   respective 
                                           
    powers at different stages and ultimately the impugned orders were 

    passed against the Petitioners without giving proper and reasonable 
          


    opportunity, in breach of the principles of natural justice as well as the 
       



    respective provisions/ procedures declared by AICTE.     These orders 

    will cause great injustice and hardship to the institutions, staff and the 





    students.  The investments so made by the Petitioners also just cannot 

    be overlooked. 





    15                   There is no material that, out of 1800 such institutions in 

    Maharashtra,   only   these   are   the   defaulting   institutions.   The 

    3         2010(7) SCC 781
    4         AIR 1959 SC 308

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    complainant also unable to justify their restrictions and insistence to 

    proceed   only   against   these   institutions.     There   is   also   nothing   on 




                                                                                                     
    record   to   show   that   all   other   1800   institutions   are   without 




                                                                             
    deficiencies. 




                                                                            
    16                   We are not suggesting that institutions should not remove 

    the deficiencies. But, this is not the way to deal with such institutions 




                                                                     
    on the basis of private complaint by giving unilateral hearing to them 
                                            
    thereby adopting a pick and choose policy.   It is an admitted position 
                                           
    that for the academic year 2014-15 because of the time constraints, 

    AICTE has not made site visits in case  of other institutions seeking 
         


    extension of approvals or for that matter additional courses/increase 
      



    in intake capacity.   Timely and proper opportunity should have been 

    given before passing such orders and paucity of time can be no reason 





    for not following due procedure of law.    Timely action should have 

    been taken.   The impugned orders are in breach of natural justice, 





    fair-play and equity and therefore, required to be tested also on the 

    anvil   of   Article   14   of   the   Constitution   of   India.     The   Respondents 

    discriminatingly   selected     the     Petitioners'     old     established 

    institutions   some   of   which   are   of   high   repute   and   passed   the 


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    impugned orders.  We have also noted that the High Power Committee 

    never recommended and/or directed to take such drastic action at this 




                                                                                                     
    stage of academic year 2014-2015.  




                                                                             
    17                   We   have   gone   through   the   deficiencies   so   alleged   and 




                                                                            
    referred   to   by   the   Counsel   appearing  for   the  respective   Petitioners. 

    We find that some of the deficiencies are curable.  Other deficiencies 




                                                                     
    relate   to   land,   play-ground,   occupation   certificate,   nature   of 
                                            
    occupancy with permission and/or without permission, common play-
                                           
    ground,   sharing of premises, less area,   running by the institutions 

    from campus, less land/insufficient land or built-up area, class rooms 
         


    or laboratories, the multiple use of same premises and requisite staff/ 
      



    faculty/less   staff   are   required   to   be   dealt   with   as   per   the   norms 

    prescribed  in   AICTE   handbook.   We  have  gone even  through those 





    basic   norms   para   9.1.5   about   land   area   requirements,   para   9.1.6 

    classification of building areas norms para 12.2 and para 10 which 





    deal with the multi use of facilities shows that the interpretation and 

    submissions of Petitioners if accepted, there will be no deficiencies. 

    The authorities before passing order based upon their understanding 

    of   those   norms,       though   permitted   the   Petitioners   to   run   the 


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    institutions/colleges/courses for so many years suddenly took  U-turn 

    and discarded the submission/explanation so given by the respective 




                                                                                                     
    Petitioners without giving reasons on those issues.  Those norms and 




                                                                             
    standards   including   regulations   of   grant   of   approval   for   technical 

    education   itself   provide   for   relaxation/exemptions.   We   fail   to 




                                                                            
    understand   that   if   there   were   indeed   some   area/land   deficiencies, 

    how   the   letters   of   approval   were   issued   to   the   Petitioners   at   the 




                                                                     
    threshold.   We   are   not   here   to   give   decisions   on   the   respective 
                                            
    deficiencies   at   this   stage,   but   as   submitted   by   the   learned   counsel 
                                           
    appearing   for   the   Petitioners   that   those   norms   and   standards   and 

    regulations/rules unless interpreted and/or considered by this Court 
         


    and/or even by the supreme authority under AICTE Act and/or other 
      



    Act,  such drastic action would definitely cause injustice and hardship 

    to all the concerned.   There is nothing on record to show that any 





    findings   and/or   reasons   have   been   given   by   the   Council,     while 

    interpreting   these   regulations.     It   is   relevant   to   note   that   there   is 





    power   to   relax,   whereby   the   Council   may   in   exceptional   cases   for 

    removal   of   any   hardship   and/or   other   reasons   to   be   recorded   in 

    writing,   relax  any  of  the  deficiencies  of  this kind  of  any  classes  or 

    categories   of   institutions.     No   proper   opportunity  was   given   to   the 


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    Petitioners to put up their case  before taking such drastic action.  The 

    decision, therefore, so taken is arbitrary and not in consonance with 




                                                                                                     
    the various norms and regulations of AICTE.  Due to time constraints, 




                                                                             
    as the impugned orders are passed at the eleventh hour just before the 

    admission   process   was   to   begin,   the   Petitioners   have   had   no 




                                                                            
    opportunity to remove the deficiencies and/or file Appeals before the 

    Appellate Authority.  




                                                                     
    18
                                            
                         It   is   relevant   to   note   that   in   some   of   the   cases,   though 
                                           
    there is no major deficiencies / zero deficiencies as recorded and as 

    there were minor deficiencies or removable deficiencies but for want 
         


    of time,  they have not passed favourable order.   We see no reason to 
      



    accept   the   drastic   action   so   taken   by   the   AICTE   of   bringing   such 

    institutions in "no admission" category,  at least, for the  current year 





    2014-2015.   It   appears   that   AICTE   has,   based   upon   the   alleged 

    complaint,   inquiry   and investigation, selected these  institutions and 





    passed the  orders  without giving any explanation for their inaction 

    and not taking inspection at appropriate stages. 



    19                   It is relevant to note that there is challenge also made to 


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    the   procedure   and   norms   so   declared   by   AICTE   whereby,   the 

    institutions/Applicants are permitted to file their Applications on-line 




                                                                                                     
    for approval/extension of   approval for courses and/or variation  in 




                                                                             
    intakes.     These   rules   are   in   existence   for   so   many   years.     The 

    Petitioners and/or such other institutions are accordingly submitting 




                                                                            
    their on-line Applications for extension of approvals from time to time. 

    The   workable   procedure   is   adopted   as   there   are   more   than   11000 




                                                                     
    institutions which are imparting technical education in India.  At this 
                                            
    stage, it is not possible to consider and accept the  challenge to these 
                                           
    rules.    We   have   to   hear  those  matters finally, including  the  role  of 

    complainants in such matters and power and authority to take such 
         


    drastic action by the supreme authority itself like AICTE in the manner 
      



    it has done.   The submission on behalf of AICTE, therefore, not to 

    grant   any   ad-interim   or   interim   relief   in   view   of   above   is   also 





    unacceptable.  





    20                   After hearing both the parties on the last date, we have 

    already granted ad-interim relief in the respective matters based upon 

    the   documents   and   material   placed   on   record.     Though   separate 

    orders and the reasons so given, in view of above discussion, need to 


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    continue till the final decision of the present Writ Petitions.  We have 

    already stayed the impugned order of AICTE in the respective matters 




                                                                                                     
    and   directed   the   Respondents-DTE   to   upload   the   Petitioners 




                                                                             
    Institutions' names in the Centralized Admission Process (CAP).    The 

    ad-interim reliefs in somewhat following form are granted   in every 




                                                                            
    matter. 




                                                                     
                 "c.       pending the hearing and final disposal of this Petition,  
                                            
                           this   Hon'ble   Court   be   pleased   to   direct   Respondent  
                           Nos. 3 and 4 to upload the Petitioner's name for the  
                           Centralized Admission Process (CAP) and be allowed  
                                           
                           to   participate   in   CAP   round   and/or   Minority  
                           Admission Procedure, for the academic year 2014-15  
                           for   the   Engineering   courses   conducted   by   the  
                           Petitioners   at   Pillai's   Institute   of   Information  
         


                           Technolocy, Engineering, Media Studies and Research  
                           at   10,   Sector   16,   Podi   2,   New   Panvel,   Raigad-410  
      



                           206."





                 "However, this will be subject to the further orders of 

                 this Court.  The Petitioners will not claim any equity on 

                 the basis of this order.   The Respondents to file reply 





                 affidavit on or before the next date." 



                 "It   is   also   clarified   that   non-listing   of   the   Petitioners 

                 institute/name on the AICTE Website will not affect the 

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                 admission process and implementation of prayer clause 

                 (c)."




                                                                                                     
                                                                             
                 "The   parties   to   act   on   an   authenticated   copy   of   this 

                 order." 




                                                                            
                 "It   is  also   made   clear   that  the   Officer   of   Respondent 




                                                                     
                 Nos.   3   and   4   i.e.   Dr.   Rajeev   V.   Shetkar,   Assistant 
                                            
                 Director   (Tech.),   Directorate   of   Technical   Education, 
                                           
                 M.S. Mumbai, is present in the Court and   therefore, 

                 non-availability of the present order should not be the 
         


                 reason not to implement the order passed by this Court 
      



                 today." 





    21                   We have passed such orders and granted similar ad-interim 

    reliefs in all the Petitions.  The statement is made that accordingly the 





    institutions     names   are   listed.   The   students   have   been   submitting 

    their   Applications   on-line   till   this   date.     All   the   Respondents   are, 

    therefore, required to follow the time-table so fixed by the Supreme 

    Court in all respect. 


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    22                   The   scope   of   writ   jurisdiction   is   wide   and   so   also   it's 

    restrictions.       It   depends   upon   facts,   circumstances   and   situations 




                                                                                                     
    specifically when dealing with the expert body's   decision.   The time 




                                                                             
    schedule fixed   in  Parshvanath (supra)  has been re-scheduled by the 

    Supreme Court.     If case is of perversity, illegality in following due 




                                                                            
    procedure of law, it is settled that any decision/order passed in breach 

    of principles of natural justice, fair play and equity and which causes 




                                                                     
    injustice,   hardship   and   prejudice   and   specially   when   it   relates   to 
                                            
    students   and higher education and which affect the people at large, 
                                           
    High Court in writ jurisdiction, may  interfere with the same,  to test 

    the validity, illegality of such action.  A Division Bench of this Court in 
         


    Dental   College   &   Hospital   of   the  Vidarbha   Youth   Welfare   Society   vs.  
      



    Government   of   India   &   ors5    while   dealing   with   the   provisions   of 

    Dentists Act, 1948 and the power of supreme Authority under the Act 





    referring to the establishment of New Dental College and courses held 

    that apart from others "There is no bar to interfere in expert body's 





    decision.".  There also similar objection was raised by the Respondents 

    and opposed for the grant of any relief in favour of the institutions. 

    The     Division   Bench,   based   upon   the   facts,   even   directed     the 


    5 2013 (5) ALL MR 830

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    respective   Council   to   reconsider   the   representation   made   by   the 

    Petitioners and further ordered to have fresh inspection and to pass 




                                                                                                     
    order   in   accordance   with   law   by   giving   an   opportunity   to   the 




                                                                             
    Petitioners.   It is also noted in the said judgment as follows :

                "32                   The   peculiarity   of   the   fact   in   the   present 




                                                                            
                case   which   the   Court   just   cannot   overlook   merely 

                because the impugned decision is taken by the expert 




                                                                     
                body.   As noted above, the expert and/or expert body 
                                            
                and/or   institution   and   their   power   just   cannot   be 
                                           
                decided by the Court so far as the matter pertained to 

                and/or   related   to   the   students   and/or   academic 
         


                sessions.   Any Tribunal/body even of experts, if takes 
      



                certain   quasi   judicial   or   administrative   decisions   by 

                which they take away and/or infringe the rights of any 





                person   and/or   institution   and   if   there   is   breach   of 

                principles of natural justice, we are inclined to observe 





                that  the  High  Court  need to test the decision/oder if 

                case is made out.  There is no bar whatsoever  that the 

                decision of the expert body in such a situation cannot 

                be interfered with and/or the High Court has no power 


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                to test the decision."




                                                                                                     
    23                   The   interim   relief,   therefore,   if   not   granted,   as   case   is 




                                                                             
    made out,   the position of students as well as institutions would be 

    irreversible.    The balance of convenience, equity lies in favour of the 




                                                                            
    students,     people   at   large   and   the   Petitioners.     The   extension   of 

    approvals   as   prayed   for     running   and   long   standing   establishment 




                                                                     
    cannot   be   rejected   abruptly   in   such   fashion.     The   reasonable 
                                            
    opportunity should be given to remove the deficiencies, if any and if 

    representation is made, the Respondents also need to consider to relax 
                                           
    and/or  exempt  the  Petitioners from such conditions with a view to 

    permitting   such   established   institutions   to   run   the   courses   in   their 
         


    respective   places/locality/area.     The   space   constraints   in   cities   and 
      



    their   respective   permission   of   less   space/less   land/   pending 

    occupation   certificate   and/or   related   aspect   definitely   require 





    reconsideration/   interpretation   of   the   same.   The   Authorities   of 

    AICTEC are therefore required to consider the representation  and/or 





    application   for   relaxation   of   certain   deficiencies   and/or   permit   the 

    Petitioners   to   point   out   that   there   are   no   deficiencies   by   giving 

    opportunity to the party concerned before taking drastic action.  Prima 

    facie we find that the manner and haste in which AICTE has passed 

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    the impugned orders is unjustifiable.   We also prima facie find that 

    there   are   infirmities   in   decision   making   process   in   passing   the 




                                                                                                     
    impugned orders.  




                                                                             
    24                   It   is  not   in  dispute  that  it  was AICTE  itself  has granted 




                                                                            
    extension of approval to these institutions for last many years. It is an 

    admitted position that AICTE has acted merely on the complaints filed 




                                                                     
    by the Citizens Forum of Fairness in Education.   AICTE in its Affidavit-
                                            
    in-reply has averred that that it was based on the complaints of the 
                                           
    Citizens   Forum   of   Fairness   in   Education   that   a   CBI   enquiry   was 

    conducted and the then AICTE Chairman and Secretary were arrested 
         


    in   2009.   We   are   not   intending   to   interfere   with   the   pending 
      



    investigation or inquiry, if any.  





    25                   We   are   inclined   to   allow   the   Petitioners   to   admit   the 

    students provisionally at this stage by treating the Applications of the 





    Petitioners as having been approved provisionally subject to conditions 

    and further orders.  



    26                   We have, as recorded above, by ad-interim orders stayed 


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    the impugned orders and permitted the institutions to participate in 

    the Centralized Admission Process (CAP) and to admit the students as 




                                                                                                     
    per   the   intake   capacity   of   the   previous   years   and/or   last   Letter   of 




                                                                             
    Approval (LOA)/EOA.     For the reasons discussed   above, by way of 

    interim reliefs, we pass the following order:-




                                                                            
                                                              ORDER

(a) The Respondents, including Director of Technical Education (DTE) to allow the admission of the students as per the intake capacity of the previous years/last LOA/EOA, based on the respective Applications of the Petitioners.

(b ) The admission of the students would be provisional.

The concerned students shall be intimated accordingly and the admissions would be subject to further orders and/or outcome of the Writ Petitions.

(c) The Petitioners and/or students shall not claim any equity on the basis of this order.

(d) The Petitioners are directed to file additional affidavits dealing with the deficiencies, if any, and the objections so raised about the deficiencies and in 27/28 ::: Downloaded on - 17/07/2014 23:50:42 ::: ssm 28 wp6021.14gp-16-7-14.sxw what manner the alleged deficiencies can be cured and what steps they propose to take to remove those deficiencies and the time frame therefor.

(e) Additional affidavits referred to above shall be filed by the Petitioners within four weeks, failing which it may entail vacation of interim orders. The Additional affidavit in reply be filed by the Respondent -AICTE also.

(f) The impugned order of AICTE shall not affect the admissions of existing students and the classes and the courses.

(g) It is made clear that the ad-interim order continues to operate notwithstanding this interim order and the protection granted by these orders shall not extend in any case to the next academic year. The approvals for the next academic year shall be decided on its own merits.

(h) The parties are at liberty to apply for appropriate clarification, if any.

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