Allahabad High Court
Dilip Manoj And Another vs State Of U.P. And Another on 7 August, 2024
Author: Saurabh Shyam Shamshery
Bench: Saurabh Shyam Shamshery
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD ?Neutral Citation No. - 2024:AHC:129027 Court No. - 74 Case :- APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 13329 of 2024 Applicant :- Dilip Manoj And Another Opposite Party :- State of U.P. and Another Counsel for Applicant :- Ajay Vikram Yadav Counsel for Opposite Party :- G.A. Hon'ble Saurabh Shyam Shamshery,J.
1. Heard Sri Ajay Vikram Yadav, learned counsel for applicants.
2. Facts of present case are squarely covered by a judgement passed by this Court in Ms. Kritika Kaushik @ Hanu and another vs. State of U.P. and another, 2024:AHC:115640 that even considering contents of complaint, statement of complainant recorded u/s 200 Cr.P.C. as well as of witnesses recorded u/s 202 Cr.P.C., ingredients of Section 384 IPC as well as 506 IPC could not be made out since basic ingredients of extortion that delivery of demanded money was not concluded as well as there is no averment that nature of insult was to the extent that it could provoke the applicants side to breach the peace.
3. Relevant part of above referred judgment is quoted below -:
?7. In order to appreciate rival submissions the Court takes note of a recent judgment passed by this Court in Sanjay Gupta alias Sanju Mohan vs. State of U.P. and another, Neutral Citation No. 2024:AHC:105492 wherein ingredients to commit offence under Section 384 IPC were discussed in detail and Court has also placed reliance on two judgments passed by Supreme Court in Dhananjay @ Dhandnjay Kumar Singh Vs. State of Bihar and others, (2007)14 SCC 768 and Salib @ Shalu @ Salim vs. State of U.P. and others, 2023 INSC 687. Relevant paragraphs of Sanjay Gupta alias Sanju Mohan (supra) are reproduced hereinafter:
?10. In order to appreciate, whether contents of Section 387 IPC are made out or not, it would be appropriate to reproduce relevant part of judgments passed by Supreme Court in Dhananjay @ Dhandnjay Kumar Singh Vs. State of Bihar and others, (2007)14 SCC 768 and Salib @ Shalu @ Salim vs. State of U.P. and others, 2023 INSC 687:
Dhananjay @ Dhandnjay Kumar Singh (Supra) ?5.Section 384 provides for punishment for extortion. What would be an extortion is provided under Section 383 of the Penal Code in the following terms:
"383.Extortion.--Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security, or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits ''extortion'."
6.A bare perusal of the aforementioned provision would demonstrate that the following ingredients would constitute the offence:
1. The accused must put any person in fear of injury to that person or any other person.
2. The putting of a person in such fear must be intentional.
3. The accused must thereby induce the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property, valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security.
4. Such inducement must be done dishonestly.
7. A First Information Report as is well known, must be read in its entirety. It is not in dispute that the parties entered into transactions relating to supply of bags. The fact that some amount was due to the appellant from the First Informant, is not in dispute. The First Information Report itself disclosed that accounts were settled a year prior to the date of incident and the appellant owed a sum of about Rs.400-500 from (sic) Gautam Dubey (sic).
8. According to the said Gautam Dubey, however, a sum of Rs.1500/- only was due to him.
9. It is in the aforementioned premise the allegations that Gautam Dubey and the appellant slapped the first informant and took out Rs.1580/- from his upper pocket must be viewed.
10. No allegation was made that the money was paid by the informant having been put in fear of injury or putting him in such fear by the appellant was intentional.
11. The first informant, admittedly, has also not delivered any property or valuable security to the appellant.
12. A distinction between theft and extortion is well known. Whereas offence of extortion is carried out by overpowering the will of the owner; in commission of an offence of theft the offender's intention is always to take without that person's consent.
13. We, therefore, are of the opinion that having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, no case under Section 384 of the Penal Code was made out in the first information report."
Salib @ Shalu @ Salim (supra) ?21. ?Extortion? has been defined in Section 383 of the IPC as follows:?
?Section 383. Extortion.?Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits ?extortion.
Illustrations
(a) A threatens to publish a defamatory libel concerning Z unless Z gives him money. He thus induces Z to give him money. A has committed extortion.
(b) A threatens Z that he will keep Z's child in wrongful confinement, unless Z will sign and deliver to A a promissory note binding Z to pay certain monies to A. Z sings and delivers the note. A has committed extortion.
(c) A threatens to send club-men to plough up Z's field unless Z will sign and deliver to B a bond binding Z under a penalty to deliver certain produce to B, and thereby induces Z to sign and deliver the bond. A has committed extortion.
(d) A, by putting Z in fear of grievous hurt, dishonestly induces Z to sign or affix his seal to a blank paper and deliver it to A. Z sings and delivers the paper to A. Here, as the paper so signed may be converted into a valuable security. A has committed extortion.?
22. So from the aforesaid, it is clear that one of the necessary ingredients of the offence of extortion is that the victim must be induced to deliver to any person any property or valuable security, etc. That is to say, the delivery of the property must be with consent which has been obtained by putting the person in fear of any injury. In contrast to theft, in extortion there is an element of consent, of course, obtained by putting the victim in fear of injury. In extortion, the will of the victim has to be overpowered by putting him or her in fear of injury. Forcibly taking any property will not come under this definition. It has to be shown that the person was induced to part with the property by putting him in fear of injury. The illustrations to the Section given in the IPC make this perfectly clear.
23. In the aforesaid context, we may refer to the following observations made by a Division Bench of the High Court of Patna in Ramyad Singh v. Emperor Criminal Revision No. 125 of 1931 (Pat):-
?If the facts had been that the complainant's thumb had been forcibly seized by one of the petitioners and had been applied to the piece of paper notwithstanding his struggles and protests, then I would agree that there is good ground for saying that the offence committed whatever it may be, was not the offence of extortion because the complainant would not have been induced by the fear of injury but would have simply been the subject of actual physical compulsion.?
It was held:-
?It is clear that this definition makes it necessary for the prosecution to prove that the victims Narain and Sheonandan were put in fear of injury to themselves or to others, and further, were thereby dishonestly induced to deliver papers containing their thumb impressions. The prosecution story in the present case goes no further than that thumb impressions were ?forcibly taken? from them. The details of the forcible taking were apparently not put in evidence. The trial Court speaks of the wrists of the victims being caught and of their thumb impressions being then ?taken? ??. The lower Courts only speak of the forcible taking of the victim's thumb impression; and as this does not necessarily involve inducing the victim to deliver papers with his thumb impressions (papers which could no doubt be converted into valuable securities), I must hold that the offence of extortion is not established.?
24. Thus, it is relevant to note that nowhere the first informant has stated that out of fear, she paid Rs. 10 Lakh to the accused persons. To put it in other words, there is nothing to indicate that there was actual delivery of possession of property (money) by the person put in fear. In the absence of anything to even remotely suggest that the first informant parted with a particular amount after being put to fear of any injury, no offence under Section 386 of the IPC can be said to have been made out.? (Emphasis supplied)
11. I have carefully perused the contents of complaint, statements recorded under Sections 200 and 202 Cr.P.C. as well as impugned order. As referred in Dhananjay @ Dhandnjay Kumar Singh (supra) and Salib @ Shalu @ Salim (supra), in order to make out a case of extortion, one of the essential ingredient is to deliver any property or valuable security being under threat by Complainant to accused, whereas in the present case such ingredient is absolutely missing as it was not a case of Complainant that he actually handed over Rs. 5 lacs to accused.
12. The nature of allegation is that Complainant was put under threat of fear of death that he has to pay Rs. 5 lacs to run the business of Gutkha but admittedly no amount was paid. A reference be taken of statement of Complainant and other witnesses being part of present order that, "????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? 5,00,000 ????? ?? ????? ??".
13. The words used in Section 387 IPC, i.e., ?in order to the committing of extortion? is used for an act committed during act of extortion and for that act of extortion has to be concluded in terms of Section 383 IPC.
14. In aforesaid circumstances, since in the present case act of ?extortion? was not concluded as Rs. 5 lacs was not paid, therefore, offence under Section 383 IPC was not made out and consequently offence under Section 387 IPC was also not made out. [See, Dhananjay @ Dhandnjay Kumar Singh (supra) and Salib @ Shalu @ Salim (supra)]?
8. As referred above, in order to prove the offence of extortion there must be delivery of amount demanded. However, as clearly reflected from statements of Complainant as well as witnesses the alleged demand of Rs. 1 crore was never materialized as it was never handed over by Complaint to applicants. As such, offence under Section 383 IPC punishable under Section 384 IPC is not made out.
9. In order to appreciate the submission with regard to offence under Section 504 IPC, the Court takes note of a judgment passed by Supreme Court in Mohammad Wajid and another vs. State of U.P. and others, 2023 INSC 683 wherein the Court considered ingredients of Section 503 IPC and relevant paragraphs of judgment are mentioned hereinafter:
?23. Chapter XXII of the IPC relates to Criminal Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance. Section 503 reads thus:-
?Section 503. Criminal intimidation. ?Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause alarm to that person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat, commits criminal intimidation.
Explanation.?A threat to injure the reputation of any deceased person in whom the person threatened is interested, is within this section.
Illustration A, for the purpose of inducing B to resist from prosecuting a civil suit, threatens to burn B's house. A is guilty of criminal intimidation.?
Section 504 reads thus:-
?Section 504. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace.?Whoever intentionally insults, and thereby gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.?
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24. An offence under Section 503 has following essentials:-
1) Threatening a person with any injury;
(i) to his person, reputation or property; or
(ii) to the person, or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested.
2) The threat must be with intent;
(i) to cause alarm to that person; or
(ii) to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat; or
(iii) to cause that person to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled to do as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat.
25. Section 504 of the IPC contemplates intentionally insulting a person and thereby provoking such person insulted to breach the peace or intentionally insulting a person knowing it to be likely that the person insulted may be provoked so as to cause a breach of the public peace or to commit any other offence. Mere abuse may not come within the purview of the section. But, the words of abuse in a particular case might amount to an intentional insult provoking the person insulted to commit a breach of the public peace or to commit any other offence. If abusive language is used intentionally and is of such a nature as would in the ordinary course of events lead the person insulted to break the peace or to commit an offence under the law, the case is not taken away from the purview of the Section merely because the insulted person did not actually break the peace or commit any offence having exercised self control or having been subjected to abject terror by the offender. In judging whether particular abusive language is attracted by Section 504, IPC, the court has to find out what, in the ordinary circumstances, would be the effect of the abusive language used and not what the complainant actually did as a result of his peculiar idiosyncrasy or cool temperament or sense of discipline. It is the ordinary general nature of the abusive language that is the test for considering whether the abusive language is an intentional insult likely to provoke the person insulted to commit a breach of the peace and not the particular conduct or temperament of the complainant.
26. Mere abuse, discourtesy, rudeness or insolence, may not amount to an intentional insult within the meaning of Section 504, IPC if it does not have the necessary element of being likely to incite the person insulted to commit a breach of the peace of an offence and the other element of the accused intending to provoke the person insulted to commit a breach of the peace or knowing that the person insulted is likely to commit a breach of the peace. Each case of abusive language shall have to be decided in the light of the facts and circumstances of that case and there cannot be a general proposition that no one commits an offence under Section 504, IPC if he merely uses abusive language against the complainant. In King Emperor v. Chunnibhai Dayabhai, (1902) 4 Bom LR 78, a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court pointed out that:-
?To constitute an offence under Section 504, I.P.C. it is sufficient if the insult is of a kind calculated to cause the other party to lose his temper and say or do something violent. Public peace can be broken by angry words as well as deeds.? (Emphasis supplied)
10. As discussed above, in the statements of Complainant as well as witnesses the nature of threat is not specified that whether it will fall within the parameters that person to whom insult was made was likely to commit an act which would provoke breach of peace. As such, ingredients of Section 504 IPC are also not made out.?
4. In view of above discussion, I find that it is a fit case where inherent powers of this Court could be invoked.
5. Accordingly, impugned summoning order dated 04.07.2023 passed by learned CJM, Firozabad in Misc. Application No. 1169 of 2018 (Gopal Verma vs. Dilip and another) under Sections 384, 504 IPC, Police Station- North, District- Firozabad is hereby quashed and consequentially, further proceedings of above referred case is also quashed.
6. The present order is passed without issuing notice to opposite party-2/complainant, therefore, matter is referred to concerned Court to pass a fresh order within 12 weeks after hearing complainant only.
7. Accordingly, application is disposed of.
8. Registrar (Compliance) to take steps.
Order Date :- 7.8.2024 N. Sinha