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"In case of doubt therefore it is always safe to have an eye on the object and purposes of the statute, or reason and spirit behind it. I say that we must look to what the purpose is" was said by Lord Cairns (Hill v. East and West India Dock Co., (1884) 9 AC 448 HL p. 455, and it was observed by Sir John Nicholl that the key to the opening of every law is the reason and the spirit of the law' (Brett v. Brett, (1826) 3 Add 218). This aspect of 'purpose' is the every foundation of the rule of Heydon's case reported by Lord Coke as far back as 1584. (Rule in Nyden's case title 3(h) Chapter 2) Statutes should be construed not as theorems of Euclid said L. Hand J. 'but with imagination of purpose behind them' (Lehigh Valley Coal Co. v. Yansavage 218 Fed 547 pp. 552, 553). 'Eachword, phrase or sentence' observed Mukerjea J. 'is to be construed in the light of general purpose of the Act itself (Popatlal Shah v. State of Madras, ). For ascertaining the purpose of a statute one is not restricted to the internal aid furnished by the statute itself (Honrette v. A. G., AIR 1930 PC 120 at Pp. 121, 122) although the text of the statute taken as a whole is the most important material for ascertaining both the aspect of 'intention'. Without intending to lay down a precise and exhaustive list of external side, Lord Somervell has stated --The mischief against which the statute is directed and, perhaps though to an undefined extent the surrounding circumstances can be considered. Other statutes in pari materia and the state of the law at the time are admissible. (A. G. v. H.R.H. Augustus, (1957) 1 All ER 49 at p. 61). These external aids are also brought in by widening the concept of 'context' as including not only other enacting provisions of the same statute, but its preamble, the existing state of the law, other statutes in pari materia and the mischief which the statute was intended to remedy' (A.G. v. H.R.H. Augustus, (1957) 1 All ER 49 at p. 53 -- Viscount Simonds). The principle as stated by Mr. Justice Holmes is to the following effect: 'You construe a particular clause or expression by construing the whole instrument and any dominant purposes that it may express. In fact, intention is a residuary clause intended to gather up whatever other aids may be to interpretation besides the particular words and the dictionary (Cases and other Materials on Legislation, by Reid, Macdonald and Fardham, 2nd Edn page 1005".)