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Noor Aga vs State Of Punjab & Anr on 9 July, 2008

15. The duty of the prosecution under the NDPS Act, considering the reverse burden of proof, was noticed in Noor Aga [Noor Aga v. State of Punjab, (2008) 16 SCC 417 : (2010) 3 SCC (Cri) 748] observing: (SCC p. 450, paras 58-59) "58. ... An initial burden exists upon the prosecution and only when it stands satisfied, would the legal burden shift. Even then, the standard of proof required for the accused to prove his innocence is not as high as that of the prosecution. Whereas the standard of proof required to prove the guilt of the accused on the prosecution is "beyond all reasonable doubt" but it is "preponderance of probability" on the accused. If the prosecution fails to prove the foundational facts so as to attract the rigours of Section 35 of the Act, the actus reus which is possession of contraband by the accused cannot be said to have been established.
Supreme Court of India Cites 90 - Cited by 746 - S B Sinha - Full Document

The State Of Punjab vs Baldev Singh on 21 July, 1999

18. The discussion in the present case may not be understood as confined to the requirements of a fair Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA CRL.M.C. 4891/2024 Page 5 of 8 Signing Date:03.07.2024 11:13:50 investigation under the NDPS Act only carrying a reverse burden of proof. Baldev Singh [State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh, (1999) 6 SCC 172 : 1999 SCC (Cri) 1080] related to a prosecution under Section 165-A IPC. Nonetheless, it observed that if the informant were to be made the investigating officer, it was bound to reflect on the credibility of the prosecution case.
Supreme Court of India Cites 55 - Cited by 494 - Full Document
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