(1)Subject to such rules as may be prescribed, the State Government may, in respect of educational institutions, by order specify,-(a)the curricula, syllabi and text books for any course of instruction;(b)the duration of such course;(c)the medium of instruction;(d)the scheme of examinations and evaluation;(e)the number of working days and working hours in an academic year;(f)the rates at which tuition and other fees, building fund or other amount, by whatever name called, may be charged from students or on behalf of students;(g)the staff pattern (teaching and non-teaching) and the educational and other qualifications for different posts;(h)the facilities to be provided, such as buildings, sanitary arrangments, playground, furniture, equipment, library, teaching aid, laboratory and workshops;(i)such other matters as are considered necessary.(2)The curricula under sub-section (1) may also include schemes in respect of,-(a)moral and ethical education;(b)population education, physical education, health education and sports;(c)socially useful productive work, work experience and social service;(d)innovative, creative and research activities;(e)promotion of national integration;(f)promotion of civic sense ; and(g)inculcation of the sense of the following duties of citizens, enshrined in the Constitution namely:-(i)to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;(ii)to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;(iii)to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;(iv)to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;(v)to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;(vi)to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;(vii)to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;(viii)to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;(ix)to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;(x)to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.(3)The prescription under sub-section (1) may be different for the different categories of educational institutions.(4)(a)The objectives of education at the primary level shall be universalisation of education at the primary level by comprehensive access by both formal and non-formal means and by improving retention and completion rates with carriculum development and teacher education to help children attain the required level of achivement in the following basic purposes:-(i)development of 'basic skills' in literacy in the mother tongue and Kannada (where mother tongue is not Kannada), numeracy and communication;(ii)development of 'life skills' for understanding of and meaningful interaction with the physical and social environment, including study of Indian culture and history, science, health and nutrition;(iii)introduction of 'work experience' or socially useful productive work to provide children with the ability to help themselves, to orient them to the work processes of society and to develop right attitudes to work;(iv)promotion of values including moral values; and(v)development of good attitudes towards further learning.(b)The main objective of education at the secondary level shall be to impart such general eduction as may be prescribed so as to make the pupil fit either for higher academic studies or for job-oriented vocational courses. The general education so imparted shall, among others, include,-(i)the development of linguistic skills and literary appreciation in the regional language;(ii)the attainment of prescribed standards of proficiency in any two other selected languages among classical or modern Indian languages including Hindi and English;(iii)the acquisition of requisite knowledge in mathematics and physical and biological sciences, with special reference to the physical environment of the pupil;(iv)the study of social sciences with special reference to history, geography and civics so as to acquire the minimum necessary knowledge in regard to the State, country and the world;(v)the introduction of 'work experience' or 'socially useful productive work' as an integral part of the curriculum; and(vi)training in sports, games, physical exercises and other arts.(5)In every recognised educational institution,-(a)the course of instruction shall conform to the curricula and other conditions under sub-section (1); and(b)no part of the working hours prescribed shall be utilised for any purpose other than instruction in accordance with the curricula.
