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State of Punjab - Section
Section 2 in Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission (Punjab State Grid Code) Regulations, 2013
2. Definitions.
- (i) In this code, unless the context otherwise requires, terms will have meaning as defined hereunder:-| Defined Term | Definition |
| Act | The Electricity Act, 2003 (Central Act No. 36 of2003), as amended from time to time |
| Active Energy | Active Energy means the electrical energyproduced, flowing or supplied by an electrical circuit during atime interval, and being the integral of the instantaneous powerwith respect to time, measured in units of watt hours or standardmultiples thereof. Unless otherwise qualified, the term "energy"refers to active energy. |
| Active Power | Active Power means the product of voltage andthe in-phase component of alternating current measured in unitsof watts and standard multiples thereof. |
| Ancillary Services | In relation to power system (or grid) operation,the services necessary to support the power system (or grid)operation in maintaining power quality, reliability and securityof the grid, e.g. active power support for load, reactive powersupport, black start, etc. |
| Apparatus | Electrical apparatus and includes all machines,fittings, accessories and appliances in which conductors areused. |
| Apparent Energy | Apparent Energy means the integral of theApparent Power with respect to time. It is measured in VoltAmpere hour and standard multiples thereof. |
| Apparent Power | Apparent Power means the product of theroot-mean-square (RMS) or effective value of the current and theroot-mean-square value of the voltage. For AC circuits orsystems, it is the square root of the sum of the squares of theactive and reactive power and is measured in kilo volt-ampere(kVA) or multiples thereof. |
| Appendix | An Appendix to a Section of the State Grid Code. |
| Area Load Despatch Centre (ALDC) | Area Load Despatch Centre means a computerizedload despatch centre of PSTCL which reports to SLDC. |
| Area of Supply | Area within which a Distribution Licensee isauthorised by his license to supply electricity. |
| Automatic Voltage Regulator ( AVR) | A continuously acting automatic excitationcontrol system to control the voltage of a Generating Unit asmeasured at the Generator Terminals. |
| Available Transfer Capability (ATC) | The transfer capability of the inter-controlarea transmission system available for scheduling commercialtransactions (through long term access, medium term open accessand short term open access) in a specific direction, taking intoaccount the network security. Mathematically, ATC is the TotalTransfer Capability less Transmission Reliability Margin. |
| Backing Down | SLDC instructions or NRLDC instructions conveyedthrough SLDC for reduction of generation from generating unitunder abnormal conditions such as high frequency, low systemdemand or network constraints. |
| Base Computer System (BCS) | BCS means Base Computer System meant to handlethe data downloaded from ABT meters through CMRI or throughremote communication network, converts downloaded raw data intostandard output format and processes data for variouscalculations, analysis and display. |
| Beneficiary | A person who has a share in State GeneratingStation/Inter-State Generating Station |
| Bilateral Transaction | A transaction for exchange of energy (MWh)between a specified buyer and a specified seller, directly orthrough a trading licensee or discovered at Power Exchangethrough anonymous bidding, from a specified point of injection toa specified point of drawal for a fixed or varying quantum ofpower (MW) for any time period during a month. |
| Black Start Procedure | The procedure necessary to recover from a totalor partial blackout in the State. |
| Board | The Board refers to erstwhile Punjab StateElectricity Board (PSEB). |
| Breakdown | An occurrence relating to equipment of supplysystem which prevents its normal functioning |
| Captive Power Plant (CPP) | For the purpose of State Grid Code, the PowerStation that is captive power plant as defined in ElectricityAct,2003, which meets the criteria laid out in Section 3 of theElectricity Rules, 2005 (framed under Section 176 of the Act) |
| CEA/Authority | Central Electricity Authority |
| CEA Grid Standards | Central Electricity Authority (Grid Standards)Regulations 2010, as amended from time to time |
| CEA Meter Regulations | Central Electricity Authority (Installation andOperation of Meters) Regulations, 2006, as amended from time totime |
| CEA Safety Regulations | Central Electricity Authority (Measures relatingto Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations 2010, as amended fromtime to time |
| Central Generating Station | The generating stations owned by the companiesowned or controlled by the Central Government. |
| Central Transmission Utility (CTU) | The utility notified by the Government of Indiaunder sub-section (1) of Section 38 of the Act. |
| Collective Transaction | A set of transactions discovered in powerexchange through anonymous, simultaneous competitive bidding bybuyers and sellers. |
| Common Meter Reading Instrument (CMRI) | CMRI means a common meter reading instrumentwith necessary accessories capable of downloadingdata/information from various makes of AC static energy meterswhen loaded with the corresponding meter specific downloadingsoftware(s) called meter reading instrument program(s). (Note:The CMRI can extract information about energy data, load surveydata, billing parameters, meter status, meter anomaly and tamperdata from the memory of the meter and store for retrieval at alater stage.) |
| Congestion | Situation where the demand for transmissioncapacity exceeds the Available Transfer Capability. |
| Connection | The electric lines and electrical equipment usedto effect a Connection of a User's system to the StateTransmission System. |
| Connection Agreement | An Agreement between STU / intra-statetransmission licensee other than STU (if any) and any personsetting out the terms relating to a connection to and/or use ofthe State Transmission System. |
| Connection Conditions | The technical conditions to be complied with byany User having a Connection to the State Transmission System aslaid down in Section 4 "Connection Conditions" of theState Grid Code. |
| Connection Point | An electrical point at which a User's Plant and/or Apparatus connects to the State Transmission System. |
| Connectivity | The state of getting connected to the StateTransmission System by a generating station, including a captivegenerating plant, a EHV consumer or a state transmissionlicensee. |
| Control Area | An electrical system bounded by interconnections(tie lines), metering and telemetry which controls its generationand/or load to maintain its interchange schedule with othercontrol areas whenever required to do so and contributes tofrequency regulation of the synchronously operating system. |
| Consumer | Any person who is supplied with electricity forhis own use by a licensee or the Government or by any otherperson engaged in the business of supplying electricity to thepublic under the Act or any other law for the time being in forceand includes any person whose premises are for the time beingconnected for the purpose of receiving electricity with the |
| works of a licensee, the Government or suchother person, as the case may be. | |
| Demand | The demand of active power (MW) and reactivepower (MVAR) of electricity unless otherwise stated. |
| Demand response | Reduction in electricity usage by end customersfrom their normal consumption pattern, manually or automatically,in response to high UI charges being incurred by the State due tooverdrawal by the State at low frequency, or in response tocongestion charges being incurred by the State for creatingtransmission congestion, or for alleviating a system contingency,for which such consumers could be given a financial incentive orlower tariff. |
| Designated Officer | A person identified as having responsibility forinter User boundary safety under Section 9 of the State GridCode. |
| Despatch Instruction | An instruction by SLDC to State GeneratingStation (other than CPP) to despatch generation and toDistribution Licensee to regulate drawal in accordance with theScheduling & Despatch procedure of State Grid Code. |
| Disconnection | The act of physically separating a User's or EHVConsumer's electrical equipment from the State TransmissionSystem. |
| Distribution Control Centre (DCC) | The office & associated facilitiesestablished by the Distribution Licensee to coordinate with SLDCand carry out the functions as laid down in the SGC |
| Distribution Licensee | Licensee authorised to operate and maintain adistribution system for supplying electricity to the consumers inthe area of supply and includes PSPCL/other deemed distributionlicensee(s). |
| Distribution System | The system of wires and associated facilitiesbetween the delivery points on the transmission lines or thegenerating station connection and the point of connection to theinstallation of the consumers. |
| Drawal | The import from, or export to, Statetransmission system/Inter-State Transmission System, ofelectrical energy and power or both active/ reactive power. |
| EHV Consumer | A person to whom electricity is provided and whohas a dedicated supply above 33kV under normal conditions. |
| Event | An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence on a Gridincluding faults, incidents and breakdowns. |
| Event Logging Facilities | A device provided to record the chronologicalsequence of operations, of the relays and other equipment. |
| Ex-Power Plant | Net MW/MWh output of a generating station, afterdeducting auxiliary consumption and transformation losses. |
| External Interconnection | Electric lines and electrical equipment used forthe transmission of electricity between the State TransmissionSystem and the Regional Transmission System and other states'systems. |
| Extra High Voltage (EHV) | Where the voltage exceeds 33 kV under normalconditions, subject, however, to the percentage variation allowedby the Authority; |
| Fault Locator (FL) | A device provided at the end of a transmissionline to measure/ indicate the distance at which a line fault mayhave occurred. |
| Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System(FACTS) | Power electronics based system and other staticequipment that provide control of one or more AC transmissionsystem parameters to enhance controllability and increase powertransfer capability. |
| Force Majeure | Any event which is beyond the control of thepersons involved which they could not foresee or with areasonable amount of diligence could not have foreseen or whichcould not be prevented and which substantially affects theperformance by person including but not limited to :-(a) Acts of God, natural phenomena, floods, droughts, earthquakes and epidemics.(b) Enemy acts of any Government domestic or foreign, war declared or undeclared, hostilities, priorities, quarantines, embargoes.(c) Riot or Civil Commotion.(d) Grid's failure not attributable to the person |
| Forced Outage | An outage of a Generating Unit or a transmissionfacility due to a fault or other reasons which has not beenplanned |
| Generating Company | A Generating Company means any company or bodycorporate or association or body of individuals, whetherincorporated or not, or artificial juridical person, which ownsor operates or maintains a generating station and includes PSPCLand its successor generation entity. |
| Generating Unit | The combination of an alternator and a turbineset (whether steam, gas, liquid fuel, water or wind driven) or areciprocating engine and all of its associated equipment, whichtogether represents a single electricity generating machine. |
| Generator | A person or agency who generates electricity andwho is subjected to State Grid Code either pursuant to anyagreement with STU or otherwise and include SGS and ISGS |
| Grid | Grid means the high voltage backbone system ofinter-connected transmission lines, sub-stations and generatingplants. |
| Grid Contingencies | Abnormal operating conditions brought out bytripping of generating units, transmission lines, transformers orabrupt load changes or by a combination of the above leading toabnormal voltage and/or frequency excursions and/or overloadingof network equipment. |
| Grid Disturbance | Grid Disturbance is the situation wheredisintegration and collapse of grid either in part or full takeplace in an unplanned and abrupt manner, affecting the powersupply in a large area of the region. |
| Independent Power Producer (IPP) | Independent Power Producer means a Power Stationwithin the State, owned by a Generator who is not part of PSPCL,STU, BBMB or Central Sector Generation and is not classified as aCPP and for the purpose of State Grid code having connection toState Grid. |
| Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) | Central Electricity Regulatory Commission(Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations 2010 as amended fromtime to time |
| Inter Connecting Transformer (ICT) | Transformer connecting EHV system of differentvoltage levels. |
| 'Interface Meter' | A meter used for accounting and billing ofelectricity, connected at the point of interconnection betweenelectrical systems of generating company, licensee and consumers,directly connected to the State Transmission System who have tobe covered under ABT and have been permitted open access by theCommission. |
| Inter-State Generating Station (ISGS) | A Central generating station or other generatingstation, in which two or more states have shares; |
| Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) | (i) any system for conveyance of electricity bymeans of a main transmission line from territory of one state toanother state;(ii) the conveyance of electricity across theterritory of an intervening state as well as conveyance withinthe state, which is incidental to such inter-state transmissionof energy;(iii) the transmission of electricity within theterritory of a state on a system built, owned, operated,maintained or controlled by the CTU. |
| Licensee | Licensee means a person who has been granted aLicence under section 14 of the Act including a deemed licenseeand shall inter alia also include PSPCL or its successor entities. |
| Load | The MW/MWh/MVAR/MVARh consumed by a utility/installation |
| Load Crash | Sudden or rapid reduction of electrical loadconnected to a system that could be caused due to tripping ofmajor transmission line(s), feeder(s), power transformer(s) ornatural causes like rain etc. |
| Load Survey Data | Load survey data is a database of load valuesdefined in terms of Watt, VAr or VA (or multiples thereof) duringeach predefined interval of time. |
| Long -term Access | The right to use the transmission system of STU/transmission licensee and/or inter-State transmission system fora period exceeding 12 years but not exceeding 25 years. |
| Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) | The normal rated full load MW output capacity ofa Generating Unit, which can be sustained on a continuous basisat specified conditions. |
| Medium-term customer | A person who has been granted medium-term openaccess. |
| Medium-term Open Access | The right to use the transmission system of STU/transmission licensee and/or inter- State transmission system fora period exceeding 3 months but not exceeding 3 years. |
| Merit Order Operation | Priority order of various generating units underBBMB/ ISGS/ SGS, operating in synchronism with Northern GridSystem, compiled by SLDC pursuant to schedule and despatchrequirements, generally in ascending order of variable cost ofenergy. |
| Meter | Meter means a device for measurement ofbi-directional/uni-directional active energy, reactive energy,apparent energy, active power, reactive power (lag/lead),apparent power, currents, voltages, power factor, frequency andany other electrical parameter derived out of these measurements.Meter shall be capable to record the various parameters as may berequired for a particular category of the consumers on the basisof tariff applicable from time to time. |
| Metering Point | Metering point means the physical location ofcurrent and voltage sensing devices (i.e. CTs, VTs) and meters atwhich electricity is metered. |
| Metering System | Metering System means set of meters, measurementtransformers (CTs & VTs), metering protection equipmentincluding alarms, circuitry and their associated data collectionoutstations, communication system and wiring which are part ofthe measuring equipment at or relating to a site. |
| National Grid | The entire inter-connected electric powernetwork of the country. |
| Net Drawal Schedule | The drawal schedule of a distribution licensee,open access consumer, generating station or Regional Entity afterdeducting the apportioned transmission losses (estimated). |
| Northern Region / Region | Region comprising of the States and UnionTerritory of J & K, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana,Chandigarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Delhi. |
| Northern Regional Grid System | Northern Regional Grid System means powersystems of SEBs/ PSPCL/PSTCL/Utilities/ IPP/ CPPs/Open AccessCustomers of the States of the Northern Region and of BBMB, NTPC,NHPC, NPC, SJVNL, THDCL & PGCIL having integrated operation. |
| Open Access | The non-discriminatory provision for the use oftransmission lines or distribution system or associatedfacilities with such lines or system by any licensee or consumeror a person engaged in generation in accordance with theregulations specified by the Commission |
| Open Access Consumer | Open Access Consumer means a consumer who iseligible to receive supply of electricity from a person otherthan the distribution licensee of his area of supply |
| Open Access Customer | Open Access Customer means a consumer permittedby the Commission to receive supply of electricity from a personother than distribution licensee of his area of supply, and theexpression includes a generating company or a licensee, who hasavailed of or intends to avail of open access |
| Outage | In relation to a Generator/ Transmission/Distribution facility, an interruption of power supply whethermanually or by protective relays in connection with the repair ormaintenance of the SGS/Transmission facility or resulting from abreakdown or failure of the Transmission /Distributionfacility/SGS unit or defect in its Auxiliary system. |
| Peak Period | That period in a day during which power demandis at its highest. |
| Planned Outage | An Outage in relation to a SGS unit for PowerStation Equipment or Transmission facility which has been plannedand agreed with SLDC, in advance in respect of the year in whichit is to be taken. |
| Power Station | An installation of one or more Generating Units(even when sited separately) owned and/or operated by the sameSGS and which may reasonably be considered as being managed as asingle integrated generating complex. |
| Power System | All aspects of generation, transmission,distribution and supply of electricity and includes one or moreof the following, namely:(a) generating stations;(b) transmission or main transmission lines;(c) sub-stations;(e) load despatch activities;(d) tie-lines;(f) mains or distribution mains;(g) electric supply-lines;(h) overhead lines;(i) service lines; |
| Protocol | Protocol is the software implemented to exchangethe information with external device or equipment throughinterfacing communication port. |
| PSERC / Commission | PSERC/Commission refers to Punjab StateElectricity Regulatory Commission functioning under section 82 ofthe Act. |
| PTW (Permit to Work) | Safety documentation issued to any person toallow work to commence on inter-user boundary after satisfyingthat all the necessary safety precautions have been established. |
| Reactive Energy | Reactive Energy means the integral of theReactive Power with respect to time. It is measured involt-amperes reactive hours and standard multiples thereof. |
| Reactive Power | Reactive Power means the product of voltage andcurrent and the sine of the phase angle between them measured inunits of volt amperes reactive and standard multiples thereof. |
| Reactor | An electrical facility specifically designed toabsorb Reactive Power. |
| Regional Transmission System | The combination of EHV transmission lines andassociated electrical equipment owned or operated by transmissionand distribution licensees in the region. |
| Remote Transmitting Unit (RTU) | RTU means a unit for data transmission indigital and sequential mode i.e. to transmit low level analogue /digital signals from transducers, switches, relays etc. connectedto it and to transmit received signal to devices connected to it |
| Rotational Load Shedding | Planned Disconnection of customers on arotational basis during periods when there is a significant shortfall of power required to meet the total demand. |
| Section | A section or part of this State Grid Code, whichis, identified as covering a specific topic. |
| Short-term open Access | Open access for a period up to one (1) month atone time. |
| Shut Down | The condition of a Generating Unit where it isat rest or on barring gear isolated from Grid or Transmissionfacility, which is at rest or isolated from Grid. |
| Simultaneous Maximum Demand (SMD) | For a given demand period, sum of individualdemands across all interface points in a Distribution Systemgives simultaneous demand of a Distribution Licensee for a givenperiod. SMD means the maximum demand value out of all suchsimultaneous demands for a month (i.e. maximum demand value outof 4 x 24 x 30 = 2880 periods in a 30 day month for demand periodof 15 minutes) |
| Spinning Reserve | Unloaded generating capacity, which issynchronised to the System and is ready to provide increasedgeneration at short notice pursuant to despatch Instruction orinstantaneously in response to frequency drop. |
| State | The State of Punjab. |
| State Entity | Such persons who are in the control area of SLDC& whose metering and energy accounting is done at the statelevel. |
| State Generating Station (SGS) | State Generating Station (SGS) means a powerstation within the State, except Inter-State Generating Station(ISGS) located within the State. This includes IPP and CPP |
| State Grid Code / Grid Code | The State Grid Code specified under clause (h)of sub-section (1) of section 86 of the Electricity Act,2003. |
| State Grid Code ReviewCommittee(SGCRC)/Committee | The Committee set up under Section 2 "Managementof State Grid Code" of State Grid Code. |
| State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) | The State Load Despatch Centre means the loaddespatch centre established under sub-section (1) of section 31of the Act and having its location at Ablowal (Patiala). Thisincludes any back up SLDC also. |
| State Transmission System (STS) | The system of EHV electric lines and electricalequipment operated and/or maintained by STU or any TransmissionLicensee for the purpose of the transmission of electricitywithin the state. |
| State Transmission Utility (STU) | The Board or Government Company specified assuch by the Government of Punjab under sub-section (1) of section39 of the Electricity Act, 2003. |
| Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) | The combination of transducers, RTU,communication links and data processing systems, which providesinformation to the SLDC on the operational state of the StateTransmission System. |
| Synchronised | The condition where an incoming Generating Unitor System is connected to another System so that the voltage,frequencies and phase relationships of that Generating Unit orSystem, as the case may be, and the System to which it isconnected are identical and the terms "Synchronise" and"Synchronisation" shall be construed accordingly. |
| Time Block | Block of 15 minutes each for which SpecialEnergy Meters record values of specified electrical parameterswith first time block starting at 00.00 Hrs. |
| Transmission Licence / Licence | The Licence to be granted by the Commissionunder section 14 of Electricity Act, 2003. |
| Transmission Planning Criteria | The policy, standards and guidelines issued bythe CEA for the planning and design of the Transmission system. |
| Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM) | The amount of margin kept in the total transfercapability necessary to ensure that the interconnectedtransmission network is secure under a reasonable range ofuncertainties in system conditions. |
| Unscheduled Generation | The difference between the actual generation andthe scheduled generation. |
| Unscheduled Interchange (UI) | In a time block for a generating station or aseller means its total actual generation minus its totalscheduled generation and for a beneficiary or buyer means itstotal actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal. |
| User | A person such as a Generating Company includingCaptive Generating Plant or Transmission Licensee ( other thanthe Central Transmission Utility and State Transmission utility)or Distribution Licensee (including PSPCL) or EHV Consumer orOpen Access Consumer, whose electrical plant is connected to theState transmission system at a voltage level 33kV and above. |