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[Cites 25, Cited by 5]

Chattisgarh High Court

Shalini Convent School, Boirdadar vs The State Of Chhattisgarh 168 ... on 27 November, 2017

Author: Sanjay K. Agrawal

Bench: Sanjay K. Agrawal

                                                     W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                 and other connected cases

                            Page 1 of 19

                                                                     AFR

         HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH, BILASPUR

                 Writ Petition (C) No.1001 of 2016

   St. Ann's English Medium School, Gharghoda, P.O. Raigarh (C.G.)
   496 001, Through its Principal Sr. Shaly Methew, D/o M.J. Mathew,
   aged 45 years, residing at St. Ann's Convent, Gharghoda, Raigarh
   (C.G.)
                                                        ---- Petitioner

                               Versus

1. The State of Chhattisgarh, Represented by Chief Secretary,
   Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

2. District Education Officer, DEO Office, Raigarh District (C.G.)

3. Commissioner, ST & SC Development,                   Government      of
   Chhattisgarh, Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

4. The Secretary, Government of Chhattisgarh, School Education
   Department, Mantralay, Mahandi Bhavan, New Raipur (C.G.)

5. The Director, Lok Sikshan Sanchalanalaya, Indravati Bhavan, Wing
   3, First Floor, New Raipur (C.G.)

6. The Collector, Collectorate, Raigarh (C.G.)

7. Union of India, through the Secretary to Govt., Ministry of Home
   Affairs, South Block, New Delhi.
                                                   ---- Respondents

                    Writ Petition (C) No.1005 of 2016

   Shalini Convent School, Boirdadar, Raigarh (C.G.) 496001,
   Through its Principal Sr. Jwala, D/o P.J. Augustine, aged 39 years,
   residing at Shalini Bhavan, Boirdadar, Raigarh (C.G.)
                                                          ---- Petitioner

                               Versus

1. The State of Chhattisgarh, Represented by Chief Secretary,
   Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

2. District Education Officer, DEO Office, Raigarh District (C.G.)

3. Commissioner, ST & SC Development,                   Government      of
   Chhattisgarh, Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)
                                                      W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                 and other connected cases

                            Page 2 of 19

4. The Secretary, Government of Chhattisgarh, School Education
   Department, Mantralaya, Mahandi Bhavan, New Raipur (C.G.)

5. The Director, Lok Sikshan Sanchalanalaya, Indravati Bhavan, Wing
   3, First Floor, New Raipur (C.G.)

6. The Collector, Collectorate, Raigarh (C.G.)

7. Union of India, through the Secretary to Govt., Ministry of Home
   Affairs, South Block, New Delhi.
                                                   ---- Respondents

                    Writ Petition (C) No.1007 of 2016

   St. Ann's High School, Basanpali, Tamnar, P.O. Raigarh (C.G.),
   Through its Principal Sr. Veronica, D/o Gabriel Kalapala, aged 47
   years, residing at St. Ann's Convent, Basanpali, Tamnar, Raigarh
   (C.G.)
                                                        ---- Petitioner

                               Versus

1. The State of Chhattisgarh, Represented by Chief Secretary,
   Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

2. District Education Officer, DEO Office, Raigarh District (C.G.)

3. Commissioner, ST & SC Development,                   Government      of
   Chhattisgarh, Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

4. The Secretary, Government of Chhattisgarh, School Education
   Department, Mantralaya, Mahandi Bhavan, New Raipur (C.G.)

5. The Director, Lok Sikshan Sanchalanalaya, Indravati Bhavan, Wing
   3, First Floor, New Raipur (C.G.)

6. The Collector, Collectorate, Raigarh (C.G.)

7. Union of India, through the Secretary to Govt., Ministry of Home
   Affairs, South Block, New Delhi.
                                                   ---- Respondents

                                   AND

                    Writ Petition (C) No.1006 of 2016

   Carmel Convent Senior Secondary School, Laxmipur, Raigarh
   (C.G.), Through its Principal Sr. Aruna, D/o S. Swamidorai, aged
   58 years, residing at Carmel Convent, Laxmipur, Raigarh (C.G.)
                                                       ---- Petitioner
                                                         W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                    and other connected cases

                                Page 3 of 19

                                  Versus

   1. The State of Chhattisgarh, Represented by Chief Secretary,
      Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

   2. District Education Officer, DEO Office, Raigarh District (C.G.)

   3. Commissioner, ST & SC Development,                    Government     of
      Chhattisgarh, Mantralaya, Raipur (C.G.)

   4. The Secretary, Government of Chhattisgarh, School Education
      Department, Mantralaya, Mahandi Bhavan, New Raipur (C.G.)

   5. The Director, Lok Sikshan Sanchalanalaya, Indravati Bhavan, Wing
      3, First Floor, New Raipur (C.G.)

   6. The Collector, Collectorate, Raigarh (C.G.)

   7. Union of India, through the Secretary to Govt., Ministry of Home
      Affairs, South Block, New Delhi.
                                                      ---- Respondents

For Petitioners:      Dr. P. George Giri and Mr. Kishore Narayan,
                      Advocates.
For Respondents No.1 to 6 / State: -
                      Mr. Prasun Kumar Bhaduri, Govt. Advocate.
For Respondent No.7: Mr. B. Gopa Kumar, Assistant Solicitor General of
                      India.

                   Hon'ble Shri Justice Sanjay K. Agrawal

                              Order On Board

27/11/2017

   1. The petitioners - educational institutions claiming to be the minority

      unaided private educational institutions under Article 30(1) of the

      Constitution of India, invoking the writ jurisdiction of this Court

      under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, have filed these writ

      petitions for enforcement of their fundamental rights guaranteed

      under Articles 30, 14 and 19 of the Constitution of India restraining

      the State Government from initiating adverse action de-recognising

      them and questioning the impugned order directing them to
                                                     W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                and other connected cases

                            Page 4 of 19

  produce certificate of religious minority institution by the State

  Government failing which the petitioners schools will be de-

  recognised for not admitting 25% students as provided in Section

  12(1)(c) of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education

  Act, 2009 (for short, 'the RTE Act, 2009').

2. Essential facts necessary to adjudicate the plea raised at the Bar

  are as under: -

  3.1) It is the case of the petitioners that they are the Christian

  Minority Unaided Educational Institutes having minority status

  certificate issued to them by the National Commission for Minority

  Educational Institutions under the National Commission for Minority

  Educational Institutions Act, 2004 (for short, 'the NCMEI Act,

  2004').   In W.P.(C)Nos.1001/2016 and 1007/2016, the minority

  status certificate was granted on 26-5-2011 and in W.P.(C)

  Nos.1005/2016 and 1006/2016, the said certificate was granted on

  21-1-2015.    Thereafter, the Nodal Officer of the RTE i.e. the

  Principal of Government Higher Secondary School, Raigarh,

  directed the petitioners to admit 25% free seats under the RTE Act,

  2009 as per the direction of the District Education Officer, Raigarh,

  to which the petitioners replied that the petitioners are the Christian

  Minority Unaided Educational Institutes and are exempted from the

  provisions of the RTE Act, 2009 and also submitted permanent

  minority status certificate granted under the provisions of the

  NCMEI Act, 2004, but series of letters were exchanged between

  the parties, however, ultimately, on 3-12-2015, finally, notices were
                                                   W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                              and other connected cases

                               Page 5 of 19

given to the petitioners to produce minority recognition certificate

issued by an authority of the State Government and / or to admit

students as per the direction of the respondents failing which the

recognition of the schools will be cancelled.

3.2) It is the further case of the petitioners that the District

Education Officer, Raigarh publicly announced that the petitioners

will admit students as per the RTE Act, 2009 from 1 st of April, 2016

by which the petitioners institutions suffered embarrassment and

thereafter, they have directly filed writ petitions before the Supreme

Court and ultimately, withdrawn the same to file writ petitions

before this Court and have filed these writ petitions before this

Court stating that the certificate granted under the NCMEI Act,

2004 is a valid minority status certificate which cannot be ignored

and the provisions of the RTE Act, 2009, would not be applied to

the petitioner institutions.

3.3) Return has been filed by the State / respondents No.1 to 6

stating inter alia that the RTE Act, 2009 has been enacted to give

effect to the provisions contained in Article 21-A read with Article

45 of the Constitution of India which is imperative in nature and as

such, the provisions of the RTE Act, 2009 are mandatory in nature

and the petitioners have even not obtained the necessary

certificate issued by the competent authority of the State

Government and therefore rightly, notice has been issued to the

petitioners institutions on 3-12-2015 directing them to comply the

RTE Act, 2009 failing which the recognition of the schools will be
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                                              and other connected cases

                           Page 6 of 19

  cancelled by de-affiliating the schools run by them.

  3.4) Rejoinder on behalf of the petitioners has been filed

  controverting the allegations made in the return.

  3.5) Since common question of law and fact is involved in these

  writ petitions, they are being disposed of by this common order.

3. Dr. P. George Giri, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners,

  would submit that the petitioners institutions are reputed Christian

  Minority Unaided Private Educational Institutions under Article

  30(1) of the Constitution of India and they made application for

  grant of minority status certificate to the State Government, but the

  State Government unnecessarily and unreasonably delayed the

  adjudication of the said application leading to filing of application

  under the provisions of Section 2(g) read with Sections 11(f) and

  12B of the NCMEI Act, 2004 for granting minority status of

  educational institution to the petitioners before the National

  Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI) which

  the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions has

  considered and granted in favour of the petitioners insofar as W.P.

  (C) Nos.1001/2016 and 1007/2016 on 26-5-2011 and in W.P.(C)

  Nos.1005/2016 and 1006/2016 on 21-1-2015, and declared the

  petitioners educational institutions to be the minority educational

  institutions and therefore they are entitled for grant of minority

  status and issued necessary certificate holding that St. Ann's

  English Medium School, Gharghoda has been declared as minority

  educational institute covered under Section 2(g) of the NCMEI Act,
                                                        W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                   and other connected cases

                                 Page 7 of 19

       2004.   Therefore, the State Government cannot ignore it and

       cannot direct for grant of certificate by the authorities of the State

       Government. He would further submit that the Supreme Court in

       the   matter   of   Pramati   Educational     and   Cultural    Trust

       (Registered) and others v. Union of India and others 1 has

       declared the 2009 Act ultra vires to the Constitution as it is made

       applicable to minority schools referred in clause (1) of Article 30 of

       the Constitution of India. Therefore, the impugned orders passed

       by the State Government deserve to be quashed.

    4. Mr. Prasun Kumar Bhaduri, learned Government Advocate

       appearing for the State/respondents No.1 to 6, would support the

       impugned orders. He would submit that firstly, it must be noted

       that the expansive provisions of the 2009 Act are intended not only

       to guarantee the right to free and compulsory eduction to children,

       but to set up an intrinsic regime for providing the right to education

       to all children by providing the required infrastructure and

       compliance with norms and standards. Secondly, he would submit

       that unlike other fundamental rights, the right to education places a

       burden not only on the State, but also on the parent/guardian of

       every child. The Constitution directs both burdens to achieve one

       end: the compulsory education of children free from the barriers of

       cost, parental obstruction or State inaction. Thus, Articles 21A and

       51A(k) of the Constitution of India balance the relative burdens on

       the parents and the State. Thus, the right to education envisages a

       reciprocal agreement between the State and the parents and it
1   (2014) 8 SCC 1
                                                       W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                  and other connected cases

                               Page 8 of 19

     places an affirmative burden on all stakeholders in our civil society.

     Thirdly, the right to establish an educational institution has now

     been recognised as a fundamental right within the meaning of

     Article 19(1)(g).   This view is enforced by the opinion of the

     Supreme Court in the matters of T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State

     of Karnataka2 and P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra 3 that all

     citizens have a right to establish and administer educational

     institutions under Articles 19(1)(g) and 19(2) of the Constitution of

     India but that right is subject to the provisions of Articles 19(6) and

     26(a). The constitutional obligation of the State to provide for free

     and compulsory education to the specified category of children is

     coextensive with the fundamental right guaranteed under Article

     19(1)(g) to establish an educational institution.         Lastly, the

     fundamental right to establish an educational institution cannot be

     confused with the right to ask for recognition or affiliation. The

     exercise of a fundamental right to establish and administer an

     educational institution can be controlled in a number of ways.

     Indeed, matters relating to the right to grant of recognition and/or

     affiliation are covered within the realm of statutory right, which,

     however, will have to satisfy the test of reasonable restriction.

     Lastly, he would submit that the impugned order is unexceptionable

     and the writ petitions deserve to be dismissed.

  5. I have heard learned counsel for the parties and considered the

     rival submissions made herein-above and also gone through the

2 (2002) 8 SCC 481
3 (2005) 6 SCC 537
                                                       W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                  and other connected cases

                             Page 9 of 19

   records with utmost circumspection.

6. The first question is as to whether the petitioner institution is a

   minority educational institution entitled to the privilege conferred

   under Article 30(1) of the Constitution of India.

7. The writ petitioners in this case made an application to the State

   Government for grant of certificate / grant of minority status

   certificate which remained pending, as the Commissioner, Tribal

   Development / the Director, Tribal Welfare is the competent

   authority, but the certificate was not granted leading to filing of

   application by the petitioners before the National Commission for

   Minority Educational Institutions under the NCMEI Act, 2004.

8. The NCMEI Act, 2004 has been enacted to constitute a National

   Commission for Minority Education Institutions and to provide for

   matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Section 2(g) of

   the NCMEI Act, 2004 defines Minority Educational Institution which

   states as under: -

         "Minority Educational Institution" means a college or an
         educational institution established and administered by
         a minority or minorities;

9. Likewise, Section 11(f) of the NCMEI Act, 2004 is one of the

   functions of the Commission which states as under: -

         "11. Functions of Commission.--Notwithstanding
         anything contained in any other law for the time being
         in force, the Commission shall--

                               ***   ***    ***

            (f) decide all questions relating to the status of any
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                             Page 10 of 19

            institution as a Minority Educational Institution and
            declare its status as such;"

10. Section 12B of the NCMEI Act, 2004 is power and jurisdiction of

   the Commission to decide on the minority status of an educational

   institution. Sub-section (1) of Section 12B of the NCMEI Act, 2004,

   states as under: -

         "12B. Power of Commission to decide on the
         minority status of an educational institution.--(1)
         Without prejudice to the provisions contained in the
         National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 (19 of
         1992), where an authority established by the Central
         Government or any State Government, as the case
         may be, for grant of minority status to any educational
         institution rejects the application for the grant of such
         status, the aggrieved person may appeal against such
         order of the authority to the Commission."

11. A focused perusal of the aforesaid provisions would show that one

   of the functions of the National Commission for Minority

   Educational Institutions is to adjudicate all questions relating to the

   status of any institution and to make a declaration to that effect that

   particular educational institution is a minority educational institution.

   Section 12B of the NCMEI Act, 2004 is power of the Commission to

   take decision on the minority status of an educational institution in

   case where such an application is rejected by the State

   Government or the Central Government, as the case may be.

12. This would bring me to the facts of the present case in hand. In the

   instant case, admittedly, temporary minority status certificate was

   granted to the petitioners for one year on 28-11-2008, but it is the
                                                   W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                              and other connected cases

                            Page 11 of 19

   case of the petitioners that application for permanent minority

   status certificate remained pending undetermined and it was kept

   undecided unnecessarily which led to filing of application before the

   National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions and the

   Commission considered and finally, granted minority status

   certificate under the provisions of the NCMEI Act, 2004 on 26-5-

   2011 in one case and similar in another case on 21-1-2015. The

   certificate so granted has not been challenged by the State

   Government and that certificate has attained finality in absence of

   challenge laid in a duly constituted proceeding under the NCMEI

   Act, 2004.

13. The petitioners produced the certificate of minority educational

   institution granted by the National Commission for Minority

   Educational Institutions before the State Government and its

   authorities, but the District Education Officer has ignored the same

   holding that in order to avail the benefit under Article 30(1) of the

   Constitution of India, the petitioners must produce the certificate

   issued by the State authorities i.e. by the Director, Department of

   SC & ST. Once certificate has been issued by the Commission

   which is competent to issue certificate under the NCMEI Act, 2004,

   the State Government and its authorities cannot compel the

   petitioners to get certificate from an authority who is appointed by

   the order of the Government, as the statutory authority under the

   NCMEI Act, 2004 has granted minority status certificate to the

   petitioners and the same is binding on the State Government.
                                                          W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                     and other connected cases

                                   Page 12 of 19

   Therefore, the certificate granted by the authority under the NCMEI

   Act, 2004 will prevail and is binding on the State Government and

   the State Government or the State authorities cannot ignore the

   certificate and the declaration made as a minority educational

   institution holding it to be covered by Section 2(g) of the NCMEI

   Act, 2004, unless it is set aside in accordance with the NCMEI Act,

   2004 by the authority having jurisdiction. Therefore, it is held that

   the petitioners are minority educational institutions covered under

   Section 2(g) of the NCMEI Act, 2004.

14. Now, the question would be whether the RTE Act, 2009, would be

   applicable to the petitioners and they are bound to admit students

   to the extent of 25% as provided in Section 12(1)(c) of the RTE Act,

   2009.

15. Section 12(1)(c) of the RTE Act, 2009 states as under: -

           "12. Extent of school's responsibility for free and
           compulsory education.--(1) For the purposes of this
           Act, a school,--

           ***      ***    ***

                 (c) specified in sub-clauses (iii) and (iv) of clause (n)
                 of Section 2 shall admit in Class I, to the extent of at
                 least twenty-five per cent of the strength of that
                 class, children belonging to weaker section and
                 disadvantaged group in the neighbourhood and
                 provide free and compulsory elementary education
                 till its completion:"

16. The principles of law laid down by the Supreme Court in the matter

   of Society for Unaided Private Schools of Rajasthan v. Union
                                                               W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                          and other connected cases

                                   Page 13 of 19

     of India and another4 in this regard are as under: -

           "64. Accordingly, we hold that the Right of Children to
           Free        and   Compulsory     Education        Act,     2009   is
           constitutionally valid and shall apply to the following:

                (i) a school established, owned or controlled by the
                appropriate Government or a local authority;

                (ii) an aided school including aided minority
                school(s) receiving aid or grants to meet whole or
                part    of   its   expenses        from    the      appropriate
                Government or the local authority;

                (iii) a school belonging to specified category; and

                (iv) an unaided non-minority school not receiving
                any kind of aid or grants to meet its expenses from
                the appropriate Government or the local authority."

  17. Correctness of the aforesaid judgment was doubted and ultimately,

     the matter was referred to a Constitution Bench in the matter of

     Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust and others v. Union of

     India and another5, and ultimately, the Constitution Bench in

     Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust (Registered) (supra)

     answered the issue and held that "the 2009 Act insofar it is made

     applicable to minority schools referred in clause (1) of Article 30 of

     the Constitution is ultra vires the Constitution" and observed as

     under: -

           "54. Under Article 30(1) of the Constitution, all
           minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall
           have the right to establish and administer educational
           institutions of their choice.       Religious and linguistic

4 (2012) 6 SCC 1
5 (2013) 5 SCC 752
                                                      W.P.(C)No.1001/2016
                                                 and other connected cases

                              Page 14 of 19

           minorities, therefore, have a special constitutional right
           to establish and administer educational schools of their
           choice and this Court has repeatedly held that the
           State has no power to interfere with the administration
           of minority institutions and can make only regulatory
           measures and has no power to force admission of
           students from amongst non-minority communities,
           particularly in minority schools, so as to affect the
           minority character of the institutions.     Moreover, in
           Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala 6 Sikri, CJ., has
           even gone to the extent of saying that Parliament
           cannot in exercise of its amending power abrogate the
           rights of minorities. To quote the observations of Sikri,
           C.J. in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (supra):
           (SCC p. 339, para 178)

                     "178. The above brief summary of the work of
              the Advisory Committee and the Minorities Sub-
              Committee shows that no one ever contemplated
              that fundamental rights appertaining to the
              minorities would be liable to be abrogated by an
              amendment of the Constitution. The same is true
              about the proceedings in the Constituent Assembly.
              There is no hint anywhere that abrogation of
              minorities' rights was ever in the contemplation of
              the important members of the Constituent
              Assembly. It seems to me that in the context of the
              British plan, the setting up of Minorities Sub-
              Committee, the Advisory Committee and the
              proceedings of these Committees, as well as the
              proceedings in the Constituent Assembly mentioned
              above, it is impossible to read the expression
              'Amendment of the Constitution' as empowering
              Parliament to abrogate the rights of minorities."
                                               (emphasis supplied)

           Thus, the power under Article 21-A of the Constitution
           vesting in the State cannot extend to making any law
           which will abrogate the right of the minorities to
           establish and administer schools of their choice.

6 (1973) 4 SCC 225
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                   Page 15 of 19

      55.   When we look at the 2009 Act, we find that
Section 12(1)(b) read with Section 2(n) (ii) provides
that an aided school receiving aid and grants, whole or
part, of its expenses from the appropriate Government
or the local authority has to provide free and
compulsory education to such proportion of children
admitted therein as its annual recurring aid or grants so
received bears to its annual recurring expenses,
subject to a minimum of twenty-five per cent. Thus, a
minority aided school is put under a legal obligation to
provide free and compulsory elementary education to
children who need not be children of members of the
minority community which has established the school.
We also find that under Section 12(1)(c) read with
Section 2(n)(iv), an unaided school has to admit into
twenty-five per cent of the strength of Class I children
belonging to weaker sections and disadvantaged
groups in the neighbourhood. Hence, unaided minority
schools will have a legal obligation to admit children
belonging to weaker sections and disadvantaged
groups in the neighbourhood who need not be children
of the members of the minority community which has
established the school. While discussing the validity of
clause (5) of Article 15 of the Constitution, we have
held that members of communities other than the
minority community which has established the school
cannot be forced upon a minority institution because
that may destroy the minority character of the school.
In our view, if the 2009 Act is made applicable to
minority schools, aided or unaided, the right of the
minorities under Article 30(1) of the Constitution will be
abrogated. Therefore, the 2009 Act insofar it is made
applicable to minority schools referred in clause (1) of
Article 30 of the Constitution is ultra vires the
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                             Page 16 of 19

         Constitution. We are thus of the view that the majority
         judgment of this Court in Society for Unaided Private
         Schools of Rajasthan v. Union of India (supra) insofar
         as it holds that the 2009 Act is applicable to aided
         minority schools is not correct.

                56.   In the result, we hold that the Constitution
         (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005 inserting clause
         (5) of Article 15 of the Constitution and the Constitution
         (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserting Article
         21-A of the Constitution do not alter the basic structure
         or    framework      of    the   Constitution    and     are
         constitutionally valid. We also hold that the 2009 Act is
         not ultra vires Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution. We,
         however, hold that the 2009 Act insofar as it applies to
         minority schools, aided or unaided, covered under
         clause (1) of Article 30 of the Constitution is ultra vires
         the Constitution.         Accordingly, Writ Petition (C)
         No.1081 of 2013 filed on behalf of Muslim Minority
         Schools Managers' Association is allowed and Writ
         Petition (C) Nos.416 of 2012, 152 of 2013, 60, 95, 106,
         128, 144-45, 160 and 136 of 2014 filed on behalf of
         non-minority private unaided educational institutions
         are dismissed. All IAs stand disposed of. The parties,
         however, shall bear their own costs."

18. Thus, the Constitution Bench has clearly and unequivocally held

   that the RTE Act, 2009 insofar it is made applicable to minority

   schools referred in clause (1) of Article 30 of the Constitution is

   ultra vires the Constitution. Therefore, the RTE Act, 2009 is not

   applicable to the minority educational institutions referred in clause

   (1) of Article 30 of the Constitution of India. It is held accordingly.

19. A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court, as back as in the year
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                               Page 17 of 19

     1958, speaking through S.R. Das, C.J., In re The Kerala

     Educational Bill, 19577 while recognising right of minorities to

     establish and maintain educational institutions very pertinently and

     further holding that State has no right to interfere with the minority

     character of the educational institution, held as under: - (AIR p.

     985-86, paras 32 and 34)

           "(32) ...   There is, no doubt, no such thing as
           fundamental right to recognition by the State but to
           deny recognition to the educational institutions except
           upon terms tantamount to the surrender of their
           constitutional right of administration of the educational
           institutions of their choice is in truth and in effect to
           deprive them of their rights under Art. 30(1).          We
           repeat that the legislative power is subject to the
           fundamental rights and the legislature cannot indirectly
           take away or abridge the fundamental rights which it
           could not do directly and yet that will be the result if the
           said Bill containing any offending clause becomes law.
           ...

(34) ... There can be no manner of doubt that our Constitution has guaranteed certain cherished rights of the minorities concerning their language, culture and religion. These concessions must have been made to them for good and valid reasons. Article 45, no doubt, requires the State to provide for free and compulsory education for all children, but there is nothing to prevent the State from discharging that solemn obligation through Government and aided schools and Art. 45 does not require that obligation to be discharged at the expense of the minority communities. 7 A.I.R. 1958 SC 956 W.P.(C)No.1001/2016 and other connected cases Page 18 of 19 So long as the Constitution stands as it is and is not altered, it is, we conceive, the duty of this Court to uphold the fundamental rights and thereby honour our sacred obligation to the minority communities who are of our own. ..."

20. Thus, the provisions of the RTE Act, 2009 shall not be applicable to minority educational institutions under Article 30(1) of the Constitution of India. Since the petitioners institutions have been declared and are granted the status of minority institution by the NCMEI, the provision contained in Section 12(1)(c) of the RTE Act, 2009 will not be applicable to them and they are not required to admit 25% students from weaker section of society. Accordingly, the orders passed by the District Education Officer (Annexure P-1) are hereby quashed.

21. The writ petitions are allowed to the extent sketched herein-above. No order as to cost(s).

Sd/-

(Sanjay K. Agrawal) Judge Soma W.P.(C)No.1001/2016 and other connected cases Page 19 of 19 HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH, BILASPUR Writ Petition (C) No.1001 of 2016 St. Ann's English Medium School, Gharghoda Versus The State of Chhattisgarh and others and other connected cases Head Note Minority educational institutions are not required to admit 25% students from weaker section of society as provided in Section 12(1)(c) of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. vYila[;d 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dks lekt ds detksj oxkZsa ls 25 % fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izos'k nsuk vko';d ugha gS] tSlkfd fu%'kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z cky f'k+{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 2009 dh /kkjk 12¼1½¼x½ esa micaf/kr gSA