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[Cites 20, Cited by 0]

Patna High Court

Madan Sah vs The State Of Bihar And Ors on 10 December, 2024

Author: Harish Kumar

Bench: Harish Kumar

         IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
                   Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.6336 of 2018
     ======================================================
     Madan Sah, Son of Surya Narayan Sah, Resident of Village- Bhadraswar,
     Anchal- Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Petitioner/s
                                       Versus
1.   The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
     Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
2.   The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
     Patna.
3.   The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Government of Bihar,
     Patna.
4.   The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
5.   The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
6.   The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
7.   The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
     District- Araria.

                                                           ... ... Respondent/s
     ======================================================
                                       with
                  Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6510 of 2018
     ======================================================
1.    Sapan Kumar Das
2.   Pawan Kumar Das
3.   Ranjan Kumar Das
4.   Raghunath Das
5.   Bharat Kumar Das
6.   Arjun Kumar Das
     All are Sons of Adhan Chandra Das, Resident of Village- Refuge Colony,
     Bela, P.S.- Narpatganj, Dist- Supaul.

                                                                    ... ... Petitioner/s
                                       Versus
1.   The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
     Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
2.   The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
     Patna.
3.   The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
     Bihar, Patna.
4.   The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
5.   The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           2/36




  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District - Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District - Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6668 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Anita Devi, W/o Sri Muktanand Jha, Residing at Narendra Sadan, Flat No.
       2A, 2nd Floor, Justice Mandal Path Road no. 3, Ward No. 22, P.O. + P.S.-
       Shastringar, Distt.- Patna- 23.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6698 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Moti Lal Mehta, Son of Thuthar Mehta, Resident of Village-Bela, Ward No.
       5, P.S. Narpatganj, Distt. Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           3/36




  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6876 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Pramod Kumar Mandal, Son of Late Baldeo Mandal, Resident of Village-
       Atiyari, Forbesganj, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6878 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Sanjay Kumar Sah, Son of Late Ramjee Sah, Resident of Village- Jogwani,
       Ward No.11, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           4/36




                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                             with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6913 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Rahul Kumar Tejaswi, Son of Jeevan Prasad Sah, Resident of Village
       Forbesganj, P.S. Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                         ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6933 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Arvind Kumar Sah, Son of Late Dashrath Sah, resident of Village- Jogbani,
       Ward No. 6, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Respondent/s
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           5/36




       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7076 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Gurudev Bahardar, S/o Mahesh Lal Das, Resident of Village- Bhadeswar,
       P.S.- Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria

                                                                ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                              with
                       Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7149 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Nirmala Devi, W/o Sri Tirthanand Jha, Resident of Village- Parwaha Ward
       no.14, P.S.- Farbisganj, Dist- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                 ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                 with
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           6/36




                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7156 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Gobardhan Sah, S/o Badri Sah, Resident of village- Bhadeswar, P.S.-
       Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7346 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Rajendra Kumar Ray, Son of Late Satya Narayan Ray, Resident of Village-
       Bela, Yadav Tola, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                           ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                       with
                  Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7372 of 2018
       ======================================================
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           7/36




       Raghunandan Mehta, Son of Lakshman Mehta, Resident of Village- Bela,
       P.S.- Narpatganj, Dist.- Supaul.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7380 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Vishwanath Pd. Gupta, Son of Late Shyamdeo Gupta, Resident of Village-
       Basmatiya, P.S.- Narpatganj, Dist.- Supaul.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7391 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Dev Narayan Yadav, Son of Sri Tanuk Lal Yadav, Resident of Village- Bela,
       P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           8/36




                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                              with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7397 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Janki Devi, Wife of late Deo Lal Mehta, Resident of Village- Barouda, ward
       no. 8, P.O.- Banaili, Birpur, Distt. Supaul.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reform
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                             with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7423 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Shyam Sunder Mehta, Son of Late Sita Ram Mehta, Resident of Village-
       Bela, P.S.- Narpatganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           9/36




                                           Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                 ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7432 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Rajnish Kumar Jha @ Rajnish Kumar, son of Sri Ugranand Jha, Resident of
       Village- Forbesganj, Ward No. 20, P.S. Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                        ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7534 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Ishwar Mehta, Son of Fulchand Mehta, Resident of Village- Mehta Tola Bela,
       P.S.- Narpatganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          10/36




        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                    ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                             with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7560 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Duryadhan Chandra Das @ Duryadhan Das, S/o Rakhal Chandra Das,
       Resident of Village- Bela, P.S.- Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                        ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                          with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7587 of 2018
       ======================================================
  1.    Badri Pd. Gupta,
  2.    Kedar Pd Gupta,
        Both are Son of Jagat Pd. Gupta, Resident of Village- Bouraha, P.S.- Birpur,
        Dist.-Supaul.

                                                                        ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          11/36




        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7592 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Ram Sagar Mehta, Son of late Deo Narayan Mehata, Resident of Village-
       Bouraha, P.S. Birpur, District- Supaul.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7682 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Chhaya Devi, Wife of Hari Kishore Singh, Resident of Village- Farbisganj,
       P.S.- Farbisganj Dist.-Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          12/36




        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7753 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Gurudev Bahardar, S/o Mahesh Lal Das, Resident of Village- Bhadeswar,
       P.S.- Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                           Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                             ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                         with
                    Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7758 of 2018
       ======================================================
  1.    Bidyanand Mandal, Son of Nunu Lal Mandal,
  2.    Rajendra Prasad Das, Son of Sadanand Mandal,
        Both Resident of Village- Matiari, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                           Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          13/36




        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt of
        Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8135 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Gobardhan Sah, S/o Badri Sah, Resident of Village- Bhadeswar, P.S.
       Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                        ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Govt. of
        Bihar, Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Government of Bihar,
        Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                          with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8152 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Munna Kumar Sah, Son of Badri Sah, Resident of Village- Bhadeshwar, P.S.-
       Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                           Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          14/36




  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                              ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                            with
                     Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8166 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Surya Narayan Sah, Son of Late Lakshman Sah, Resident of Village-
       Basmatiya, P.S.- Forbesganj, District- Araria.

                                                                        ... ... Petitioner/s
                                           Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Govt. of
        Bihar Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                              with
                       Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8232 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Shanti Devi, Wife of Suga Lal Mehta, Resident of Village- Bouraha, P.O.-
       Banaili, P.S.- Birpur, District- Supaul.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Department, Government
        of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/ Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          15/36




  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                               ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8326 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Vikash Kumar, S/o Bharat Pd Sah, Resident of Village- Bhadeswar, P.S.
       Farbisganj, District- Araria.

                                                                       ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt. of Bihar,
        Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Government of Bihar,
        Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria, District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.

                                                                 ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
                                           with
                      Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8368 of 2018
       ======================================================
       Arun Kumar Swarnkar @ Arun Swarnkar, S/o Jagarnath Swarnkar, Resident
       of Village- Ghurna Bazar, P.S.- Ghurna, District- Araria.

                                                                  ... ... Petitioner/s
                                          Versus
  1.    The State of Bihar through Principal Secretary, Revenue and Land Reforms
        Department, Govt. of Bihar, Patna
  2.    The Principal Secretary, Land Acquisition Department, Govt of Bihar, Patna.
  3.    The Director, Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
  4.    The District Magistrate/Collector, Araria District- Araria.
  5.    The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  6.    The District Land Acquisition Officer, Araria, District- Araria.
  7.    The Executive Engineer, Road Construction Department, Road Division,
        District- Araria.
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          16/36




                                                 ... ... Respondent/s
       ======================================================
       Appearance :
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6336 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy-GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6510 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha-SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6668 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha- SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6698 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan- SC25
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6876 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan- SC25
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6878 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6913 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan- SC25
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 6933 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy -GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7076 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Md. Khurshid Alam -AAG12
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7149 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7156 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7346 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan-SC25
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7372 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy-GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7380 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7391 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha -SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7397 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7423 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha -SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7432 of 2018)
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          17/36




       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Md. Khurshid Alam- AAG12
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7534 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7560 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7587 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan- SC25
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7592 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Md. Khurshid Alam- AAG12
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7682 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Dhurjati Kumar Prasad, GP-14
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7753 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Md.Khurshid Alam -AAG12
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 7758 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha- SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8135 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha- SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8152 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy- GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8166 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy -GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8232 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Raj Kishore Roy- GP18
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8326 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Rishi Raj Sinha- SC19
       (In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 8368 of 2018)
       For the Petitioner/s      :       Mr. Sharda Nand Mishra, Advocate
       For the Respondent/s      :       Mr. Sajid Salim Khan- SC25
       ======================================================
       CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE HARISH KUMAR
       CAV JUDGMENT
         Date : 10-12-2024

                     Considering the identical nature of grievance based

         upon similar facts, with the consent of all the parties; these

         batch of the writ petitions were heard simultaneously and being

         disposed of by this common order/judgment
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                     2. The petitioners are land holders, the particulars of

         which are duly mentioned in the writ petitions and were

         acquired for the purposes of constructing Indo-Nepal Border

         Road under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in

         Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

         (For the brevity 'the Act, 2013').

                     3.    The      petitioners       are     aggrieved   with   the

         letter(s)/notice(s) issued under different Memo(s), as also the

         entire    proceeding       initiated     by    the     respondent   District

         Magistrate/Collector, Araria on the basis thereof the respondents

         have re-opened the proceeding of acquisition already finalized

         and the amount of compensation and solatium already paid to

         the petitioners and, as such, barred in terms of Section 37 of the

         Act, 2013. The petitioners are also aggrieved by the letters

         issued by the respondent District Land Acquisition Officer,

         Araria whereby the Bank account of the petitioners have been

         made frozen with instructions to the lead Bank to stop

         permitting operations until permission of the respondents. The

         petitioners are also assailed the decision of the respondents,

         leading to constitution of Six Men Committee and its report

         whereby the nature of the land have been changed from

         Residential to Agricultural. Finally, the petitioners sought
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          19/36




         quashing of the letters whereby the differential amount of

         compensation has been demanded from the petitioners.

                     4. In sum and substance, the petitioners sought a

         declaration that once the whole mechanism and process of

         acquisition of land right since preliminary notice published

         under Section 11 of the Act till payment of compensation

         pursuant to finality of award under Section 37 of the Act has

         been completed, no provisions of the Act confers any

         jurisdiction and authority upon the respondent Collector or the

         Respondent District Land Acquisition Officer to reopen the

         award by disputing the parameters and the basis leading to such

         finality of land acquisition proceeding.

                     5. The facts are not in dispute that a total 456.01.200

         acres of land from 64 villages falling under four Anchals viz

         Narpatganj, Forbesganj, Kurshakanta and Sikta were intended to

         be acquired by the State Government for constructing Indo-

         Nepal Border Road. The necessity and requirement expressed

         by the Road Construction Department for construction of

         aforenoted road, the land owned by the petitioners and other

         similar such landowners were proposed to be acquired by way

         of notification No. 639 dated 11.05.2016 issued under Section

         11(1) of the Act, 2013, published in the official gazette as well
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
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         as in newspapers. On 12.05.2016, the respondents published

         another notification under Section 19(1) of the Act, 2013

         regarding declaration and summary of rehabilitation and

         resettlement as prescribed in law for the land proposed to be

         acquired.

                     6. It is stated that in course of acquisition of the land

         of the petitioners, the respondent District Land Acquisition

         Officer, Araria called upon the petitioners to furnish the

         particulars of land, documents of title, details of interest in the

         said land, land possession certificate, rent payment receipts etc.

         The petitioners submitted the copies of the respective title

         deed/sale deed of the land, rent payment receipts and land

         possession certificate before the respondent District Land

         Acquisition Officer and also executed an affidavit as required by

         the said authority. Having completed all the paraphernalia, the

         respondent District Land Acquisition Officer took possession of

         the land of the petitioners, before the publication of final award.

         However, subsequent thereto, the petitioners received payment

         of compensation and solatium on different dates. The land(s) so

         acquired were handed over to the concerned agency after

         awarding contracts for construction of roads and finally roads

         have been constructed on almost all such acquired land and it is
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          21/36




         in public use for the present and thus the purpose, for which the

         lands have been acquired, have already been served and the

         whole project of acquisition has been finalized.

                     7. All of a sudden in the month of August, 2017, the

         petitioners learnt from their respective Banks that their accounts

         existing in the said Bank has been rendered frozen at the

         instance of the respondent District Land Acquisition Officer.

         The petitioners learnt from the contents of the letter that for

         undisclosed reasons, their Bank accounts had been subjected to

         stop operation until permission of the Collector. The petitioners

         received a letter bearing memo No. 459 dated 28.07.2017 by the

         respondent District Land Acquisition Officer whereby it was

         intimated that complaints were received from which it was

         inferred that in collusion with the requisitioning department, the

         nature of lands belonging to the petitioners were got converted.

         The issue was enquired by a team constituted for that purpose

         and the enquiry concluded that the aforesaid lands belonging to

         the petitioners happened to be agricultural in nature. By the

         aforesaid letter, the petitioners were asked to appear before the

         respondent Collector for hearing in the matter. The petitioners in

         some of the cases ensured their appearance and submitted reply.

         However, in the submission of the petitioners, no further
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          22/36




         information was made by any of the respondents and all of a

         sudden, the petitioners received a letter bearing Memo No. 181

         dated 17.03.2018 issued by the respondent District Land

         Acquisition Officer whereby the petitioners have been called

         upon to repay the differential amount of compensation on

         account of alleged excess compensation received by them,

         which were held recoverable in course of enquiry conducted by

         six men committee. As per the letter aforenoted, the lands of the

         petitioners were found to be agricultural whereas they have

         received compensation for the said land being residential in

         nature.

                     8. Similar issue as has been raised in this batch of writ

         petitions have come up for consideration in C.W.J.C. No. 6863

         of 2018 (Girish Kedia Vs. The State of Bihar & Ors.) and

         other analogous cases wherein this Court having taken note of

         the submissions advanced on behalf of the learned Advocate for

         the petitioners as well as the State respondents and after

         anxiously perusing the materials available on record vide its

         order/judgment dated 29.11.2024 dismissed all the writ petitions

         with certain observations.

                     9. In the ends of justice, this Court deems it proper to

         encapsulate the relevant paragraphs of the said decision
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                                          23/36




         [C.W.J.C. No. 6863 of 2018 (Girish Kedia Vs. The State of

         Bihar & Ors.)], which also governed the issues raised in the

         present batch of the writ petitions:

                                       "25.     Undisputedly        the     land,    in
                         question,        was          acquired           from      the
                         Raiyats/petitioners for constructing road over
                         Indo-Nepal       Border       under      the      Emergency
                         Provision of Section 40 of the Act, 2013. Section
                         40 of the Act, 2013 deals with the Special powers
                         in case of urgency to acquire land in certain
                         cases.

                                       26. Section 40 (1) clearly stipulates
                         that     in   cases      of   urgency,     whenever        the
                         appropriate          Government       so       directs,    the
                         Collector, though no such award has been made,
                         may, on the expiration of thirty days from the
                         publication of the notice mentioned in section 21,
                         take possession of any land needed for a public
                         purpose.

                                       27. Sub-Section 3 of Section 40 makes
                         it clear that before taking possession of any land
                         under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the
                         Collector shall tender payment of eighty per cent
                         of the compensation for such land as estimated
                         by him to the person interested entitled thereto.

                                       28. Sub-Section 4 of Section 40, which
                         would be relevant in the present matter needs to
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          24/36




                         be quoted hereinbelow:

                                                      "(4) In the case of any
                                        land to which, in the opinion of the
                                        appropriate        Government,     the
                                        provisions of sub-section (1), sub-
                                        section (2) or sub-section (3)are
                                        applicable,        the     appropriate
                                        Government may direct that any or
                                        all of the provisions of Chapter II to
                                        Chapter VI shall not apply, and, if it
                                        does so direct, a declaration may be
                                        made under section 19 in respect of
                                        the land at any time after the date of
                                        the publication of the preliminary
                                        notification under sub-section (1)of
                                        section 11."

                                     29. Bare reading of the aforesaid
                         provision, it is explicit that the appropriate
                         Government is empowered to direct that any or
                         all of the provisions of Chapter II to Chapter VI
                         shall not apply, and, if it does so direct that a
                         declaration made under section 19 in respect of
                         the land at any time after the date of the
                         publication of the preliminary notification. The
                         initial payment of compensation is only based
                         upon estimation done by the Collector.

                                     30. Admittedly after issuance of
                         notification under Section 11(1) of the Act, 2013
                         immediately further notification under Section
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          25/36




                         19(1) of the Act, 2013 as contemplated to invoke
                         the Emergency provisions under Section 40 of
                         the Act, 2013 has been issued on 12.05.2016.

                                     31. From cumulative reading of both
                         the notifications issued under Section 11(1) and
                         Section 19(1) of the Act, 2013, it is axiomatic
                         that the land, in question, is acquired under the
                         Emergency Provision of Section 40 of the Act,
                         2013 and thus the social impact assessment
                         study provided under Section 4 and the
                         provisions of hearing of objections under
                         Section 15 of the Act, 2013 shall not be
                         applicable; in as much as the compensation paid
                         by the Collector was based upon estimation.
                         Thus any acquisition proceeding commenced
                         under Section 40 of the Act, 2013 excludes the
                         provision of Chapter II to Chapter VI, if
                         otherwise it is directed under Section 19 of the
                         Act, 2013.

                                     32. In view of the aforesaid facts, the
                         submission of the learned Advocates for the
                         petitioners to the effect that at all the stages, as
                         discussed above, the nature of land as to
                         whether it is residential or agricultural have
                         brought to the attention of the acquisition
                         authority and such an important aspect would
                         not have been eluded the attention of the
                         authorities while carrying out such an exercise
                         with ground level, in the opinion of this Court
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                               26/36




                         does not stand substantiated.

                                         33.     It     is    noteworthy   that     the
                         Government of Bihar in the Department of
                         Revenue and Land Reforms vide its letter
                         contained in Memo No. 450 dated 12.04.2017
                         and further in Memo No. 150 dated 15.02.2018,
                         brought on record by way of counter affidavit,
                         issued under the signature of Principal Secretary
                         of the concerned Department communicated to
                         all the Collectors of the State of Bihar in public
                         interest that to resolve the dispute with regard to
                         acquisition of the land and its nature, category
                         or the rate, a committee was required to be
                         constituted under the Chairmanship of the
                         District          Magistrate.           Accordingly,       the
                         Government of Bihar took a decision to
                         constitute a Six Men Committee consisting of
                         District Magistrate, Additional Collector-cum
                         Rehabilitation and Resettlement Officer, District
                         Land Acquisition Officer, District Sub-Registrar,
                         Representative           of     Requisitioning    Authority,
                         Deputy Development Commissioner-cum-Chief
                         Executive Officer. The aforenoted letter also
                         made       it    clear        that   after   publication    of
                         notification under Section 19(1) of the Act, 2013
                         and before issuance of notice upon the affected
                         land holders/raiyats, there shall be a proper
                         inspection of the notified land and thereupon the
                         rate of the land shall be determined.
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                                           27/36




                                        34. In Rai Sahib Ram Jawaya Kapur
                         and Ors. Vs. The State of Punjab, reported in
                         AIR 1955 SC 549, the Hon'ble Supreme Court
                         held that ordinarily the executive power connotes
                         the residue of governmental functions that remain
                         after legislative and judicial functions are taken
                         away. The executive Government, however, can
                         never go against the provisions of the Constitution
                         or of any law. The executive function comprises
                         both the determination of the policy as well as
                         carrying it into execution.

                                     35. In the case of J & K Public Service
                         Commission vs. Narinder Mohan (Dr), reported
                         in (1994) 2 SCC 630, the Hon'ble Supreme Court
                         observed that the executive power could be
                         exercised only to fill in the gaps but the
                         instructions cannot and should not supplant the
                         law, but only supplement the law. Accordingly
                         exercising of Executive power cannot be in
                         contravention of the Constitution or any other
                         law.

                                     36.      While    executive   power   is
                         circumscribed by the limits imposed by the
                         Constitution, and by any other law, this does not
                         imply that executive power can be exercised only
                         when there is a law already in existence. The
                         executive's powers are not restricted solely to
                         carrying out the laws passed by Parliament. It
                         includes other functions such as supervising
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                           28/36




                         general       administration,           formulation,      and
                         execution of policy, etc.

                                     37. The Hon'ble Supreme Court has
                         also consistently held that such clarificatory
                         circulars cannot amend or substitute principal
                         legislation. But if the principal legislation made
                         thereunder is silent, then the Government can
                         issue    clarifications        to supplement         principal
                         legislation by issuing instructions.

                                     38. In the case in hand, the notification
                         under Sections 11(1) and 19(1) of the Act, 2013
                         have been issued on 11.05.2016 and 12.05.2016
                         before     issuance       of      the   aforenoted     letters,
                         nonetheless the modalities as contemplated there,
                         in the letters of the State Government is not in any
                         manner contrary to the prescriptions as provided
                         under the Act, 2013.

                                     39.     It       is     axiomatic    that      an
                         administrative decision which is not based on a
                         dispute between the two parties and which is not
                         rendered after hearing the parties, does not
                         operate as res judicata. The party affected by it as
                         also the authority making the decision are
                         amenable to review the same. The interests of
                         fairness to individuals whose interests will
                         otherwise be directly and prejudicially affected
                         may lead the Courts to attribute binding effect to
                         administrative acts and decisions which the
                         competent authority wishes to repudiate or
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          29/36




                         rescind. Indeed, it would seem that the legal
                         competence of administrative bodies to rescind
                         their decisions depends at least as much on
                         considerations of equity and public policy as on
                         conceptual classification (Prof. S.A.De Smith in
                         his "Judicial Review of Administrative Action",
                         3rd Edn.).

                                      40. Any administrative decision, there
                         is no legal obligation upon the person charged
                         with the duty of reaching the decision to consider
                         and weigh submissions and arguments or to
                         collate any evidence, to solve any issue. The
                         grounds upon which he acts, and the means
                         which he takes to inform himself before acting,
                         are left entirely to his discretion. Subsequently,
                         not    only     administrative   action,   but   also
                         administrative decision can be reviewed to
                         redress injustice caused thereby. It is implicit in
                         this principle that in redressing injustice to one
                         injustice should not be caused to some other.

                                      41. The law is well settled that any
                         amount paid/received without the authority of law
                         can always be recovered barring exceptions of
                         extreme hardships or prohibited under any
                         Statute/ Rules, but not as a matter of right. In
                         such situation, law implies an obligation on the
                         payee to repay the money, otherwise it would
                         amount to unjust enrichment. The Hon'ble
                         Supreme Court on various occasions held that the
 Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024
                                          30/36




                         excess payment of public money which is often
                         described as "tax payers money" belongs neither
                         to the officers who have effected over-payment
                         nor that of the recipients. Possibly, effecting
                         excess payment of public money by officers, may
                         be due to various reasons like negligence,
                         carelessness, collusion, favouritism etc. because
                         money in such situation does not belong to the
                         payer or the payee. Payments are being effected
                         in many situations without any authority of law
                         and payments have been received by the
                         recipients also without any authority of law. This
                         Court is also not unmindful of the fact that the
                         land of the petitioners have been acquired by the
                         State Government in terms of the prescription of
                         Act, 2013 and thus they should be compensated
                         adequately in commensurate with the valuation of
                         the land. In case, the land holders get less
                         payment against the value of their acquired land,
                         it would be certainly transgress the statutory and
                         constitutional right to property as mandated
                         under Article 300A of the Constitution, but once
                         they receive excess payment to the value of their
                         land, it would certainly amount to unjust
                         enrichment.

                                     42. In view of the above, this Court
                         does not find any error in the action of the
                         respondents in determining the nature of the land
                         and its rate, if the same was found to be unjust,
                         all the more, the Government is entitled to review
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                         an administrative decision, if the same is unjust
                         and contrary to law; that too, in the case in
                         hand, when the process of acquisition is yet to be
                         finalized by preparation and approval of the
                         award under Section 37 of the Act, 2013.

                                      43. This Court does not find that it is a
                         case where the Collector has reviewed his order;
                         on the contrary, the process has              never been
                         completed inasmuch as award has never been
                         prepared and approved. The compensation paid
                         to the petitioners were only based upon
                         estimation; Later on having apprised and
                         acquainted with the mistake committed by the
                         Land      Acquisition        Officer   and    the   other
                         responsible authorities, the same has been
                         rectified by constituting a Six Men Committee
                         and action has been taken against the erring
                         officials.

                                      45. So far the contention of the
                         petitioners that in case of difference of opinion
                         on the point of nature of the land, such dispute is
                         always       amenable         to   Land       Acquisition,
                         Rehabilitation        and      Resettlement     Authority
                         (hereinafter referred to as 'the LARRA') is
                         concerned the same does not find any substance
                         in the facts of this case.             The Act, 2013,
                         especially Section 51 of the Act provided a forum
                         i.e. LARRA to adjudicate the disputes relating to
                         acquisition of land, compensation payable and
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                         the preparation of compensation of which
                         interested persons have made different claim. If
                         there would have been any dispute with regard to
                         the determination of the nature of the land, such
                         a dispute may be referred to the jurisdiction of
                         the said authority having sufficient mechanism
                         available for redressal of grievance of any of the
                         parties to a land acquisition proceeding, which
                         might have arisen in relation to any issue
                         associated with such proceeding.

                                     46. There is no dispute that if the
                         Collector comes to the conclusion that the lands,
                         in    question,       are    agricultural,   but   the
                         compensation has been paid by treating it as
                         residential, in such circumstances, the aggrieved
                         party was supposed to take recourse to the
                         remedy available, as provided under Section 64
                         of the Act, 2013 by getting the matter referred to
                         the said authority, only if there is an award and
                         parties are aggrieved and not accepted the
                         award.

                                     47. Section 64 contemplates under the
                         Act, 2013 empowering the Collector to refer the
                         dispute to the Authority, if any person interested,
                         who has not accepted the award may by written
                         application require that the matter be referred
                         for determination of the Authority, whether his
                         objection be to the measurement of the land, the
                         amount of the compensation, the person to whom
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                                          33/36




                         it is payable or the apportionment of the
                         compensation. Section 64 (2) of the Act, 2013
                         mandates that the application shall state the
                         grounds on which objection to the award is
                         taken, provided that such application shall be
                         filed within six weeks from the date of the
                         Collector's award; and in other cases, within six
                         weeks of the receipt of the notice from the
                         Collector under section 21, or within six months
                         from the date of the Collector's award,
                         whichever period shall first expire.

                                      48. Perusal of the prescriptions as
                         contemplated under Section 64 of the Act, 2013,
                         clearly indicates that to invoke this provision it is
                         absolutely necessary to challenge the award, if
                         any person interested has not accepted the
                         award. In the case in hand, it is the admitted
                         position that award has not even been approved
                         till date.

                                      49. Reliance of the petitioner on a
                         decision of this Court in the case of Dhan Jee
                         Pandey (supra) has no application in the case in
                         hand as that was the case where land was
                         acquired under the National Highway Authority
                         Act, 1956, which is a self contained code and,
                         moreover, there was already an award passed by
                         the competent authority, but later on a decision
                         has been taken by the State to get the excess
                         amount refunded, which had already been paid,
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                         on account of having found the nature of the land
                         agriculture instead of residential.

                                     50. This Court has also gone through
                         the materials on record and found that before
                         reassessment/determination     of     the   land,   in
                         question, the land owners have been noticed and
                         many of them filed their response, thus, the
                         contention of the petitioners' that no notice or any
                         opportunity was given prior to determination of
                         land also does not get supported form the record.

                                     51. In view of the aforesaid facts,
                         circumstances and the position in law, this Court
                         does not find any merit in this batch of the writ
                         petitions. Let the award may be passed within a
                         period of three months, if not passed till date
                         after completing all the formalities. Suffice it to
                         observe that the petitioners would have the
                         liberty to assail the same in accordance with
                         prescription, as provided under the Act, 2013, if
                         any person interested has not accepted it.

                                     52. Now coming to the legality of the
                         impugned action of the respondent Collector to
                         the extent whereby, apart from directing the
                         petitioners to ensure the payment of deferential
                         amount of compensation; for the said purpose
                         has frozen the Bank accounts of the petitioners,
                         this procedure is apart from illegal and arbitrary,
                         do not have any sanction of law. Thus this Court
                         deprecate such action. However, the respondent
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                         authorities shall be at liberty to recover the
                         differential amount by taking recourse of Public
                         Demand Recovery Act, 1914 or through any other
                         Act, in accordance with law, after finalization of
                         the award, but without any interest accrued
                         thereupon, as the petitioners were never at fault.

                                     53.     All      the   writ   petitions   stand
                         dismissed with the aforesaid observation."

                     10. Apart from the issues finally adjudicated, as noted

         hereinabove, in C.W.J.C. No. 6863 of 2018 and other analogous

         cases, the petitioners have also placed reliance upon an order

         passed by the LARRA in Land Acquisition Reference Case No.1

         of 2019, which came to be disposed of vide order dated

         14.03.2022

holding one of the land holder, namely, Sushila Devi, entitled to get/receive the compensation amount for her acquired land, being Residential in nature and, accordingly, the office was directed to prepare the award.

11. Suffice it to observe that any order passed by the LARRA in a case, which was referred by the competent authority under Section 64 of the Act, 2013 is dependent upon the specific facts and circumstances of the said case and cannot be treated as a binding precedent unless the land holders would be able to show that his/her/their case(s) is/are identical to the said case. It has also not been disclosed to this Court as to Patna High Court CWJC No.6336 of 2018 dt.10-12-2024 36/36 whether in such case, there had been an award passed by the concerned Collector or not. So far the jurisdiction and power of the LARRA is concerned, the same has been duly considered by this Court in C.W.J.C. No. 6863 of 2018 (Girish Kedia Vs. The State of Bihar & Ors.) and other analogous cases, especially in paragraph nos. 45 to 49.

12. In view of the aforenoted facts, inter alia, the issue raised in the present batch of writ petitions have already been duly answered in the case of Girish Kedia (supra), all these writ petitions stand dismissed in similar terms.

(Harish Kumar, J) uday/-

AFR/NAFR                NAFR
CAV DATE                13.09.2024
Uploading Date          12.12.2024
Transmission Date       NA