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8. In order to appreciate the intended benefit of reservation provided under the Act some relevant provisions are referred here. Section 2 (a) "appropriate Government" meaning thereby a Central Government or any establishment wholly or substantially financed by that Government, or a Cantonment Board constituted under the Cantonment Act, 1924 and in relation to a State Govt.or any establishment wholly or substantially financed by that Govt. or any local authority, other than the Cantonment Board, the State Government; Section 2 (b) defines "blindness" whereby the person suffers from total absence of sight or visual acuity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200 (snellen) in the better eye with correcting lenses; or limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of 20 degree or worse. Section 2 (e) defines "cerebral palsy" meaning thereby a group of non-progressive conditions of a person characterised by abnormal motor control posture resulting from brain insult or injuries occurring in the pre-natal, peri-natal or infant period of development. Section 2 (i) defines "disability" meaning thereby blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness. Section 2 (l) defines "hearing impairment" means loss of sixty decibels or more in the better ear in the conversational range or frequencies. Section 2 (n) defines "leprosy cured person" which means any person who have cured of leprosy but is suffering from "loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity; manifest deformity and paresis but having sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity; extreme physical deformity as well as advanced age which prevents him from undertaking any gainful occupation may be construed as per above. Section 2 (o) defines locomotor disability means disability of the bones, joints or muscles leading to substantial restriction of the movement of the limbs or any from of cerebral palsy. Section 2 (q) defines "mental illness" means any mental disorder other than mental retardation. Section 2 (r) "mental retardation" means a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person which is specially characterized by subnormality of intelligence. Section 2 (t) defines "person with disability" means a person suffering from not less than forty per cent of any disability as certified by a medical authority. Section 2 (u) defines "person with low vision" means a person with impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or standard refractive correction but who uses or is potentially capable of using vision for the planning or executing of a task with appropriate assistive device. Chapter-II of the said Act deals with Central Co-ordination Committee and Chapter-III deals with State Co-ordination Committee, where under the Central or the State Government may constitute a body to exercise the powers and functions assigned under the Act. The said Chapter further deals with terms and conditions of the appointments and powers of the Committee. Chapter-IV give enormous powers to the appropriate Government to prevent occurrence of disabilities. Chapter-IV also provides that appropriate Governments and local authorities to provide free education to the children with a disability and to make schemes and programmes for formal education to them. Chapter-VI deals with the issue of employment whereunder as per Section 32 the appropriate Government shall identify the posts in the establishment which can be reserved for the persons with disability and may be reviewed at periodical intervals not exceeding three years. Section 33 provides reservation of posts, whereby appropriate Government shall appoint in every establishment such percentage of vacancies not less than three percent for persons or class or persons with disability of which one per cent each shall be reserved for persons suffering from (i) blindness or low vision; (ii) hearing impairment (iii) locomotor disability or cerebral palsy. Proviso of Section 33 confers a discretion to the appropriate Government, who may having regard to the type of work carried on in any department or establishment, by notification subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in such notification, exempt any establishment from the provisions of this section. Section 34 enumerates that employer in every establishment shall furnish such information or return as may be prescribed in relation to vacancies appointed for persons with disability that have occurred or about to occur in that establishment to such Special Employment Exchange as may be prescribed and the establishment shall thereupon comply with such requisition. Section 35 specifies that any person authorised by Special Employment Exchange in writing shall have access to any relevant record or document in the possession of any establishment. Section 36 makes it obligatory on the employer to maintain the record of the persons with disability employed in the establishment in such form and in such a manner as prescribed by the authority. Section 38 gives power to the appropriate Government and local authorities, who shall by notification formulate schemes for ensuring employment of persons with disabilities. Section 39 specifies that all education institutions to reserve sheets for persons with disabilities. Section 40 specifies that not less than 3% vacancies may be available in all poverty alleviation schemes for the benefit of persons with disabilities. Section 41 specifies the Government is under obligation to offer incentive to the employer both in public and private sectors to ensure at least 5% of the work force is composed of persons with disabilities. Chapter-VII provides that persons with disabilities must be given allotment of land and houses at concessional rates and on preference. Chapter-VIII makes it clear that persons with disabilities should be given special measures and they are not required to be discriminated in transport, on the roads, in the economic capacity and development and in the Government employment. Chapter-IX and X enumerates about the research and manpower development, and recognition of the institutions for persons with disabilities. Chapter-XI provides for institution for persons with severe disabilities. Chapter-XII related to execution of the said provisions by appointing Chief Commissioner and Commissioners to achieve ultimate object specified in Chapter13, bywhich the appropriate Government is bound to provided social security to the persons with disabilities.

11. In the case of National Federation of Blind v. Union Public Service Commission and Ors. reported in (2005)1 PDD 268, the Apex Court has observed that visually handicapped constitute a significant section of our society and as such it is necessary to encourage their participation in every walk of life. It is further considered that Ministry of Welfare, Government of India has undertaken various measures to utilize the potentialities of the visually handicapped persons. The Central Government has provided the reservation minimum to the extent 3% to group 'C' and 'D' posts to the physically handicapped persons including blind and partially blind. The Apex Court after perusing various circulars directed the Government of India and the Union Public Service Commission to promote the visually (blind and partially blind persons) and to permit them to compete the examination, which is held by Union Public Service Commission. It was further held that they shall be provided facility of writing Civil Services Examination either in Braille-script or with the help of a scribe.