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State of Bihar - Section

Section 55 in Bihar Factories Rules, 1950

55. Further safety precautions.

- Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1) of Section 21 in regard to the fencing of machine, the further precautions specified in the schedules annexed hereto shall apply to the machines noted in each schedule.[Schedule I] [Substituted by S.O. 686 dated 13.7.1988.]Textile Machinery Except Machinery used in Jute Mills
(1)Application. - The requirements of this schedule shall apply to machinery in factories engaged in the manufacture or processing of textiles other than Jute textiles. The schedule would not apply to machinery in factories engaged exclusively in the manufacture of synthetic fibres.
(2)Definitions. - For the purposes of this schedule-
(a)"Calender" means a set of heavy rollers mounted on vertical side frames and arranged to pass cloth between them. Calenders may have two or more rollers, or bowls, some of which may be heated.
(b)"Embossing calender" means a calender with two or more rollers, one of which is engraved for producing figure effects of various kinds on a fabric.
(c)"Card" means a machinery consisting of cylinders of various sizes and in certain cases flats covered with card clothing and set in relation to each other so that fibres in staple from may be separated into individual relationship. The speed of the cylinders and their direction of relation may vary. The finished product is delivered as a silver. Cards include the revolving flat card, the roller and clearer card, etc.
(d)"Card clothing" means the material with which the surface of the cylinder, deffer, flats etc. of a card are covered and consists of a thick foundation material made of, either textile fabrics, through which are pressed many fine closely spaced specially bent wires, or mounted saw toothed wire.
(e)"Comber" means a machine for combing fibres of cotton, wool etc. The essential parts are a device for feeding forward a fringe of fibres at regular intervals and an arrangement of combs or pins which at the right time, pass through the fringe. All tangled fibres, short fibres and nips are removed and the long fibres are laid parallel.
(f)"Combing machinery" includes a general classification of machinery including combers, silver lap machines, ribbon lap machines, and gill boxes but excluding cards.
(g)"Rotary staple cutter" means a machine consisting of one or more rotary blades used for the purpose of cutting textile fibres into staple lengths.
(h)"Garnet machine" means any of a number of types of machines for opening hard twisted waste of wool, cotton, silk etc.
Note. - Essentially, such machines consists of a licker is one or more cylinders, each having a complement worker and stripper rolls; and a fancy roll and offer. The action of such machine is some what like that a wool card, but it is much more severe in that the various rolls are covered with garnet wire instead of card clothing.
(i)"Gill box" means a machine used in the worsted system of manufacturing yarns.
Note. - Its function is to arrange fibres in parallel order. Essentially, it consists of a pair of feed rolls and a series of followers where the followers move at faster surface speed and perform a combing action.
(j)"In running roll" means any pair of rolls or drums between which there is a "Nip".
(k)"Interlocking arrangement" means a device that prevents the setting in motion of dangerous part of any machine or the machine itself while the guard, cover door or other measures provided to safeguard against danger is open or unlocked or not in position.
Note. - Which will also hold the guard, cover or door closed and locked while the machine or the dangerous part is in motion, otherwise, dangerous part of any machine or the machine itself will stop or will not be set in motion.
(l)"Kier" means a large metal vat, usually a pressure type in which fabrics may be boiled out, bleached, etc.
(m)"Ribbon lapper" means a machine or a part of a machine used to prepare laps for feeding a cotton comb.
Note. - Its purpose is to provide a uniform lap in which fibres have been straightened as much as possible.
(n)"Silver lapper" means a machine or part of a machine in which a number of parallel card silvers are drafted slightly, laid side by side in a compact sheet, and wound into a cylindrical package.
(o)"Loom"means a machine for effecting the interlocking of two series of yarns crossing one another at right angles.The warp yarns are wound on a warp beam and pass through headless and reeds. The filling is shot across in a shuttle and settled in place by reeds and slay and the fabric is wound on a cloth beam.
(p)"Starch mangle" means a mangle that is used specifically for starching cotton goods.
Note. - It commonly consists of two large rolls and a shallow open vat with several immersion rolls. The vat contains the starch solution.
(q)"Water mangle" means a calender having two or more rolls used for squeezing water from fabrics before drying. Water mangles may also be used in other ways during the finishing of various fabrics.
(r)"Mule" means a type of spinning frame having a head stock and carriage at its two main sections. The head stock is stationary. The carriage is moveable and it carries the spindles which draft and spin the roving into yarn. The carriage extends over the whole width of the machine and moves slowly towards and away from the head stock during the spinning operation.
(s)"Nip" is the danger zone between the roils or drums which by virtue of their positioning and movement create a nipping hazard.
(t)"Openers and pickers" means a general classification of machinery which includes breaker pickers, intermediate pickers, finisher pickers, single process pickers, multiple process pickers, willow machines, card and picker, waste cleaners, thread extractors, shredding machines, roving waste openers, shoddy pickers, bale breakers feeders, vertical openers, latice cleaner, horizontal cleaners and any similar machinery equipped with either cylinders, screen section, calender section, rolls, or beaters used for the preparation of stock for further processing.
(u)"Paddler" means a trough for solution and two or more squeeze rolls between which cloth passes after being passed through a mordant or dye bath.
(v)"Plaiting Machine" means a machine used to pay cloth into folds of regular length for convenience of subsequent process or use.
(w)"Roller Printing Machine" means a machine used for printing fabrics consisting of a large central cylinder, of pressure bowl, around the lower part of the perimeter of which is having a color through a furnisher roller, doctor blades, etc.
(x)"Continuous bleaching ranges" means a machine for bleaching of cloth in rope or open width with the following arrangement. The cloth, after wetting out, pass through a squeeze roll into a saturator containing a solution of caustic soda and then to an enclosed J-box. A V-shaped arrangement is attached to the front part of the J-box for uniform and rapid saturation of the cloth with steam before it is packed down in the J-box. The cloth, in a single strand rope from, passes over a guide roll down the first arm of the "V" and up the second. Steam is injected into the "V" at the upper end of the second arm so that the cloth is rapidly saturated with the steam at this point. The J-box capacity is such that cloth will remain hot for a sufficient time to complete the scouring action.
It then passes a series of washers with a squeeze roll in between. The cloth then passes through a second set of saturator J-box, and washer, where it is treated with the peroxide solution. By slight modification of the form of the unit, the same process can be applied to open width cloth.
(y)"Mercerizing range" means a 3-bowl mangle, a tenter frame, and a number of boxes for washing and scouring. The whole set up is in a straight line and all parts operate continuously. The combination is used to saturate the cloth with sodium hydroxide, stretch it while saturated, and washing out most of the caustic before releasing tension.
(z)"Sanforizing machine" means a machine consisting of a large steam-heated cylinder and endless, thick woollen felt blanket which is in cloth contact with the cylinder for most of its perimeter, and an electrically heated show which processes the cloth against the blanket while the latter is in a stretched condition as it curves around feed in roll.
(aa)"Shearing machine" means a machine used for shearing cloth. Cutting action is provided by a number of steal blades spirally mounted on a roller. The roller relates in close contact with a fixed ledger blade. There may be from one to six such rollers, on a machine.
(ab)"Singing machine" means a machine which comprises heated roller, plate, or an open gas flame. The cloth or yarn is rapidly passed over the roller or the plate or through the open gas flame to remove fuzz or hairness on yarn or cloth by burning.
(ac)"Slasher" means a machine used for applying a size mixture to warp yarn. Essentially, it consists of a stand for holding section beams, a size box, one or more cylindrical dryers or an enclosed hot air dryer, and a beaming and for winding the yarn on the loom beams.
(ad)"Tenter frame" means a machine for drying cloth under tension.
Note. - It essentially consists of a pair of endless travelling chains fitted with clips of the fine pins and carried on tracks. The cloth is firmly held at the selvages by the two chains which diverge, as they move forward so that the cloth is brought to the desired width.
(ae)"Warper" means a machine for preparing and arranging the yarns intended for the warp of a fabric, specifically a beam warper.
(3)General Safety Requirements. - (a) Every textile machine shall be provided with individual mechanical or electrical means for starting and stopping all such machines. Belt shifter on machines driven by belts and shafting should be provided with a belt shifter lock or an equivalent suitable positive locking device.
(b)Stopping and stating handles or other controls shall be of such design and so positioned as to prevent the operator's hand or fingers from striking against any moving part or any other part of the machine.
(c)All belts, pulleys, gears, chains, sproket wheels, and other dangerous moving parts of machinery which either form part of the machinery or are used in association with it shall be securely fenced by safe guards of substantial construction which shall be constantly maintained and kept in position while the parts of the machinery they are fencing are in motion.
(4)Openers and pickers. - (a) In all openers or pickers machinery, beaters and other dangerous parts shall be securely fenced by suitable guards so as to prevent contact with them. Such guards and doors or covers of openings giving access to any dangerous part of the machinery shall be provided with interlocking arrangement:Provided that in the case of doors of opening giving access to any dangerous part, other than beater covers, instead of the interlocking arrangement, such openings may be so fenced by guards which prevent access to any such dangerous part and which is either kept positively locked in position or fixed in such a manner that it cannot be removed without the use of hand tools.
(b)The feed rolls on all openers and pickers machinery shall be covered with a guard designed to prevent the operator from reaching the nip while the machinery is in operation.
(c)The lap forming rollers shall be fitted with a guard or cover which shall prevent access to the nip at the intake of the lap roller and fluted roller as long as the weighted rack is down. The guard or cover shall be so locked that it cannot be raised until the machine is stopped, and the machine cannot be started until the cover or guard is closed :
Provided that the foregoing provision shall not apply to the machines equipped with automatic lap forming devices :Provided further that any such machine equipped with an automatic lap forming device shall not be used unless the automatic lap forming device is in efficient working order.
(5)Cotton Cards. - (a) All cylinder doors shall be secured by an interlocking arrangement which shall prevent the door being opened until the cylinder has ceased to revolve and shall render it impossible to restart the machine until the door has been closed :Provided that the later requirement in respect of automatic locking device shall not apply while stripping or grinding operations are carried out:Provided further that stripping or grinding operation shall be carried out only by specially trained adult workers wearing tight fitting clothing whose names have been recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf as required in sub-section (i) of Section 22 of Factories Act, 1948.
(b)The licker-in shall be guarded so as to prevent access to the dangerous parts.
(c)Every card shall be equipped with an arrangement that would enable the card cylinder to be driven by power during stripping or grinding operations without having to either shift the main belt to the fast pulley of the machine or to dismantle the interlocking mechanism. Such an arrangement shall be used only for stripping or grinding operations.
(6)Garnett Machine. - (a) Garnett Maker-in shall be enclosed.
(b)Garnett fancy rools shall be enclosed by guards. These shall be installed in way that keeps workers rolls reasonably accessible for removal or adjustment.
(c)The underside of the garnett shall be guarded by a screen mesh or other form of enclosure to prevent access.
(7)Gill Boxes. - (a) The feed shall be guarded so as to prevent fingers being caught in the pins of the intersecting fallers.
(b)All nips of in-running rolls shall be guarded by suitable nip guards conforming to the following specifications.
Note. - Any opening which the guard may permit when fitted in position shall be so restricted with respect to the distance of the opening from any nip point that the fingers of any person shall not reach that point through that opening and in any circumstances, the maximum width of the opening shall not exceed the following :
Distance of opening from nip point   Maximum width of opening
0 to 38 mm. - 6 mm.
39 to 63 mm. - 10 mm.
64 to 88 mm. - 13 mm.
89 to 140 mm. - 15 mm.
141 to 165 mm. - 19 mm.
166 to 190 mm. - 22 mm.
191 to 215 mm. - 32 mm.
(8)Silver and Ribbon Lappers. - The calender drums and the lap school shall be provided with a guard to prevent access to the nip between the in-running rolls.
(9)Speed Frames. - Jack box wheels at the head stock shall be guarded and the guard shall have interlocking arrangement.
(10)Spinning Mules. - Wheels on spinning rule carriages shall be provided with substantial wheel guards extending to within 6 mm. of the rails.
(11)Warpers. - Swivelled double-bar gates shall be installed on all warpers operating in excess of 410 meters/min. These gates shall have interlocking arrangement, except for the purpose of inching or jogging :Provided that the top and bottom bars of the gate shall be at least 1.05 and 0.53 meters high from the floor or working platforms and the gate shall be located 38 mm. from the vertical tangentment to the beam head.
(12)Slashers. - (a) Cylinder dryers. - (i) All open nips of in-running rolls shall be guarded by nip guards conforming to the requirements in clause 7 (b).
(ii)When slashers are operated by control levers, these levers shall be connected to a horizontal bar or treadle located not more than 100 cm. above the floor to control the operation from any point.
(iii)Slashers operated by push button control shall have stop and start buttons located at each end of the machine, and additional buttons located on both sides of the machine at the size box and the delivery end. If calender rolls are used, additional buttons shall be provided at both size of the machine at points near the nips, except when slashers are equipped with an enclosed dryer.
(b)Enclosed hot air dryer. - (i) All open nips of the top squeezing rollers shall be guarded by nip guard conforming to the requirements in clause 7(b).
(ii)When slashers are operated by control levers, these levers shall be connected to a horizontal bar or treadle located not more than 170 cm. above the floor to control the operation from any point.
(iii)Slashers operated by push button control shall have stop and start buttons located at each end of the machine and additional stop and start buttons located on both sides of the machines at intervals spaced not more than 1.83 meters on centres.
(13)Looms. - Each Loom shall be equipped with suitable guards designed to minimise the danger from flying shuttles.
(14)Valves of Kiers, Tanks and other Containers. - (a) Each valve controlling the flow of steam, injurious gases or liquids into a kier or any other tank or container into which a person is likely to enter in connection with a process, operation, maintenance or for any other purpose, shall be provided with suitable locking arrangement to enable the said person to lock the valve securely in the close position and retain the key with him before entering the kier, tank or container.
(b)Wherever boiling tanks, caustic tanks and any other containers from which liquids which are hot corrosive or toxic may overflow or splash, are so located that the operator cannot see the contents from the floor or working area emergency shut off valves which can be controlled from a point not subject to danger of splash shall be provided to prevent danger.
(15)Shearing Machine. - All revolving blades on shearing machines shall be guarded so that the opening between the cloth surface and the button of the guard will not exceed 10 mm.
(16)Continuous Bleaching Range (Cotton and Rayon). - The nip of all in running rolls on open width bleaching machiners rolls shall be protected with a guard to prevent the worker from being caught at the nip. The guard shall extend across the entire length of the nip.
(17)Mercerizing Range (Piece Goods). - (a) A stopping device shall be provided at each end of the machine.
(b)A guard shall be provided at each end of the machine frame at the in-running chain and the clip opener.
(c)A nip guard shall be provided for the in-running rolls of the mangle and washers and the guard shall conform to the requirements in clause 7 (b).
(18)Tenter Frames. - (a) A stopping device shall be provided at each end of the machine.
(b)A guard shall be provided at each end of the machine frame at the in-running chain and the clip opener.
(19)Paddlers. - Suitable nip guards conforming to the requirement in clause 7 (b) shall be provided to all dangerous in-running rolls.
(20)Centrifugal Extractors. - (a) Each extractor shall be provided with a guard for the basket, and the guard shall have inter-locking arrangement.
(b)Each extractor shall be equipped with a mechanically or electrically operated brake to quickly stop the basket when the power driving the basket is shut off.
(21)Squeezer of wringer extractor, water mangle, starch mangle, back washer (worsted yarn), crabbing machines and decating machines. - All in-running rolls shall be guarded with nip guards conforming to the requirements in clause 7 (b).
(22)Sanforizing and palmer machine. - (a) Nip guards shall be provided on all accessible in-running rolls and these shall conform to the requirements in clause 7(b).
(b)Access from the sides to the nips of in-running rolls should be fenced by suitable side guards.
(c)A safety trip rod, cable or wire centre cord shall be provided across the front and back of all palmer cylinders extending the length of the face of the cylinder. It shall operate readily whether pushed or pulled. The safety trip shall not be more than 170 cm. above the level at which the operator stands and shall be readily accessible.
(23)Rope washers. - (a) Splash guards shall be installed on all rope washers unless the machine is so designed as to prevent the water or liquid from splashing the operator, the floor or working surface.
(b)A safety trip rod, cable or wire centre cord shall be provided across the front and back of all rope washers extending the length of, the face of the washer. It shall operate readily whether pushed or pulled. This safety trip shall be not more than 170 cm. above the level on which the operator stands and shall be readily accessible.
(24)Laundry Washer, Tumbler or Shaker. - (a) Each drying tumbler, each double cylinder shaker or clothes tumbler, and each washing machine shall be equipped with an interlocking arrangement which will prevent the power operation of the inside cylinder when the outer door on the case or shell is open, and which will also prevent the outer door on the case or sheel from being opened without shutting off the power and the cylinder coming to a stop. This should not prevent the movement of the inner cylinder by means of a hand operated mechanism or an inching device.
(b)Each closed barrel shall also be equipped with adequate means for holdings open the doors on or covers of the inner and outer cylinder or shell while it is being loaded or unloaded.
(25)Printing Machine (Roller Type). - All in-running rolls shall be guarded by nip guards conforming to the requirement in clause 7 (b).
(b)The engraved roller gears and the large crown wheel shall be guarded.
(26)Calenders. - The nip at the in-running side of the rolls shall be provided with a guard extending across the entire length of the nip and arranged to prevent the fingers of the workers from being pulled in between the rolls or between the guard and the rolls, and so constructed that the cloth can be fed into the rolls safely.
(27)Rotary Staple Cutters. - The cutter shall be protected by a guard to prevent hands, reaching the cutting zone.
(28)Plaiting Machines. - Access to the trap between the knife and card bar shall be prevented by a suitable guard.
(29)Hand Baling Machine. - An angle iron handle stop guard shall be installed at right angle to the frame of the machine. The stop guard shall be so designed and so located that it will prevent the handle from travelling beyond the vertical position should the handle slip from the operators hand when the pawl has been released from the teeth of the take-up gear.
(30)Flat-work Ironer. - Each flat-work or coller ironer shall be equipped with a safety bar or other guard across the entire front of the feed or first pressure rolls so arranged that the striking of the bar or guard by the hand of one operator or other person will stop the machine. The guard shall be such that the operator or other person cannot reach into the rolls without removing the guard. This may be either vertical guard on all sides or a complete cover. If a vertical guard is used, the distance from the floor or working platform to the top of guard shall be not less than 1.83 metres.