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Union of India - Act

The Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at Sea) Regulations, 1975

UNION OF INDIA
India

The Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at Sea) Regulations, 1975

Rule THE-MERCHANT-SHIPPING-PREVENTION-OF-COLLISIONS-AT-SEA-REGULATIONS-1975 of 1975

Published on 25 June 1975
Commenced on 25 June 1975
[This is the version of this document from 25 June 1975.]
[Note: The original publication document is not available and this content could not be verified.]

The Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at Sea) Regulations, 1975Published vide Notification Gazette of India, 1975, Part 2, Section 3(i), page 1835.

1786.

G.S.R. 820, dated the 25th June, 1975. - In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 285 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (44 of 1958) and in supersession of the Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at sea) Regulations, 1962, the Central Government hereby makes the following regulations for the prevention of collisions at sea, namely :-

1. Short title and commencement.

(1)These Regulations may be called the Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at Sea) Regulations, 1975.

(2)They shall come into force on the date on which Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, done at London on the 20th day of October, 1972, enters into force.

2. Adoption of International Regulations.

- The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 and Annexures annexed thereto, which are set out in the Schedule appended to these regulations, are hereby adopted and they shall be deemed to be regulations framed by the Central Government under section 285 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (44 of 1958).The Schedule(See regulation 2)International Regulations For Preventing Collisions At Sea, 1972

Part A

GeneralRule 1Application

(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by sea going vessels.

(b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

(c)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceedings under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional stations or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.

(d)Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organisation for the purpose of these Rules.

(e)Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose can not comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or are of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, without interfering with the special function of the vessel, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or are of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as per Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these rules in respect of that vessel.

Rule 2Responsibility

(a)Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

(b)In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved which may make a departure from these rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

Rule 3General DefinitionsFor the purpose of these Rules except where the context otherwise requires :

(a)The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(b)The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery.

(c)The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

(d)The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus us which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.

(e)The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.

(f)The term "vessel not-under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstances is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to Keep out of the way of another vessel.

(g)The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

The following vessels shall be regarded as vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre:

(i)a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;

(ii)a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or under water operations;

(iii)a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;

(iv)a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft.

(v)a vessel engaged in mine sweeping operations;

(vi)a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as renders her unable to deviate from her course.

(h)The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of water is severely restricted in here ability to deviate from the course she is following.

(i)The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor or made fast to the shore, or a ground.

(j)The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel means her length overall and greatest breadth.

(k)Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.

(l)The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.

Part B – "Steering And Sailing Rules.

Section IConduct Of Vessels In Any Condition Of Visibility.Rule 4ApplicationRules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility.Rule 5Look-outEvery vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the preventing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.Rule 6Safe speedEvery vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

(a)By all vessels :

(i)the sate of visibility;

(ii)the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

(iii)the maneuverability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

(iv)at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of here own lights;

(v)the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

(vi)the draught in relation to the available depth of water.

(b)Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

(i)the characteristics, efficiency and limitation of the radar equipment;

(ii)any constrants imposed by the radar range scale in use;

(iii)the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

(iv)the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;

(v)the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar.

(vi)the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

Rule 7Risk of Collision

(a)Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists if there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

(b)Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning o risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c)Assumption shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

(d)In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account;

(i)Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii)such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a two or when approaching a vessel at close range.

Rule 8Action to avoid collision.

(a)Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.

(b)Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

(c)If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course along may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.

(d)Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

(e)If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing here means of propulsion.

Rule 9Narrow channels

(a)A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

(b)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage or a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

(c)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

(d)A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

(e)

(i)In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can takes place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

(ii)This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of here obligation under Rule 13.

(f)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel of fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an interventing obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).

(g)Any vessel shall, if the circumstances, of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

Rule 10Traffic separation schemes

(a)This Rule applies to traffic separations schemes adopted by Orgnisation.

(b)A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:

(i)Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;

(ii)so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;

(iii)normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining of leaving from the said shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.

(c)A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.

(d)In shore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through traffic which can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme.

(e)A vessel, other than a crossing vessel, shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except :

(i)in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;

(ii)to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(f)A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

(g)A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its termination.

(h)A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.

(i)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.

(j)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

Section IIConduct Of Vessels In Sight Of One Another.Rule 11ApplicationRules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.Rule 12Sailing vessels.

(a)When two sailing vessels are approaching one another so to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:

(i)When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;

(ii)When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;

(iii)if a vessel with the wind on the port side seeds a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty weather the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, he shall keep out of the way of the other.

(b)For the purposes of the Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

Rule 13Overtaking

(a)Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of this Section any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b)A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft here beam, that is in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither or her sidelights.

(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaking vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Rule 14Head-on situation

(a)When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter here course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.

(b)Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead an by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

(c)When a vessel is any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

Rule 15Crossing situationWhen two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.Rule 16Action by give-way vesselEvery vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.Rule 17Action by stand-on vessel

(a)

(i)Where by any of these Rules one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.

(ii)The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

(b)When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep here course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel along, we shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

(c)A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with sub-paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on here own port side.

(d)This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of here obligation to keep out of the way.

Rule 18Responsibilities between vessel.Except where Rules, 9,10 and 13 otherwise require :

(a)A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of :

(i)a vessel not under command;

(ii)a vessel restricted in here ability to manoeuvre;

(iii)a vessel engaged in fishing;

(iv)a sailing vessel.

(b)A sailing vessel under way shall keep out of the way of :

(i)a vessel not under command;

(ii)a vessel restricted in here ability to manoeuvre;

(iii)a vessel engaged in fishing.

(c)A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:

(i)a vessel not under commend;

(ii)a vessel restricted in here ability to manoeuvre.

(d)

(i)Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in here ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by here draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

(ii)A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to here special condition.

(e)A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists she shall comply with the Rules of this Part.

Section IIIConduct Of Vessels In Restricted Visibility.Rule 19Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility.

(a)This rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.

(b)Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adopted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility.

A power-driven vessel shall have here engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

(c)Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section 1 of this Part.

(d)A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists.

If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alternation of course, so far a possible the following shall be avoided:

(i)an alternation of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;

(ii)an alternation of course towards a vessel a beam or abaft the beam

(e)Except where it has been determined that risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of here beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.

She shall if necessary taken all here way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.

Part C – Light And Shapes

Rule 20Application

(a)Rules in this part shall be complied within all weathers.

(b)The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and paring such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do no impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.

(c)The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.

(d)The Rules concerning shapes shall be compiled with by day.

(e)The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

Rule 21Definitions

(a)"Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show then light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.

(b)"Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the force and aft centerline of the vessel.

(c)"Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to who the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(d)"Towing light" means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.

(e)"All round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

(f)"Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

Rule 22Visibility of LightsThe lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges :

(a)In vessel of 50 metres of more in length :

a masthead light, 6 miles;a sidelight, 3 miles;a sternlight, 3 miles;a towing light, 3 miles;

(b)In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length :

a masthead light, 5 miles, except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 metres; 3 miles;a side light, 2 miles;a towing light, 2 miles;a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.

(c)In vessel of less than 12 metres in length :

a masthead light, 2 miles;a side light, 1 mile;a sternlight, 2 miles;a towing light, 2 miles;a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.Rule 23Power-driven vessels underway

(a)A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit :

(i)a masthead light forward;

(ii)a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;

(iii)Side lights;

(iv)a sternlight

(b)An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light.

(c)A power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length and whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may, in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round white light. Such vessel shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights.

Rule 24Towing and pushing

(a)A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit :

(i)instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i), two masthead lights forward in a vertical line. When the length of the tow measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 20 metres; three such lights in a vertical line;

(ii)sidelights;

(iii)a sternlight;

(iv)a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight;

(v)when the length of the two exceed 200 metres, a diamond shape, where it can best be seen.

(b)When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23.

(c)A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit:

(i)instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i), two masthead lights forward in a vertical line;

(ii)side lights;

(iii)a stern light.

(d)A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) and (c) of this Rule apply shall also comply with Rule 23(a)(iii).

(e)A vessel or object being towed shall exhibit :

(i)sidelights;

(ii)a sternlight;

(iii)when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.

(f)Provided that any number of vessels being towed or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel.

(i)a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;

(ii)a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights.

(g)Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (e) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of the unlighted vessel or object.

Rule 25Sailing, vessels underway and vessels under oars

(a)A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit :

(i)sidelights;

(ii)a sternlight.

(b)In a sailing vessel of less than 12 metres in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen.

(c)A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

(d)

(i)A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(ii)A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(e)A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen at conical shape, apex downwards.

Rule 26Fishing vessels

(a)A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway of at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(b)A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as fishing appliances, shall exhibit:

(i)two all round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower while, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other a vessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket;

(ii)a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit : such a light but may do so;

(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(c)A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit :

(i)two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other, a vessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket;

(ii)When there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel, on all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear;

(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(d)A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations.

(e)A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the light or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.

Rule 27Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre

(a)A vessel not under command shall exhibit :

(i)two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen;

(ii)two balls or similar in shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen.

(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(b)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mines weeping operations, shall exhibit :

(i)three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white;

(ii)three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond;

(iii)when making way through the water, masthead lights sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in sub-paragraph (i);

(iv)when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(c)A vessel engaged in a towing operation such a renders her unable to deviate from here course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraph (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule, exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(c).

(d)A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations when restricted in here ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (b) of this Rule and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit :

(i)two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists;

(ii)two all-round green light or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass;

(iii)when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, masthead lights, side lights and a sternlight;

(iv)a vessel to which this paragraph applies when at anchor shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) instead of the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 30.

(e)Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit the shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, rigid replica of the International Code flag 'A' not less than 1 metre in height shall be exhibited.

Measures shall be taken to ensure all-round visibility.

(f)A vessel engaged in minesweeping operations shall, in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23, exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited at or near the foremast head and one at each end of the foreyard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach closer than 1,000 metres astern or 500 metres on either side of the minesweeper.

(g)Vessels of less than 7 metres in length shall not be required to exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule.

(h)The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessel in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations.

Rule 28Vessels constrained by their draughtA vessel constrained by here draught may in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.Rule 29Pilot vessels.

(a)A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit :

(i)at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red;

(ii)when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight;

(iii)when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in sub-paragraph (i), the anchor light, light or shape.

(b)A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.

Rule 30Anchored vessels and vessels aground

(a)A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:

(i)in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;

(ii)at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in sub-paragraph (i), an all-round white light.

(b)A vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit on all-round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule.

(c)A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate here decks.

(d)A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen :

(i)two all-round red lights in a vertical line;

(ii)three balls in a vertical line.

(e)A vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor or aground, not in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessel normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (d) of this Rule.

Rule 31SeaplanesWhere it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes of the characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible.

Part D – Sound And Light Signals

Rule 32Definitions

(a)The words "whistle" means any sound signaling appliances capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annexure III to these Regulations.

(b)The term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's duration.

(c)The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds' duration.

Rule 33Equipment for sound signals

(a)A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with a whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 metres of more in length shall, in addition, be provided with a gong the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annexure III to these Regulations. The bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the required signals shall always be possible.

(b)A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal.

Rule 34Manoeuvring and warning signals

(a)When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel under-way, when manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules shall indicate that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle :

one short blast to mean "I am altering my course to starboard";two short blast to mean "I am altering my course to port";three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern propulsion".

(b)Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out :

(i)these light signals shall have the followings significance :

one flash to mean "I am altering my course to starboard";two flash to mean "I am altering my course to port";three flash to mean "I am operating astern propulsion".

(ii)the duration of each flash shall be about the second the interval between flashes shall be about one second and the interval between successive signals shall be not less than ten seconds;

(iii)the light used for this signals shall, if fitted, be and all round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions Annexure I.

(c)When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairways :

(i)a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(e)(i) indicate her intention by the following signals on here whistle;

two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean "I intend to overtake you on your starboard side";two prolonged blasts followed by two short blat to mean "I intend to overtake you on your port side".

(ii)the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(e)(i) shall indicate here agreement by the following signal on her whistle :

one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order.

(d)when vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes.

(e)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast.

Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction.

(f)If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals.

Rule 35Sound signals in restricted visibilityIn or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows :

(a)A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.

(b)A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.

(c)A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught a sailing vessel, vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blast.

(d)A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the two if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts.

When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.

(e)When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule.

(f)A vessel of anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.

(g)A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (f) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.

(h)A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.

(i)A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (f) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of four short blasts:

Rule 36Signals to attract attentionif necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel.Rule 37Distress signalsWhen a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals prescribed in Annexure IV to these Regulations.

Part E – Exemptions

Rule 38ExemptionsAny vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith as follows :(a)The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22, until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.(b)The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed in Section 7 of Annexure I to these Regulations, until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.(c)The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemptions(d)(i)The repositioning of masthead lights on vessel of less than 150 metres in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(a) of Annexure I, permanent exemption.(ii)The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres or more in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(a) of Annexure I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.(e)The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2(b) of Annexure I, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.(f)The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(b) of Annexure I, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.(g)The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annexure III, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.Annexure IPositioning and Technical Details of Lights and Shapes

1. Definition. - The term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost continuous deck.

2. Vertical positioning and spacing of lights. - (a) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the masthead lights shall be placed as follows-

(i)The forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is carried, then that light, at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 12 metres.

(ii)when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward one.

(b)The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall be such that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and separate from the forward light at a distance of 1,000 metres from the stem when viewed from sea level.

(c)The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less than 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than 2.5 metres.

(d)A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the uppermost light at a height of less 2.5 metres above the gunwale.

When however masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a sternlight, then such masthead light shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sidelights.

(e)One of the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel when engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall be placed in the same position as the forward masthead of a power-driven vessel.

(f)In all circumstances the masthead light or lights shall be so placed as to be above and clear of all other lights and obstructions.

(g)The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull not greater than three quarters or that of the forward masthead light. They shall not be so low as to be interfered with by deck lights.

(h)The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a power-driven vessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than 1 metre below the masthead light;

(i)When the Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in vertical line, they shall be spaced as follows :-

(i)On a vessel or 20 metres in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, not be less than 4 metres above the hull;

(ii)on a vessel of less than 20 metres, in length as such lights shall be spaced not less than 1 metre apart and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, not be less than 2 metres above the gunwale;

(iii)when three lights are carried they shall be equally spaced.

(j)The lower of the two all-round lights prescribed for fishing vessel when engaged in fishing shall be at a height above the sidelights not less than twice the distance between the two vertical lights.

(k)The forward anchor light, when two are carried, shall not be less than 4.5 metres above the after one. On a vessel of 50 metres or more in length this forward anchor light shall not be less than 6 metres above the hull.

3. Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights.

(a)When two masthead lights are prescribed for a power-driven vessel the horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one half of the length of the vessel but need not be more than 10 metres. The forward light shall be placed not more than one quarter of the length of the vessel from the stem.

(b)On a vessel of 20 metres or more in length the side-lights shall not be placed in front of the forward masthead lights. They shall be placed at or near the side of the vessel.

4. Details of location of direction-indicating lights for fishing vessels, dredges and vessels engaged in under Water operations.

(a)The light indicating the direction of the outlying gear from a vessel engaged in fishing as prescribed in Rule 26(c)(ii) shall be placed at a horizontal distance of not less than 2 metres and not more than 6 metres away from the two all-round red and white lights. This light shall be placed not higher than the all-round white light prescribed in Rule 26(C)(i) and not lower than the sidelights.

(b)The lights and shapes on a vessel engage in dredging or underwater operations to indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to pass, as prescribed in Rule 27(d)(i) and (II), shall be placed at the maximum practial horizontal distance, but in no case less than 2 metres, from the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii). In no case shall the upper of these lights or shapes beat a greater height than the lower of the three lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii)

5. Screens for sidelights.

- The sidelights shall be fitted with inboard screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of section of this Annexure. With a combined lantern, using a single vertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and read sections, external screens need not be fitted.

6. Shapes.

(a)Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:

(i)a ball shall have diameter of not less than 0.6 met;

(ii)a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a height equal to its diameter;

(iii)a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height of twice its diameter;

(iv)a diamond shape shall consist of two cones as defined in (iii) above having a common base.

(b)The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metre.

(c)In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser dimensions but commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and the distance a part may correspondingly reduced.

7. Colour specification of lights.

- The chromaticity of all navigation light shall conform to the following standards which lie within the boundaries of the areas of the diagram specified for each colour by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner co-ordinates. which are as follow :-

(i) White
X	0.525	0.525	0.452	3.310	0.310	0.443
Y	0.382	0.440	0.440	0.388	0.283	0.382
(ii) Green
X	0.028	0.009	0.300	0.203
Y	0.385	0.723	0.511	0.356
(iii) Red
X	0.680	0.660	0.735	0.721
Y	0.320	0.320	0.265	0.259
(iv) Yellow
X	0.612	0.618	0.575	0.575
Y	0.382	0.382	0.425	0.406

8. Intensity of light.

(a)The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the formula :

I = 3.43 × 106 × T × D2 × K -DWhere I is luminous intensity is candle as under service conditions,T is threshold factor 2 × 20-7 lux,D is range of visibility (luminous range) of the light in nautical miles,K is atmospheric transmissivity,For prescribed lights the value of K shall be 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological visibility of approximately 13 nautical miles

(b)A selection of figures derived from the formula is given in the following table :

Rangeof visibility (Luminous range) of light in nautical miles	Luminousintensity of light in candle as for K = 0.81
1	0.9
2	4.3
3	12
4	27
5	52
6	94

Note. - The maximum luminous intensity of navigation lights should be limited to avoid undue glare.

9. Horizontal Sectors.

(a)

(i)In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel must show the minimum required intensities. The intensities must decrease to reach practical cut-off between 1 degree and 3 degree outside the prescribed sectors.

(ii)For sternlights and masthead lights and at 22.5 degrees abaft the beam for sidelights, the minimum required intensities shall be maintained over the arc of the horizon up to 5 degree within the prescribed sectors the intensities may decrease by 50 per cent up to the prescribed limits; it shall decrease steadily to reach practical cut-off at not more than 5 degrees outside the prescribed limits.

(b)All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts, topmasts or structures within angular sectors of more than 6 degrees except anchor lights, which need not be placed at an impracticable height above the hull.

10. Vertical Sectors.

(a)The vertical sectors of electric lights, with the exception of lights on sailing vessels shall ensure that;

(i)at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal.

(ii)at least 60 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 7.5 degrees above to 7.5. degrees below the horizontal.

(b)In the case of sailing vessels the vertical sectors of electric lights shall ensure that:

(i)at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal.

(ii)at least 50 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the horizontal.

(c)In the case of lights other than electric these specifications shall be met as closely as possible.

11. Intensity of non-electric lights.

- Non-electric lights shall so far as practicable comply with the minimum intensities, as specified in the Table given in Section 8 of this Annexure.

12. Manoeuvring light.

- Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2(f) of this Annexure the manoeuvring light described in Rule 34(b) shall be placed in the same fore and aft vertical plane as the masthead light or lights and, where practicable, at a minimum height of 2 metres vertically above the forward masthead light, provided that it shall be carried not less than 2 metres vertically above or below the after masthead light. On a vessel where only one masthead light is carried the manoeuvring light, if fitted, shall be carried where it can best be seen, not less than 2 metres vertically apart from the masthead light.

13. Approval.

- The construction of lanterns and shapes and the installation of lanterns on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority for the State where the vessel is registered.Annexure IIAdditional Signals for fishing for fishing Vessels fishing in close Proximity

1. General. - The lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of Rule 26(d), be placed where they can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9 metre apart but at a lower level than lights prescribed in Rule 26(b)(i) and (c)(i). The lights shall be visible all round the horizon at a distance off at least 1 mile but at a lesser distance than the lights prescribed by these Rules for fishing vessels.

2. Signals for Trawlers. - (a) Vessels when engaged in trawling, whether using demersal or pelagic gear, may exhibit :

(i)When shooting their nets : two while lights in a vertical line

(ii)when hauling their nets : one white light over one red light in a vertical line;

(iii)when the net has come fast upon an obstruction : two red lights in a vertical line.

(b)Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit :

(i)by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of the pair;

(ii)when shooting or hauling their nets or when their nets have come fast upon an obstruction, the lights prescribed in 2(a) above.

3. Signals for purse seiners. - Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit two yellow lights in a vertical line. These lights shall flash alternately every second and with equal light and occultation duration. These lights may be exhibited only when the vessel is hampered by its fishing gear.

Annexure IIITechnical Details of Sound Signals Appliances

1. Whistles. - (a) Frequencies and range of audibility : The fundamental frequency of the signal shall lie within the range 70-700 Hz The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be determined by those frequencies, which may include the fundamental and/or one or more higher frequencies, which lie within the range 180-700 Hz. (+1 percent) and which provide the sound pressure levels specified in paragraph 1(c) below.

(b)Limits of fundamental frequencies.- To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamental frequency of whistle shall be between the following.

(i)70-200 Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length;

(ii)130-350 Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in length;

(iii)250-700 Hz, for vessel less than 75 metres in length.

(c)Sound Signal intensity and range of audibility : A whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of maximum intensity of the whistle and at a distance of 1 metre from it, a sound pressure level in at least one 1/3rd octave band within the range of frequencies 180-700 Hz (+ 1 percent) of not less than the appropriate figure given in the table below.

Lengthof vessel in metres	1/3rd-sativehand level at 1 metre in dB referred to	Audibilityrange in nautical miles
	-5	-2
	2* 10	N/m
24or 0 more	143	2
75but less than 200	138	1.5
20but less than 75	130	1
Lessthan 20	120	0.5

The range of audibility in the table above is for information and is approximately the range at which a whistle may be heard on its forward axis with 80 per cent probability in conditions of still air on board a vessel having average background noise level at the listening posts (taken to be 68 dB in the octave band centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in the octave band centred on 500 Hz).In practice the range at which as which as whistle may be heard is extremely variably and depends critically on whether condition, the values given can be regarded as typical but under conditions of strong wind or high ambient noise level at the listening post the range may be mush reduced.

(d)Directional properties : The sound pressure level of a directional whistle shall be not more than 4 dB below the sound pressure level on the axis at any direction in the horizontal plane within (+ 45 degrees of the axis). The sound pressure level at any other direction in the horizontal plane shall be not m ore than 10 dB below the sound pressure level on the axis, so that the range in any direction will be at least half the range on the forward axis.The sound pressure level shall be measured in that 1/3rd octave band which determines the audibility range.

(e)Positioning of whistles.-When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel, it shall be installed with its maximum intensity directed straight ahead.

A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order to reduce interception of the emitted sound by obstructions and also to minimize hearing damage risk to personnel. The sound pressure level of the vessel's own signal at listening posts shall not exceed 110 dB(A) and so far as practicable should not exceed 100 dB(A).

(f)Fitting of more than one whistle.-If whistles are fitted as a distance apart of more than 100 metres, it shall be so arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously.

(g)Combined whistle systems.-If due to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle or of one of the whistle referred to in paragraph 1(f) above is likely to have a zone of greatly reduced signal level, it is recommended that a combined whistle system be fitted so as to overcome this reduction. For the purposes of the Rules a combined whistle system is to be regarded as a single whistle. The whistles of a combined system shall be located at a distance apart of not more than 100 metres and arranged to be sounded simultaneously. The frequency of any one whistle shall differ from those of the others by at least 10 Hz.

2. Bell of Gong. - (a) Intensity or signal.-A bell or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics shall produce a sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at one metre.

(b)Construction : Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed to give a clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than 300 mm for vessels of more than 20 metres in length and shall be not less than 200 mm for vessels of 12 to 20 metres in length. Where practicable, a power-driven bell striker is recommended to ensure constant force but manual operation shall be possible.

The mass of the striker shall not be less than 3 per cent of the mass of the bell.

3. Approval. - The construction of sound signal appliance, their performance and their installation on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State where the vessel is registered.

Annexure IVDistress Signals

1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately indicate distress and need of assistance :

(a)a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

(b)a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus;

(c)rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals;

(d)a signal made by a radiotelegraphy or by any other signaling method consisting of the group ............ (SOS) in the Morse Code;

(e)a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word "May day";

(f)the International Code signal of distress indicated by N.C.

(g)a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball;

(h)flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.)

(i)a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;

(j)a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke;

(k)slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side;

(l)the radiotelegraph alarm signal;

(m)the radiotelephony alarm signal;

(n)signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons.

2. The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited.

3. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of Signals, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals :

(a)a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);

(b)a dye marker.

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