Union of India - Act
Pharm.D. Regulations 2008
UNION OF INDIA
India
India
Pharm.D. Regulations 2008
Rule PHARM-D-REGULATIONS-2008 of 2008
- Published on 10 May 2008
- Commenced on 10 May 2008
- [This is the version of this document from 10 May 2008.]
- [Note: The original publication document is not available and this content could not be verified.]
1. Short title and commencement.
2.
Pharm.D. shall consist of a certificate, having passed the course of study and examination as prescribed in these regulations, for the purpose of registration as a pharmacist to practice the profession under the Pharmacy Act, 1948.Chapter - II3. Duration of the course.
4. Minimum qualification for admission to.
(a)Pharm.D. Part-I Course - A pass in any of the following examinations -5.
Number of admissions in the above said programmes shall be as prescribed by the Pharm acy Council of India from time to time and presently be restricted as below -6.
Institutions running B.Pharm programme approved under section 12 of the Pharmacy Act, will only be permitted to run Pharm.D. programme. Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) programme will be permitted only in those institutions which are permitted to run Pharm.D. programme.7. Course of study.
- The course of study for Pharm.D. shall include the subjects as given in the Tables below. The number of hours in a week, devoted to each subject for its teaching in theory, practical and tutorial shall not be less than that noted against it in columns (3), (4) and (5) below.First Year :| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 1.1 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.2 | Pharmaceutics | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.3 | Medicinal Biochemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.4 | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.5 | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.6 | Remedial Mathematics/ Biology | 3 | 3* | 1 |
| Total hours | 16 | 18 | 6 = (40) |
| S.No | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 2.1 | Pathophysiology | 3 | - | 1 |
| 2.2 | Pharmaceutical Microbiology | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 2.3 | Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmaceuticals | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 2.4 | Pharmacology-I | 3 | - | 1 |
| 2.5 | Community Pharmacy | 2 | - | 1 |
| 2.6 | Pharmacotherapeutics-I | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Total Hours | 17 | 9 | 6 = 32 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 3.1 | Pharmacology-II | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.2 | Pharmaceutical Analysis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.3 | Pharmacotherapeutics-II | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.4 | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence | 2 | - | - |
| 3.5 | Medicinal Chemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.6 | Pharmaceutical Formulations | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Total hours | 16 | 15 | 5 = 36 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical/Hospital Posting | No. of hours of Tutorial |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 4.1 | Pharmacotherapeutics-III | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.2 | Hospital Pharmacy | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.3 | Clinical Pharmacy | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.4 | Biostatistics & Research Methodology | 2 | - | 1 |
| 4.5 | Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.6 | Clinical Toxicology | 2 | - | 1 |
| Total hours | 15 | 12 | 6 = 33 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Hospital posting* | No. of hours of Seminar |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 5.1 | Clinical Research | 3 | - | |
| 5.2 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics | 3 | - | 1 |
| 5.3 | Clinical Pharmacokinetics &Pharmacotherapeutic Drug Monitoring | 2 | - | 1 |
| 5.4 | Clerkship* | - | - | 1 |
| 5.5 | Project work (Six Months) | - | 20 | - |
| Total hours | 8 | 20 | 4 = 32 |
8. Syllabus.
- The syllabus for each subject of study in the said Tables shall be as specified in Appendix -A to these regulations.9. Approval of the authority conducting the course of study.
10. Examination.
| S.No. | Name of Subject | Maximum marks for Theory | Maximum marks for Practicals | ||||
| Examination | Sessional | Total | Examination | Sessional | Total | ||
| 1.1 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 1.2 | Pharmaceutics | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 1.3 | Medicinal Biochemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 1.4 | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 1.5 | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 1.6 | Remedial Mathematics/ Biology | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70* | 30* | 100* |
| 600 | 600 = 1200 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | Maximum marks for Theory | Maximum marks for Practicals | ||||
| Examination | Sessional | Total | Examination | Sessional | Total | ||
| 2.1 | Pathophysiology | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 2.2 | Pharmaceutical Microbiology | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 2.3 | Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmaceuticals | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 2.4 | Pharmacology-I | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 2.5 | Community Pharmacy | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 2.6 | Pharmacotherapeutics-I | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 600 | 300 = 900 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | Maximum marks for Theory | Maximum marks for Practicals | ||||
| Examination | Sessional | Total | Examination | Sessional | Total | ||
| 3.1 | Pharmacology-II | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 3.2 | Pharmaceutical Analysis | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 3.3 | Pharmacotherapeutics-II | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 3.4 | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 3.5 | Medicinal Chemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 3.6 | Pharmaceutical Formulations | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 600 | 500 = 1100 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | Maximum marks for Theory | Maximum marks for Practicals | ||||
| Examination | Sessional | Total | Examination | Sessional | Total | ||
| 4.1 | Pharmacotherapeutics-III | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 4.2 | Hospital Pharmacy | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 4.3 | Clinical Pharmacy | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 4.4 | Biostatistics & Research Methodology | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 4.5 | Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics | 70 | 30 | 100 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 4.6 | Clinical Toxicology | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 600 | 400 = 1000 |
| S.No. | Name of Subject | Maximum marks for Theory | Maximum marks for Practicals | ||||
| Examination | Sessional | Total | Examination | Sessional | Total | ||
| 5.1 | Clinical Research | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 5.2 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 5.3 | Clinical Pharmacokinetics &Pharmacotherapeutic Drug Monitoring | 70 | 30 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 5.4 | Clerkship* | - | - | - | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 5.5 | Project work (Six Months) | - | - | - | 100** | - | 100 |
| 300 | 200 = 500 |
70. marks - Thesis work
11. Eligibility for appearing Examination.
- Only such students who produce certificate from the Head of the Institution in which he or she has undergone the Pharm.D. or as the case may be, the Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) course, in proof of his or her having regularly and satisfactorily undergone the course of study by attending not less than 80% of the classes held both in theory and in practical separately in each subject shall be eligible for appearing at examination.12. Mode of examinations.
13. Award of sessional marks and maintenance of records.
14. Minimum marks for passing examination.
- A student shall not be declared to have passed examination unless he or she secures at least 50% marks in each of the subjects separately in the theory examinations, including sessional marks and at least 50% marks in each of the practical examinations including sessional marks. The students securing 60% marks or above in aggregate in all subjects in a single attempt at the Pharm.D. or as the case may be, Pharm. D. (Post Baccalaureate) course examination shall be declared to have passed in first class. Students securing 75% marks or above in any subject or subjects shall be declared to have passed with distinction in the subject or those subjects provided he or she passes in all the subjects in a single attempt.15. Eligibility for promotion to next year.
- All students who have appeared for all the subjects and passed the first year annual examination are eligible for promotion to the second year and, so on. However, failure in more than two subjects shall debar him or her from promotion to the next year classes.16. Internship.
17. Approval of examinations.
- Examinations mentioned in regulations 10 to12 and 14 shall be held by the examining authority hereinafter referred to as the university, which shall be approved by the Pharmacy Council of India under sub-section (2) of section 12 of the Pharmacy Act, 1948. Such approval shall be granted only if the examining authority concerned fulfills the conditions as specified in Appendix-D to these regulations.18. Certificate of passing examination.
- Every student who has passed the examinations for the Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy) or Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) (Doctor of Pharmacy) as the case may be, shall be granted a certificate by the examining authority.Chapter - III Practical training19. Hospital posting.
- Every student shall be posted in constituent hospital for a period of not less than fifty hours to be covered in not less than 200 working days in each of second, third & fourth year course. Each student shall submit report duly certified by the preceptor and duly attested by the Head of the Department or Institution as prescribed. In the fifth year, every student shall spend half a day in the morning hours attending ward rounds on daily basis as a part of clerkship. Theory teaching may be scheduled in the afternoon.20. Project work.
21. Objectives of project work.
- The main objectives of the project work is to -22. Methodology.
- To complete the project work following methodology shall be adopted, namely: -23. Reporting.
24. Evaluation.
- The following methodology shall be adopted for evaluating the project work -(i)Project work shall be evaluated by internal and external examiners.(ii)Students shall be evaluated in groups for four hours (i.e., about half an hour for a group of four students).(iii)Three seminars presented by students shall be evaluated for twenty marks each and the average of best two shall be forwarded to the university with marks of other subjects.(iv)Evaluation shall be done on the following items:| Marks | |||
| (a) | Write up of the seminar | (7.5) | |
| (b) | Presentation of work | (7.5) | |
| (c) | Communication skills | (7.5) | |
| (d) | Question and answer skills | (7.5) | |
| Total | (30 marks) |
| Marks | |||
| (a) | Write up of the seminar | (17.5) | |
| (b) | Presentation of work | (17.5) | |
| (c) | Communication skills | (17.5) | |
| (d) | Question and answer skills | (17.5) | |
| Total | (70 marks) |
1. Scope and Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various body systems. Since a medicament, which is produced by pharmacist, is used to correct the deviations in human body, it enhances the understanding of how the drugs act on the various body systems in correcting the disease state of the organs.
2. Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
3. Course materials:
Text books4. Lecture wise program :
Topics1. Scope of anatomy and physiology, basic terminologies used in this subject (Description of the body as such planes and terminologies)
2. Structure of cell - its components and their functions.
3. Elementary tissues of the human body: epithelial, connective, Muscular and nervous tissues-their sub-types and characteristics
4. (a) Osseous system - structure, composition and functions of the Skeleton. (done in practical classes - 6hrs)
5. Haemopoetic System
6. Lymph
7. Cardiovascular system
8. Respiratory system
9. Digestive system
10. Nervous system
11. Urinary system
12. Endocrine system
13. Reproductive system
14. Sense organs
15. Skeletal muscles
16. Sports physiology
(a)Muscles in exercise, Effect of athletic training on muscles and muscle performance,(b)Respiration in exercise, CVS in exercise, Body heat in exercise, Body fluids and salts in exercise,(c)Drugs and athletics1. Study of tissues of human body
2. Study of tissues of human body
3. Study of appliances used in hematological experiments.
4. Determination of W.B.C. count of blood.
5. Determination of R.B.C. count of blood.
6. Determination of differential count of blood.
7. Determination of
8. Determination of
9. Study of various systems with the help of charts, models & specimens
10. Study of different family planning appliances.
11. To perform pregnancy diagnosis test.
12. Study of appliances used in experimental physiology.
13. To record simple muscle curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
14. To record simple summation curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
15. To record simple effect of temperature using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
16. To record simple effect of load & after load using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
17. To record simple fatigue curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Identification | 04 | 10 |
| Synopsis | 04 | 10 |
| Major Experiment | 07 | 20 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope and objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of formulating different dosage forms. It prepares the students for most basics of the applied field of pharmacy.
2. Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
3. Course materials:
Text books4. Lecture wise programme:
Topics1. (a) Introduction to dosage forms - classification and definitions
2. Historical back ground and development of profession of pharmacy and pharmaceutical industry in brief.
3. Development of Indian Pharmacopoeia and introduction to other Pharmacopoeias such as BP, USP, European Pharmacopoeia, Extra pharmacopoeia and Indian national formulary.
4. Weights and measures, Calculations involving percentage solutions, allegation, proof spirit, isotonic solutions etc.
5. Powders and Granules: Classification advantages and disadvantages, Preparation of simple, compound powders, Insufflations, Dusting powders, Eutectic and Explosive powders, Tooth powder and effervescent powders and granules.
6. Monophasic Dosage forms: Theoretical aspects of formulation including adjuvant like stabilizers, colorants, flavours with examples. Study of Monophasic liquids like gargles, mouth washes, Throat paint, Ear drops, Nasal drops, Liniments and lotions, Enemas and collodions.
7. Biphasic dosage forms: Suspensions and emulsions, Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classification, test for the type of emulsion, formulation, stability and evaluation.
8. Suppositories and pessaries: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, types of base, method of preparation, Displacement value and evaluation.
9. Galenicals: Definition, equipment for different extraction processes like infusion, Decoction, Maceration and Percolation, methods of preparation of spirits, tinctures and extracts.
10. Pharmaceutical calculations.
11. Surgical aids: Surgical dressings, absorbable gelatin sponge, sutures, ligatures and medicated bandages.
12. Incompatibilities: Introduction, classification and methods to overcome the incompatibilities.
1. Syrups
2. Elixir
3. Linctus
4. Solutions
5. Liniments
6. Suspensions*
7. Emulsions*
8. Powders*
9. Suppositories*
10. Incompatibilities
a. Mixtures with Physical(b)Chemical & Therapeutic incompatibilities* colourless bottles required for dispensing *Paper envelope (white), butter paper and white paper required for dispensing.Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: Applied biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular level of the chemical process associated with living cells.Clinical chemistry deals with the study of chemical aspects of human life in health and illness and the application of chemical laboratory methods to diagnosis, control of treatment, and prevention of diseases.
2. Objectives of the Subject (Know, do, appreciate) :
The objective of the present course is providing biochemical facts and the principles to the students of pharmacy. Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to -3. Lecture wise programme:
Topics1. Introduction to biochemistry: Cell and its biochemical organization, transport process across the cell membranes. Energy rich compounds; ATP, Cyclic AMP and their biological significance.
2. Enzymes: Definition; Nomenclature; IUB classification; Factor affecting enzyme activity; Enzyme action; enzyme inhibition. Isoenzymes and their therapeutic and diagnostic applications; Coenzymes and their biochemical role and deficiency diseases.
3. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), HMP shunt, Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis. Metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus and glycogen storage diseases); Glucose, Galactose tolerance test and their significance; hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
4. Lipid metabolism: Oxidation of saturated ( --oxidation); Ketogenesis and ketolysis; biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipids; metabolism of cholesterol; Hormonal regulation of lipid metabolism. Defective metabolism of lipids (Atheroslerosis, fatty liver, hypercholesterolmiea).
5. Biological oxidation: Coenzyme system involved in Biological oxidation. Electron transport chain (its mechanism in energy capture; regulation and inhibition); Uncouplers of ETC; Oxidative phosphorylation;
6. Protein and amino acid metabolism: protein turn over; nitrogen balance; Catabolism of Amino acids (Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation). Urea cycle and its metabolic disorders; production of bile pigments; hyperbilirubinemia, porphoria, jaundice. Metabolic disorder of Amino acids.
7. Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides; Protein synthesis; Genetic code; inhibition of protein synthesis; mutation and repair mechanism; DNA replication (semiconservative /onion peel models) and DNA repair mechanism.
8. Introduction to clinical chemistry: Cell; composition; malfunction; Roll of the clinical chemistry laboratory.
9. The kidney function tests: Role of kidney; Laboratory tests for normal function includes-
10. Liver function tests: Physiological role of liver, metabolic, storage, excretory, protective, circulatory functions and function in blood coagulation.
11. Lipid profile tests: Lipoproteins, composition, functions. Determination of serum lipids, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
12. Immunochemical techniques: for determination of hormone levels and protein levels in serum for endocrine diseases and infectious diseases. Radio immuno assay (RIA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA)
13. Electrolytes: Body water, compartments, water balance, and electrolyte distribution. Determination of sodium, calcium potassium, chlorides, bicarbonates in the body fluids.
1. Qualitative analysis of normal constituents of urine.*
2. Qualitative analysis of abnormal constituents of urine.*
3. Quantitative estimation of urine sugar by Benedicts reagent method.**
4. Quantitative estimation of urine chlorides by Volhard's method.**
5. Quantitative estimation of urine creatinine by Jaffes method.**
6. Quantitative estimation of urine calcium by precipitation method.**
7. Quantitative estimation of serum cholesterol by Libermann Burchards method.**
8. Preparation of Folin Wu filtrate from blood.*
9. Quantitative estimation of blood creatinine.**
10. Quantitative estimation of blood sugar Folin-Wu tube method.**
11. Estimation of SGOT in serum.**
12. Estimation of SGPT in serum.**
13. Estimation of Urea in Serum.**
14. Estimation of Proteins in Serum.**
15. Determination of serum bilirubin**
16. Determination of Glucose by means of Glucoseoxidase.**
17. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Glycogen/Starch by Amylases.**
18. Study of factors affecting Enzyme activity. (pH & Temp.)**
19. Preparation of standard buffer solutions and its pH measurements (any two)*
20. Experiment on lipid profile tests**
21. Determination of sodium,calcium and potassium in serum.**
** indicate major experiments & * indicate minor experimentsAssignments:Format of the assignment1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. It shall be computer draft copy.
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student.
5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope and objectives: This course is designed to impart a very good knowledge about
2. Course materials:
Text books3. Lecture wise programme :
Topics1. Structures and Physical properties:
2. Nomenclature of organic compound belonging to the following classes Alkanes, Alkenes, Dienes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amides, Amines, Phenols, Alkyl Halides, Carboxylic Acid, Esters, Acid Chlorides and Cycloalkanes.
3. Free radicals chain reactions of alkane : Mechanism, relative reactivity and stability
4. Alicyclic compounds : Preparations of cyclo alkanes, Bayer strain theory and orbital picture of angle strain.
5. Nuclophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism: Nucleophiles and leaving groups, kinetics of second and first order reaction, mechanism and kinetics of SN2 reactions. Stereochemistry and steric hindrance, role of solvents, phase transfer catalysis, mechanism and kinetics of SN1 reactions, stereochemistry, carbocation and their stability, rearrangement of carbocation, role of solvents in SN1 reaction, Ion dipole bonds, SN2 versus SN1 solvolyses, nucleophilic assistance by the solvents.
6. Dehydro halogenation of alkyl halides: 1, 2 elimination, kinetics, E2 and E1 mechanism, elimination via carbocation, evidence for E2 mechanism, absence of rearrangement isotope effect, absence hydrogen exchange, the element effect, orientation and reactivity, E2 versus E1, elimination versus substitution, dehydration of alcohol, ease of dehydration, acid catalysis, reversibility, orientation.
7. Electrophillic and free radicals addition: Reactions at carbon-carbon, double bond, electrophile, hydrogenation, heat of hydrogenation and stability of alkenes, markownikoff rule, addition of hydrogen halides, addition of hydrogen bromides, peroxide effect, electrophillic addition, mechanism, rearrangement, absence of hydrogen exchange, orientation and reactivity, addition of halogen, mechanism, halohydin formation, mechanism of free radicals additon, mechanism of peroxide initiated addition of hydrogen bromide, orientation of free addition, additions of carbene to alkene, cyclo addition reactions.
8. Carbon-carbon double bond as substituents: Free radical halogenations of alkenes, comparison of free radical substitution with free radical addition, free radical substitution in alkenes, orientation and reactivity, allylic rearrangements.
9. Theory of resonance: Allyl radical as a resonance hybrid, stability, orbital picture, resonance stabilisation of allyl radicals, hyper conjugation, allyl cation as a resonance hybrid, nucleophyllic substitution in allylic substrate, SN1 reactivity, allylic rearrangement, resonance stabilisation of allyl cation, hyper conjugation, nucleophilic substitution in allylic substrate, SN2 nucleophilic substitution in vinylic substrate, vinylic cation, stability of conjugated dienes, resonance in alkenes, hyper conjugation, ease of formation of conjugated dienes, orientation of elimination, electrophilic addition to conjugated dienes, 1,4- addition, 1,2-versus 1,4-addition, rate versus equilibrium, orientation and reactivity of free radical addition to conjugated dienes.
10. Elecrophilic aromatic substitution: Effect of substituent groups, determination of orientation, determination of relative reactivity, classification of substituent group, mechanism of nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, friedel craft alkylation, friedel craft acylation, reactivity and orientation, activating and deactivating O,P,M directing groups, electron release via resonance, effect of halogen on electrophilic aromatic substitution in alkyl benzene, side chain halogination of alkyl benzene, resonance stabilization of benzyl radical.
11. Nucleophilic addition reaction: Mechanism, ionisation of carboxylic acids, acidity constants, acidity of acids, structure of carboxylate ions, effect of substituent on acidity, nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, conversion of acid to acid chloride, esters, amide and anhydride. Role of caboxyl group, comparison of alkyl nucleophilic substitution with acyl nucleophilic substitution.
12. Mechanism of aldol condensation, claisen condensation, cannizzaro reaction, crossed aldol condensation, crossed cannizzaro reaction, benzoin condensation, perkin condensation. Knoevenagel, Reformatsky reaction, Wittig reaction, Michael addition.
13. Hoffman rearrangement: Migration to electron deficient nitrogen, Sandmeyers reaction, basicity of amines, diazotisation and coupling, acidity of phenols, Williamson synthesis, Fries rearrangement, Kolbe reaction, Reimer tiemans reactions.
14. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: Bimolecular displacement mechanisms, orientation, comparison of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution with that of aromatic.
15. Oxidation reduction reaction.
16. Study of the following official compounds- preparation, test for purity, assay and medicinal uses of Chlorbutol, Dimercaprol, Glyceryl trinitrate, Urea, Ethylene diamine dihyrate, Vanillin, Paraldehyde, Ethylene chloride, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl salicylate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, dimethyl pthalate, sodium lauryl sulphate, saccharin sodium, mephensin.
1. Acetanilde / aspirin (Acetylation)
2. Benzanilide / Phenyl benzoate (Benzoylation)
3. P-bromo acetanilide / 2,4,6 - tribromo aniline (Bromination)
4. Dibenzylidene acetone (Condensation)
5. 1-Phenylazo-2-napthol (Diazotisation and coupling)
6. Benzoic acid / salicylic acid (Hydrolysis of ester)
7. M-dinitro benzene (Nitration)
8. 9, 10 - Antharaquinone (Oxidation of anthracene) / preparation of benzoic acid from toluene or benzaldehyde
9. M-phenylene diamine (Reduction of M-dinitrobenzene) / Aniline from nitrobenzene
10. Benzophenone oxime
11. Nitration of salicylic acid
12. Preparation of picric acid
13. Preparation of O-chlorobenzoic acid from O-chlorotolune
14. Preparation of cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol
II. Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following classes by :Systematic qualitative organic analysis including preparation of derivatives Phenols, amides, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehyde and ketones, Alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, anilides, nitrocompounds.III. Introduction to the use of stereo models:Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, Acetylene, Cis alkene, Trans alkene, inversion of configuration.Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope and objectives: This course mainly deals with fundamentals of Analytical chemistry and also the study of inorganic pharmaceuticals regarding their monographs and also the course deals with basic knowledge of analysis of various pharmaceuticals.
2. Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:
3. Course materials:
Text books4. Lecture wise programme:
Topics1. Errors
2. Volumetric analysis
3. Acid-base titrations
4. Redox titrations
5. Non aqueous titrations
6. Precipitation titrations
7. Complexometric titrations
8. Theory of indicators
9. Gravimetry
10. Limit tests
11. Medicinal gases
12. Acidifiers
13. Antacids
14. Cathartics
15. Electrolyte replenishers
16. Essential Trace elements
17. Antimicrobials
18. Pharmaceutical aids
19. Dental Products
20. Miscellaneous compounds
21. Radio Pharmaceuticals
1. Limit test (6 exercises)
2. Assays (10 exercises)
3. Estimation of mixture (Any two exercises)
4. Test for identity (Any three exercises)
5. Test for purity (Any two exercises)
6. Preparations (Any two exercises)
(a)Boric acids(b)Potash alum(c)Calcium lactate(d)Magnesium suphateScheme of Practical Examination :| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment & 2 | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope and objectives: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subjects deals with the introduction to matrices, determinants, trigonometry, analytical geometry, differential calculus, integral calculus, differential equations, laplace transform.
2. Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to : -
3. Course materials:
Text books4. Lecture wise programme :
Topics1. Algebra : Determinants, Matrices
2. Trigonometry : Sides and angles of a triangle, solution of triangles
3. Analytical Geometry : Points, Straight line, circle, parabola
4. Differential calculus: Limit of a function, Differential calculus, Differentiation of a sum, Product, Quotient Composite, Parametric, exponential, trigonometric and Logarithmic function. Successive differentiation, Leibnitzs theorem, Partial differentiation, Eulers theorem on homogeneous functions of two variables
5. Integral Calculus: Definite integrals, integration by substitution and by parts, Properties of definite integrals.
6. Differential equations: Definition, order, degree, variable separable, homogeneous, Linear, heterogeneous, linear, differential equation with constant coefficient, simultaneous linear equation of second order.
7. Laplace transform: Definition, Laplace transform of elementary functions, Properties of linearity and shifting.
Biology :1. Scope and objectives: This is an introductory course in Biology, which gives detailed study of natural sources such as plant and animal origin. This subject has been introduces to the pharmacy course in order to make the student aware of various naturally occurring drugs and its history, sources, classification, distribution and the characters of the plants and animals. This subject gives basic foundation to Pharmacognosy.
2. Course materials:
Text books3. Lecture wise programme :
TopicPart - A 01 Introduction02. General organization of plants and its inclusions
03. Plant tissues
04. Plant kingdom and its classification
05. Morphology of plants
06. Root, Stem, Leaf and Its modifications
07. Inflorescence and Pollination of flowers
08. Morphology of fruits and seeds
09. Plant physiology
10. Taxonomy of Leguminosae, umbelliferae, Solanaceae, Lilliaceae, Zinziberaceae, Rubiaceae
11. Study of Fungi, Yeast, Penicillin and Bacteria
Part-B 01 Study of Animal cell02. Study animal tissues
03. Detailed study of frog
04. Study of Pisces, Raptiles, Aves
05. Genearal organization of mammals
06. Study of poisonous animals
1. Introduction of biology experiments
2. Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions
3. Study of Stem modifications
4. Study of Root modifications
5. Study of Leaf modifications
6. Identification of Fruits and seeds
7. Preparation of Permanent slides
8. T.S. of Senna, Cassia, Ephedra, Podophyllum.
9. Simple plant physiological experiments
10. Identification of animals
11. Detailed study of Frog
12. Computer based tutorials
Scheme of Practical Examination :| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Identification | 04 | 10 |
| Synopsis | 04 | 10 |
| Major Experiment | 07 | 20 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic Pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also to get baseline knowledge of its application in other subject of pharmacy.
2. Objectives of the Subject : Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :
Chapter1. Basic principles of cell injury and Adaptation
2. Inflammation
3. Diseases of Immunity
4. Cancer: differences between benign and malignant tumors, Histological diagnosis of malignancy, invasions and metastasis, patterns of spread, disturbances of growth of cells, classification of tumors, general biology of tumors, spread of malignant tumors, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer.
5. Types of shock, mechanisms, stages and management
6. Biological effects of radiation
7. Environmental and nutritional diseases
8. Pathophysiology of common diseases
9. Infectious diseases :
Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV,Syphilis,Gonorrhea), Urinary tract infections, Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria Dysentery (bacterial and amoebic ), Hepatitis- infective hepatitis.4. Assignments :
Title of the Experiment1. Chemical Mediators of inflammation
2. Drug Hypersensitivity
3. Cigarette smoking & its ill effects
4. Biological Effects of Radiation
5. Etiology and hazards of obesity
6. Complications of diabetes
7. Diagnosis of cancer
8. Disorders of vitamins
9. Methods in Pathology-Laboratory values of clinical significance
10. Pathophysiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Format of the assignment1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
1. Scope of the Subject: Microbiology has always been an essential component of pharmacy curriculum. This is because of the relevance of microbiology to pharmaceutical sciences and more specifically to pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical biotechnology is the logical extension of pharmaceutical microbiology, which is expected to change the complete drug product scenario in the future.
This course deals with the various aspects of microorganisms, its classification, morphology, laboratory cultivation identification and maintenance. Its also discusses with sterilization of pharmaceutical products, equipment, media etc. The course further discusses the immunological preparations, diseases its transmission, diagnosis, control and immunological tests.2. Objectives of the Subject. - Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :
Title of the topic1. Introduction to the science of microbiology. Major divisions of microbial world and Relationship among them.
2. Different methods of classification of microbes and study of Bacteria, Fungi, virus, Rickettsiae, Spirochetes.
3. Nutritional requirements, growth and cultivation of bacteria and virus. Study of different important media required for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria & fungi. Differential media, enriched media and selective media, maintenance of lab cultures.
4. Different methods used in isolation and identification of bacteria with emphasis to different staining techniques and biochemical reactions. Counting of bacteria -Total and Viable counting techniques.
5. Detailed study of different methods of sterilization including their merits and demerits. Sterilization methods for all pharmaceutical products. Detailed study of sterility testing of different pharmaceutical preparations . Brief information on Validation.
6. Disinfectants- Study of disinfectants, antiseptics, fungicidal and virucidal agents factors affecting their activation and mechanism of action. Evaluation of bactericidal, bacteristatic, , virucidal activities, evaluation of preservatives in pharmaceutical preparations.
7. Immunology- Immunity, Definition, Classification, General principles of natural immunity, Phagocytosis, acquired immunity( active and passive ) . Antigens, chemical nature of antigens structure and formation of Antibodies, Antigen-Antibody reactions. Bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins. Significance of toxoids in active immunity, Immunization programme, and importance of booster dose.
8. Diagnostic tests : Schicks Test, Elisa test, Western Blot test, Southern Blot PCR Widal, QBC, Mantaux Peripheral smear. Study of malarial parasite.
9. Microbial culture sensitivity Testing: Interpretation of results Principles and methods of different microbiological assays, microbiological assay of Penicillin, Streptomycin and vitamin B2 and B12. Standardisation of vaccines and sera.
10. Study of infectious diseases: Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Cholera, Hepatitis, Meningitis, Syphilis & Gonorrhea and HIV.
1. Study of apparatus used in experimental microbiology*.
2. Sterilisation of glass wares. Preparation of media and sterilisation.*
3. Staining techniques - Simple staining ; Grams staining ; Negative staining**
4. Study of motility characters*.
5. Enumeration of micro-organisms (Total and Viable)*
6. Study of the methods of isolation of pure culture.*
7. Bio chemical testing for the identification of micro*-organisms.
8. Cultural sensitivity testing for some micro-organisms.*
9. Sterility testing for powders and liquids.*
10. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration.*
11. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method.*
12. Microbiological assay of vitamins by Turbidometric method**
13. Determination of RWC.**
14. Diagnostic tests for some common diseases, Widal, malarial parasite.**
* Indicate minor experiment & ** indicate major experimentAssignments:1. Visit to some pathological laboratories & study the activities and equipment/instruments used and reporting the same.
2. Visit to milk dairies (Pasturization) and microbial laboratories(other sterization methods) & study the activities and equipment/instruments used and reporting the same.
3. Library assignments
1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. It shall be computer draft copy.
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student.
5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope and objectives: This subject has been introduced for the pharmacy course in order to make the student aware of medicinal uses of various naturally occurring drugs its history, sources, distribution, method of cultivation, active constituents, medicinal uses, identification tests, preservation methods, substitutes and adulterants.
2. Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:
3. Course materials:
Text books4. Lecture wise programme:
Topics1. Introduction.
2. Definition, history and scope of Pharmacognosy.
3. Classification of crude drugs.
4. Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs.
5. Detailed method of cultivation of crude drugs.
6. Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions.
7. Microscopical and powder Microscopical study of crude drugs.
8. Study of natural pesticides.
9. Detailed study of various cell constituents.
10. Carbohydrates and related products.
11. Detailed study carbohydrates containing drugs.(11 drugs)
12. Definition sources, method extraction, chemistry and method of analysis of lipids.
13. Detailed study of oils.
14. Definition, classification, chemistry and method of analysis of protein.
15. Study of plants fibers used in surgical dressings and related products.
16. Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs.
1. Introduction of Pharmacognosy laboratory and experiments.
2. Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions.
3. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Datura.
4. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Senna.
5. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Cassia.cinnamon.
6. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Cinchona.
7. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Ephedra.
8. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Quassia.
9. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Clove
10. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Fennel.
11. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Coriander.
12. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Isapgol.
13. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Nux vomica.
14. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Rauwolfia.
15. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Liquorice.
16. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Ginger.
17. Macro, powder and microscopic study of Podophyllum.
18. Determination of Iodine value.
19. Determination of Saponification value and unsaponifiable matter.
20. Determination of ester value.
21. Determination of Acid value.
22. Chemical tests for Acacia.
23. Chemical tests for Tragacanth.
24. Chemical tests for Agar.
25. Chemical tests for Starch.
26. Chemical tests for Lipids.(castor oil,sesame oil, shark liver oil,bees wax)
27. Chemical tests for Gelatin.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Identification | 04 | 10 |
| Synopsis | 04 | 10 |
| Major Experiment | 07 | 20 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dose, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, apart from general pharmacology, drugs acting on autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, blood and blood forming agents and renal system will be taught. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to therapeutics will be imparted.
2. Objectives of the Subject: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to (Know, do, appreciate) -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :
Title of the topic1. General Pharmacology
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on ANS
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardiovascular system
4. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central Nervous System
5. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Respiratory tract
6. Pharmacology of Hormones and Hormone antagonists
7. Pharmacology of autocoids and their antagonists
(a)Histamines and Antihistaminics(b)5-Hydroxytryptamine and its antagonists(c)Lipid derived autocoids and platelet activating factor1. Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, Community Pharmacists are expected to offer various pharmaceutical care services. In order to meet this demand, students will be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling, health screening services for improved patient care in the community set up.
2. Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to -
1. Either the college is having model community pharmacy (meeting the schedule N requirement) or sign MoU with at least 4-5 community pharmacies nearby to the college for training the students on dispensing and counselling activities.
2. Special equipments like B.P apparatus, Glucometer, Peak flow meter, and apparatus for cholesterol estimation.
3. Scheme of evaluation (80 Marks)
| 1. | Synopsis | 10 |
| 2. | Major Experiment | 30 |
| (Counselling of patients with specific diseases- emphasis should be given on Counselling introduction, content,process and conclusion) | ||
| 3. | Minor Experiment(Ability to measure B.P/ CBG /Lung function) | 15 |
| 4. | Prescription Analysis (Analyzing theprescriptions for probable drug interaction and ability to tellthe management) | 15 |
| 5. | Viva - Voice | 10 |
4. Lecture wise programme :
Topics1. Definition, scope, of community pharmacy Roles and responsibilities of Community pharmacist
2. Community Pharmacy Management
3. Prescriptions - parts of prescription, legality & identification of medication related problems like drug interactions.
4. Inventory control in community pharmacy Definition, various methods of Inventory Control ABC, VED, EOQ, Lead time, safety stock
5. Pharmaceutical care Definition and Principles of Pharmaceutical care.
6. Patient counselling Definition, outcomes, various stages, barriers, Strategies to overcome barriers Patient information leaflets- content, design, & layouts, advisory labels
7. Patient medication adherence Definition, Factors affecting medication adherence, role of pharmacist in improving the adherence.
8. Health screening services Definition, importance, methods for screening Blood pressure/ blood sugar/ lung function and Cholesterol testing
9. OTC Medication - Definition, OTC medication list & Counselling
10. Health Education WHO Definition of health, and health promotion, care for children, pregnant & breast feeding women, and geriatric patients. Commonly occurring Communicable Diseases, causative agents, Clinical presentations and prevention of communicable diseases - Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Typhoid, Amoebiasis, Malaria, Leprosy, Syphilis, Gonorrhea and AIDS Balance diet, and treatment & prevention of deficiency disorders Family planning - role of pharmacist
11. Responding to symptoms of minor ailments Relevant pathophysiology, common drug therapy to, Pain, GI disturbances (Nausea, Vomiting, Dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation), Pyrexia, Opthalmic symptoms, worms infestations.
12. Essential Drugs concept and Rational Drug Therapy Role of community pharmacist
13. Code of ethics for community pharmacists
1. Scope of the Subject: This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for contribution to quality use of medicines. Chapters dealt cover briefly pathophysiology and mostly therapeutics of various diseases. This will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common diseases and their management.
2. Objectives: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to understand -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with following systems/ diseasesTitle of the topic1. Cardiovascular system: Hypertension, Congestive cardiac failure, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial infarction, , Hyperlipidaemias , Electrophysiology of heart and Arrhythmias
2. Respiratory system : Introduction to Pulmonary function test, Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways disease, Drug induced pulmonary diseases Endocrine system : Diabetes, Thyroid diseases, Oral contraceptives, Hormone replacement therapy, Osteoporosis
3. General prescribing guidelines for
4. Ophthalmology: Glaucoma, Conjunctivitis- viral & bacterial
5. Introduction to rational drug use
Definition, Role of pharmacist Essential drug concept Rational drug formulations1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about the drug with regard to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dose, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, drugs acting on autacoids, respiratory system, GIT, immune system and hormones, and pharmacology of autocoids and hormones will be concentrated. In addition, pharmacology of chemotherapeutic agents, vitamines, essential minerals and principles of toxicology are also taught. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to therapeutics will be imparted.
2. Objectives of the Subject Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to:
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule:
Title of the topic1. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Blood and blood forming agents
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Renal System
3. Chemotherapy
4. Immunopharmacology Pharmacology of immunosuppressants and stimulants
5. Principles of Animal toxicology Acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity
6. The dynamic cell: The structures and functions of the components of the cell
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell by Alberts B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff M., Roberts, K and Watson, JD, 3rd edition.
2. Molecular Cell Biology By Lodish, H., Baltimore, D., Berk, A et al., 5th edition.
3. Molecular Biology by Turner, PC., McLennan, AG., Bates, AD and White MRH 2nd edition.
4. Genes VIII by Lewin, B., (2004)
5. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, by Crommelin, DJA and Sindelar RD (1997)
6. Recombinant DNA by Watson, JD., Gilman, M., et al., (1996)
7. Biopharmaceutical: Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Walsh, G., (1998)
1. Study of laboratory animals and their handling (a. Frogs, b. Mice, c. Rats, d. Guinea pigs, e. Rabbits).
2. Study of physiological salt solutions used in experimental pharmacology.
3. Study of laboratory appliances used in experimental pharmacology.
4. Study of use of anesthetics in laboratory animals.
5. To record the dose response curve of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation.
6. To carry out bio-assay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by interpolation method.
7. To carry out bio-assay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by three point method.
8. To record the dose response curve of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
9. Study of agonistic and antagonistic effects of drugs using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
10. To carry out bio-assay of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation by interpolation method.
11. To carry out bio-assay of Histamine using guinea-pig ileum preparation by three point method.
12. To study the routes of administration of drugs in animals (Rats, Mice, Rabbits).
13. Study of theory, principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for the following experiments:
(a)Analgesic property of drug using analgesiometer.(b)Antiinflammatory effect of drugs using rat-paw edema method.(c)Anticonvulsant activity of drugs using maximal electroshock and pentylene tetrazole methods.(d)Antidepressant activity of drugs using pole climbing apparatus and pentobarbitone induced sleeping time methods.(e)Locomotor activity evaluation of drugs using actophotometer and rotorod.(f)Cardiotonic activity of drugs using isolated frog heart and mammalian heart preparations.Scheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Identification | 02 | 10 |
| Synopsis | 04 | 10 |
| Major Experiment (Bioassay) | 08 | 30 |
| Minor Experiment (Interpretation of given Graph orsimulated experiment) | 04 | 10 |
| Viva | 02 | 10 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 3hrs | 4hrs |
1. Quality Assurance:
2. Chromatography:
Introduction, history, classification, separation techniques, choice of methods.The following techniques be discussed with relevant examples of pharmaceutical products involving principles and techniques of separation of drugs from excipients.3. Electrometric Methods:
Theoretical aspects, instrumentation, interpretation of data/spectra and analytical applications be discussed on the following topics.4. Spectroscopy:
Theoretical aspects, instrumentation, elements of interpretation of data/spectra and application of analytical techniques be discussed on:(a)Absorption Spectroscopy:- Theory of electronic, atomic and molecular spectra. Fundamental laws of photometry, Beer-Lamberts Law, application and its deviation, limitation of Beer law, application of the law to single and multiple component analysis, measurement of equilibrium constant and rate constant by spectroscopy. Spectra of isolated chromophores, auxochromes, batho-chromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hyperchromic and hypochromic effect, effect of solvent on absorption spectra, molecular structure and infrared spectra.Instrumentation - Photometer, U.V.-Visible spectrophotometer - sources of U.V.-Visible radiations, collimating systems, monochromators, samples cells and following detectors-Photocell, Barrier layer cell, Phototube, Diode array, applications of U.V.-Visible spectroscopy in pharmacy and spectrophotometric titrations.- Infrared Spectroscopy: Vibrational transitions, frequency - structure correlations, Infrared absorption bands, Instrumentation-IR spectrometer - sources of IR, Collimating systems, monochromators, sample cells, sample handling in IR spectroscopy and detectors-Thermocouple, Golay Cells, Thermistor, Bolometer, Pyroelectric detector, Applications of IR in pharmacy.- Fluorimetric Analysis: Theory, luminescence, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching. Instrumentation, Applications, fluorescent indicators, study of pharmaceutically important compounds estimated by fluorimetry.(b)Flame Photometry: Theory, nebulisation, flame and flame temperature, interferences, flame spectrometric techniques and instrumentation and pharmaceutical applications.(c)Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Introduction, Theory, types of electrodes, instrumentation and applications.(d)Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic sources, atomic emission spectrometers, photographic and photoelectric detection.(e)NMR & ESR (introduction only): Introduction, theoretical aspects and applications.(f)Mass Spectroscopy: (Introduction only) - Fragmentation, types of ions produced mass spectrum and applications.(g)Polarimetry: (Introduction only) - Introduction to optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, polarimeter.(h)X-RAY Diffraction: (Introduction only) - Theory, reciprocal lattice concept, diffraction patterns and applications.(i)Thermal Analysis: Introduction, instrumentation, applications, and DSC and DTA.1. Separation and identification of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography.
2. Separation and identification of Sulpha drugs by TLC technique.
3. Effect of pH and solvent on the UV spectrum of given compound.
4. Comparison of the UV spectrum of a compound with that of its derivatives.
5. Determination of dissociation constant of indicators using UV-Visible spectroscopy.
6. Conductometric titration of mixture of acids with a strong base.
7. Potentiometric titration of a acid with a strong base.
8. Estimation of drugs by Fluorimetric technique.
9. Study of quenching effect in fluorimetry.
10. Colourimetric estimation of Supha drugs using BMR reagent.
11. Simultaneous estimation of two drugs present in given formulation.
12. Assay of Salicylic Acid by colourimetry.
13. Determination of Chlorides and Sulphates in Calcium gluconate by Nepheloturbidimetric Method.
14. Determination of Na/K by Flame Photometry.
15. Determination of pKa using pH meter.
16. Determination of specific rotation.
17. Comparison of the IR spectrum of a compound with that of its derivatives.
18. Demonstration of HPLC.
19. Demonstration of HPTLC.
20. Demonstration of GC-MS.
21. Demonstration of DSC.
22. Interpretation of NMR spectra of any one compound.
Reference Books:1. Text Book of Pharm. Analysis by Higuchi. T and Hasen. E. B., New York Inter Science Publishers.
2. Quantitative Pharma. Analysis by Jenkins, The Blakiston division, New York.
3. Quantitative Drug Analysis, by Garrot. D, Chapman & Hall Ltd., London.
4. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis by James. E., CBS Publishers.
5. Instrumental Analysis by Willard and Merritt, EWP, East West Press Ltd., Delhi/Madras.
6. Pharm Analysis by Skoog and West, Sounders Manipal College Publishing.
7. Text Book of Chemical Analysis, by A.I.Vogel, ELBS with Macmillan press, Hampshire.
8. Textbook of Pharm. Analysis by K.A.Connors, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Brisbane, Singapore.
9. Textbook of Pharm. Analysis (Practical) by Beckett & Stenlake, CBS Publishers, Delhi.
10. Textbook of Drug Analysis by P.D. Sethi., CBS Publishers, Delhi.
11. Spectroscopy by Silverstein, John & Wiley & Sons. Inc., Canada & Singapore.
12. How to practise GMP-A Plan for total quality control by P.P. Sharma, Vandana Publications, Agra.
13. The Science & Practice of Pharmacy by Remington Vol-I & II, Mack Publishing Co. Pennsylvania.
14. TLC by Stahl, Spring Verlay.
15. Text Book of Pharm. Chemistry by Chatten, CBS Publications.
16. Spectroscopy by William Kemp, ELBS with Macmillan Press, Hampshire.
17. I.P.-1996, The Controller of Publications, New Delhi.
18. BPC- Dept. of Health, U.K. for HMSO.
19. USP - Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
20. The Extra Pharmacopoeia - The Pharm. Press, London.
PracticalsTitle of the Experiment:1. Study of agonistic and antagonistic effects of drugs using Guinea-pig ileum preparation.**
2. To study the effects of drugs on intestinal motility using frogs esophagus model*
3. To study the effects of drugs using rat uterus preparation.**
4. To study the anticonvulsant property of drugs (any one model).*
5. To study antihistaminic property of drug using histamine induced anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs.
6. To study the apomorphine-induced compulsive behaviour (stereotypy) in mice.*
7. To study the muscle relaxant property of diazepam in mice using rotarod apparatus.*
8. To study the antiinflammatory property of indomethacin against carrageenan-induced paw oedema.**
9. To study the anxiolytic effect of diazepam in mice using mirrored-chamber apparatus.**
10. To demonstrate the effect of various drugs on the blood pressure and respiration of anaesthetized dog.
11. To study the effect of anthelmintics on earthworms.
12. To study the taming effect of chlorpromazine.*
13. To study the effects of drugs on vas deference of the male rat.**
14. To study the effect of drugs on pesticide toxicity using rats as model.
15. To study the effect of drugs on heavy metal toxicity.
** indicate major experiment & * indicate minor experimentScheme of Practical Examination:| Sessionals | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for contribution to quality use of medicines. Chapters dealt cover briefly pathophysiology and mostly therapeutics of various diseases. This will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common diseases and their management.
2. Objectives of the Subject Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule : - Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with following systems / diseases -
Title of the topic1. Infectious disease: Guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and surgical Prophylaxis, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Respiratory tract infections, Gastroenteritis, Endocarditis, Septicemia, Urinary tract infections, Protozoal infection- Malaria, HIV & Opportunistic infections, Fungal infections, Viral infections, Gonarrhoea and Syphillis
2. Musculoskeletal disorders Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Spondylitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus.
3. Renal system Acute Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure, Renal Dialysis, Drug induced renal disorders
4. Oncology: Basic principles of Cancer therapy, General introduction to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, Chemotherapy of breast cancer, leukemia. Management of chemotherapy nausea and emesis
5. Dermatology: Psoriasis, Scabies, Eczema, Impetigo
1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
Scheme of Practical Examination :| Session | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope of the Subject: (4-6 lines): This course exposes the student to several important legislations related to the profession of pharmacy in India. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, along with its amendments are the core of this course. Other acts, which are covered, include the Pharmacy Act, dangerous drugs, medicinal and toilet preparation Act etc. Besides this the new drug policy, professional ethics, DPCO, patent and design Act will be discussed.
2. Objectives of the Subject: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to (Know, do, and appreciate) -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule:
Title of the topic1. Pharmaceutical Legislations - A brief review.
2. Principle and Significance of professional ethics. Critical study of the code of pharmaceutical ethics drafted by PCI.
3. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940,and its rules 1945.
Objectives, Legal definition, Study of Schedules with reference to Schedule B, C&C1, D, E1, F&F1, F2, F3, FF, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, R, V, W, X, Y.Sales, Import, labelling and packaging of Drugs and Cosmetics Provisions Relating to Indigenous Systems.Constitution and Functions of DTAB,DCC,CDL.Qualification and duties -Govt. analyst and Drugs Inspector.4. Pharmacy Act -1948. Objectives Legal Definitions, General Study, Constitution and Functions of State & Central Council, Registration & Procedure, ER.
5. Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act -1955.
Objectives, Legal Definitions, Licensing, Bonded and Non Bonded Laboratory, Ware Housing, Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent & Proprietory Preparations.6. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act-1985 and Rules.
Objectives, Legal Definitions, General Study, Constitution and Functions of narcotic & Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control and regulations, Schedules to the Act.7. Study of Salient Features of Drugs and magic remedies Act and its rules.
8. Study of essential Commodities Act Relevant to drugs price control Order.
9. Drug Price control Order & National Drug Policy (Current).
10. Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act-1960.
11. Patents & design Act-1970.
12. Brief study of prescription and Non-prescription Products.
4. Assignments:
Format of the assignment1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages
2. It shall be a computer draft copy
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student
5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min
Case studies relating to1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act and rules along with its amendments, Dangerous Drugs Act, Medicinal and Toilet preparation Act, New Drug Policy, Professional Ethics, Drugs (Price control) Order, Patent and Design Act.
2. Various prescription and non-prescription products.
3. Medical and surgical accessories.
4. Diagnostic aids and appliances available in the market.
1. Modern concept of rational drug design: A brief introduction to Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR), pro-drug, combinatorial chemistry and computer aided drug design (CADD) and concept of antisense molecules.
A study of the development of the following classes of drugs including SAR, mechanism of action, synthesis of important compounds, chemical nomenclature, brand names of important marketed products and their side effects.2. Anti-infective agents
3. Sulphonamides and sulphones
4. Antimalarials
5. Antibiotics
6. Antineoplastic agents
7. Cardiovascular agents
8. Hypoglycemic agents
9. Thyroid and Antithyroid agents
10. Diureties
11. Diagnostic agents
12. Steroidal Hormones and Adrenocorticoids
1. Assays of important drugs from the course content.
2. Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates required for synthesis of drugs.
3. Monograph analysis of important drugs.
4. Determination of partition coefficients, dissociation constants and molar refractivity of compounds for QSAR analysis.
Reference Books:(a)Wilson and Gisvolds Text book of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lippincott-Raven Publishers-New York, Philadelphia.(b)William.O.Foye, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.(c)Burgers, Medicinal Chemistry, M.E.,Welly Med.Chemistry M.E. Walffed Johnwilley and Sons, Wiley-inter science Publication, New York, Toranto.(d)A Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. I and II by Surendra N. Pandeya, S.G. Publisher, 6, Dildayal Nagar, Varanasi -10.(e)Indian Pharmacopoeia 1985 and 1996. The Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, Delhi - 54.(f)Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) and MIMS India, MIMS, A.E. Morgan Publications (I) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi-19.(g)Organic Drug Synthesis-Ledniser Mitzsher Vol. I and II.(h)Pharmaceutical Chemistry drug Synthesis Vol. I and II by H. J. Roth and A. Kleemann.(i)The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Vol. 1 and 2, Remington, MACK Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania.1. Scope of the Subject: Scope and objectives of the course: Subject deals with the formulation and evaluation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms.
2. Objectives of the Subject: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to (Know, do, appreciate) -
3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule:
Title of the topic1. Pharmaceutical dosage form- concept and classification
2. Tablets: Formulation of different types of tablets, tablet excipients, granulation techniques quality control and evaluation of tablets. Tablet coating, Type of coating, quality control tests for coated tablet.
3. Capsules; Production and filling of hard gelatin capsules, Raw material for shell, finishing, quality control tests for capsules. Production and filling of soft gelatin capsules, quality control tests for soft gelatin capsules.
4. Liquid orals: Formulation and evaluation of suspensions, emulsions and solutions. Stability of these preparations
5. Parenteral Introduction Containers used for Parenteral (including official tests) Formulation of large and small volume Parenteral Sterilization
6. Ophthalmic preparations (Semi - Solids): Introduction and classification Factors affecting absorption and anatomy of skin Packaging storage and labelling, Ointments Types of Ointment Base Preparation of ointment, Jellies Types of jellies Formulation of jellies Suppositories, Method of preparation, Types Packaging
7. Definition and concept of Controlled and novel Drug delivery systems with available examples, viz. parenteral, trains dermal, buccal, rectal, nasal, implants, ocular
1. Manufacture of Tablets
2. Formulation and filling of hard gelatin capsules
3. Manufacture of parenteral
4. Evaluation of Pharmaceutical formulations (QC tests)
5. Formulation of two liquid oral preparations and evaluation by assay
6. Formulation of semisolids and evaluation by assay
7. Cosmetic preparations
8. Tablet coating (demonstration)
Scheme of Practical Examination :| Session | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope : This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for contribution to quality use of medicines. Chapters dealt cover briefly pathophysiology and mostly therapeutics of various diseases. This will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common diseases and their management.
2. Objectives: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to understand -
(a)the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;(b)the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;(c)the controversies in drug therapy;(d)the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;(e)needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);(f)describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for drug therapy;(g)to summarize the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including reference to the latest available evidence;(h)to discuss the controversies in drug therapy;(i)to discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and(j)identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).Text Books(a)Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Roger and Walker, Churchill Livingstone publication(b)Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic approach - Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Appleton & Lange Reference Books(a)Pathologic basis of disease - Robins SL, W.B.Saunders publication(b)Pathology and therapeutics for Pharmacists: A Basis for Clinical Pharmacy Practice - Green and Harris, Chapman and Hall publication(c)Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins Publication(d)Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA(e)Averys Drug Treatment, 4th Edn, 1997, Adis International Limited.(f)Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature.1. Gastrointestinal system: Peptic ulcer disease, Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Liver disorders - Alcoholic liver disease, Viral hepatitis including jaundice, and Drug induced liver disorders.
2. Haematological system: Anaemias, Venous thromboembolism, Drug induced blood disorders.
3. Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinsonism, Stroke, Alzheimer's disease,
4. Psychiatry disorders: Schizophrenia, Affective disorders, Anxiety disorders, Sleep disorders, Obsessive Compulsive disorders
5. Pain management including Pain pathways, neuralgias, headaches.
6. Evidence Based Medicine
Assignments:Students are required to submit written assignments on the topics given to them. Topics allotted should cover recent developments in drug therapy of various diseases. A minimum of Three assignments [1500 - 2000 words] should be submitted for evaluation.Format of the assignment:1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year
4. It shall be computer draft copy
5. Name and signature of the student
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
Scheme of Practical Examination :| Session | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug dispensing, manufacturing of parenteral preparations, drug information, patient counselling, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care.
2. Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to -
3. Lecture wise programme :
Topics1. Hospital - its Organisation and functions
2. Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
3. The Budget - Preparation and implementation
4. Hospital drug policy
5. Hospital pharmacy services
6. Manufacture of Pharmaceutical preparations
7. Continuing professional development programs Education and training
8. Radio Pharmaceuticals - Handling and packaging
9. Professional Relations and practices of hospital pharmacist
1. Assessment of drug interactions in the given prescriptions
2. Manufacture of parenteral formulations, powders.
3. Drug information queries.
4. Inventory control
List of Assignments:1. Design and Management of Hospital pharmacy department for a 300 bedded hospital.
2. Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee - Organization, functions, and limitations.
3. Development of a hospital formulary for 300 bedded teaching hospital
4. Preparation of ABC analysis of drugs sold in one month from the pharmacy.
5. Different phases of clinical trials with elements to be evaluated.
6. Various sources of drug information and systematic approach to provide unbiased drug information.
7. Evaluation of prescriptions generated in hospital for drug interactions and find out the suitable management.
Special requirements:1. Each college should sign MoU with nearby local hospital having minimum 150 beds for providing necessary training to the students on hospital pharmacy activities.
2. Well equipped with various resources of drug information.
Scheme of Practical Examination:| Session | Annual | |
| Synopsis | 05 | 15 |
| Major Experiment | 10 | 25 |
| Minor Experiment | 03 | 15 |
| Viva | 02 | 15 |
| Max Marks | 20 | 70 |
| Duration | 03hrs | 04hrs |
1. Objectives of the Subject :Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to (Know, do, appreciate) -
2. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule:
Title of the topic1. Definitions, development and scope of clinical pharmacy
2. Introduction to daily activities of a clinical pharmacist
3. Patient data analysisThe patients case history, its structure and use in evaluation of drug therapy & Understanding common medical abbreviations and terminologies used in clinical practices.
4. Clinical laboratory tests used in the evaluation of disease states, and interpretation of test results
5. Drug & Poison information
6. Pharmacovigilance
7. Communication skills, including patient counselling techniques, medication history interview, presentation of cases.
8. Pharmaceutical care concepts
9. Critical evaluation of biomedical literature
10. Medication errors
1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
1. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule
1. Research Methodology
2. Bio statistics
3. Computer applications in pharmacy
Computer System in Hospital Pharmacy: Patterns of Computer use in Hospital Pharmacy - Patient record database management, Medication order entry - Drug labels and list - Intravenous solution and admixture, patient medication profiles, Inventory control, Management report & Statistics.Computer In Community Pharmacy Computerizing the Prescription Dispensing process Use of Computers for Pharmaceutical Care in community pharmacy Accounting and General ledger systemDrug Information Retrieval & Storage :Introduction - Advantages of Computerized Literature Retrieval Use of Computerized RetrievalReference books:(a)Pharmaceutical statistics- practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton 3rd edition, publisher Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.(b)Drug Information- A Guide for Pharmacists, Patrick M Malone, Karen L Kier, John E Stanovich , 3rd edition, McGraw Hill Publications 20061. Biopharmaceutics
1. Introduction to Biopharmaceutics
2. Pharmacokinetics
2. Introduction to Pharmacokinetics.
3. One compartment open model.
4. Multi compartment models.
5. Multiple - Dosage Regimens.
6. Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics.
7. Non compartmental Pharmacokinetics.
8. Bio availability and Bio equivalence.
(a)Introduction.(b)Bio availability study protocol.(c)Methods of Assessment of Bio availability1. Improvement of dissolution characteristics of slightly soluble drugs by some methods.
2. Comparison of dissolution studies of two different marketed products of same drug.
3. Influence of polymorphism on solubility and dissolution.
4. Protein binding studies of a highly protein bound drug and poorly protein bound drug.
5. Extent of plasma-protein binding studies on the same drug (i.e. highly and poorly protein bound drug) at different concentrations in respect of constant time.
6. Bio availability studies of some commonly used drugs on animal/human model.
7. Calculation of Ka, Ke, t1/2, Cmax, AUC, AUMC, MRT etc. from blood profile data.
8. Calculation of bio availability from urinary excretion data for two drugs.
9. Calculation of AUC and bio equivalence from the given data for two drugs.
10. In vitro absorption studies.
11. Bio equivalency studies on the different drugs marketed.(eg) Tetracycline, Sulphamethoxzole, Trimethoprim, Aspirin etc., on animals and human volunteers.
12. Absorption studies in animal inverted intestine using various drugs.
13. Effect on contact time on the plasma protein binding of drugs.
14. Studying metabolic pathways for different drugs based on elimination kinetics data.
15. Calculation of elimination half-life for different drugs by using urinary elimination data and blood level data.
16. Determination of renal clearance.
References:(a)Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by, Milo Gibaldi(b)Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, By Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvnia.(c)Pharmacokinetics: By Milo Glbaldi Donald, R. Mercel Dekker Inc.(d)Hand Book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, By Milo Gibaldi and Laurie Prescott by ADIS Health Science Press.(e)Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; By Robert F Notari(f)Biopharmaceutics; By Swarbrick(g)Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-A Treatise, By D. M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.Jaiswal, Vallabh Prakashan Pitampura, Delhi(h)Cilincal Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications: By Malcolm Rowland and Thomas, N. Tozen, Lea and Febrger, Philadelphia, 1995.(i)Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, By Abdou H.M, Mack, Publishing Company, Pennsylvania 1989.(j)Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics-An introduction 4th edition Revised and expanded by Rebort F Notari Marcel Dekker Inn, New York and Basel, 1987.(k)Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol 13, James Swarbrick, James, C. Roylan, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York 1996.1. General principles involved in the management of poisoning
2. Antidotes and the clinical applications.
3. Supportive care in clinical Toxicology.
4. Gut Decontamination.
5. Elimination Enhancement.
6. Toxicokinetics.
7. Clinical symptoms and management of acute poisoning with the following agents -
8. Clinical symptoms and management of chronic poisoning with the following agents -Heavy metals: Arsenic, lead, mercury, iron, copper
9. Venomous snake bites: Families of venomous snakes, clinical effects of venoms, general management as first aid, early manifestations, complications and snake bite injuries.
10. Plants poisoning. Mushrooms, Mycotoxins.
11. Food poisonings
12. Envenomations - Arthropod bites and stings.
Substance abuse:Signs and symptoms of substance abuse and treatment of dependence(a)CNS stimulants :amphetamine(b)Opioids(c)CNS depressants(d)Hallucinogens: LSD(e)Cannabis group(f)TobaccoReferences:(a)Matthew J Ellenhorn. Ellenhorns Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Poisoning. Second edition. Williams and Willkins publication, London(b)V V Pillay. Handbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Thirteenth edition 2003 Paras Publication, HyderabadFifth year1. Drug development process:
IntroductionVarious Approaches to drug discovery1. Pharmacological
2. Toxicological
3. IND Application
4. Drug characterization
5. Dosage form
2. Clinical development of drug:
1. Introduction to Clinical trials
2. Various phases of clinical trial.
3. . Methods of post marketing surveillance
4. Abbreviated New Drug Application submission.
5. Good Clinical Practice - ICH, GCP, Central drug standard control organisation (CDSCO) guidelines
6. Challenges in the implementation of guidelines
7. Ethical guidelines in Clinical Research
8. Composition, responsibilities, procedures of IRB / IEC
9. Overview of regulatory environment in USA, Europe and India.
10. Role and responsibilities of clinical trial personnel as per ICH GCP
11. Designing of clinical study documents (protocol, CRF, ICF, PIC with assignment)
12. Informed consent Process
13. Data management and its components
14. Safety monitoring in clinical trials.
References :(a)Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. Good Clinical Practices-Guidelines for Clinical Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health; 2001.(b)International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical requirements for registration of Pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Guideline for Good Clinical Practice.E6; May 1996.(c)Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects 2000. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.(d)Textbook of Clinical Trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan Green, March 2005, John Wiley and Sons.(e)Principles of Clinical Research edited by Giovanna di Ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes.(f)Clinical Data Management edited by R K Rondels, S A Varley, C F Webbs. Second Edition, Jan 2000, Wiley Publications.(g)Goodman & Gilman: JG Hardman, LE Limbard, 10th Edn. McGraw Hill Publications, 2001.1. Pharmacoepidemiology :
Definition and scope:Origin and evaluation of pharmacoepidemiology need for pharmacoepidemiology, aims and applications.Measurement of outcomes in pharmacoepidemiologyOutcome measure and drug use measures Prevalence, incidence and incidence rate. Monetary units, number of prescriptions, units of drugs dispensed, defined daily doses and prescribed daily doses, medication adherence measurementConcept of risk in pharmacoepidemiologyMeasurement of risk, attributable risk and relative risk, time-risk relationship and odds ratioPharmacoepidemiological methodsIncludes theoretical aspects of various methods and practical study of various methods with the help of case studies for individual methodsDrug utilization review, case reports, case series, surveys of drug use, cross -sectional studies, cohort studies, case control studies, case -cohort studies, meta -analysis studies, spontaneous reporting, prescription event monitoring and record linkage system.Sources of data for pharmacoepidemiological studiesAd Hoc data sources and automated data systems.Selected special applications of pharmacoepidemiologyStudies of vaccine safety, hospital pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology and risk management, drug induced birth defects.2. Phrmacoeconomics:
Definition, history, needs of pharmacoeconomic evaluationsRole in formulary management decisionsPharmacoeconomic evaluationOutcome assessment and types of evaluationIncludes theoretical aspects of various methods and practical study of various methods with the help of case studies for individual methods:Cost - minimization, cost- benefit, cost - effectiveness, cost utility3. Applications of Pharmacoeconomics
Software and case studies1. Introduction to Clinical pharmacokinetics.
2. Design of dosage regimens:
Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen, Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing, Determination of dose and dosing intervals, Drug dosing in the elderly and pediatrics and obese patients.3. Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction:
4. Therapeutic Drug monitoring:
5. Dosage adjustment in Renal and hepatic Disease.
6. Population Pharmacokinetics.
7. Pharmacogenetics
(a)Genetic polymorphism in Drug metabolism: Cytochrome P-450 Isoenzymes.(b)Genetic Polymorphism in Drug Transport and Drug Targets.(c)Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamic considerationsAppendix-B(See Regulation 9)Conditions To Be Fulfilled By The Academic Training Institution1. Institution with their own hospital of minimum 300 beds.
2. Teaching hospital recognised by the Medical Council of India or University, or a Government hospital not below the level of district headquarter hospital with 300 beds with clearly defined Memorandum of Understanding including housing pharmacy practice department with minimum carpet area of 30 square feet per student along with consent to provide the professional manpower to support the programme.
3. Corporate type hospital with minimum 300 beds with clearly defined Memorandum of Understanding including housing pharmacy practice department with minimum carpet area of 30 square feet per student along with consent to provide the professional manpower to support the programme.
4. Number of institutions which can be attached to one hospital shall be restricted by the student pharmacist to bed ratio of 1:10.
1. Surgery
2. Pediatrics
3. Gynecology and obstetrics
4. Psychiatry
5. Skin and VD
6. Orthopedics
(iii)Location of the HospitalWithin the same limits of Corporation or Municipality or Campus with Medical Faculty involvement as adjunct faculty [and where the hospital and institution are located in different Corporation or Municipality or Campus, the distance between the two shall not be more than 30 kms. by road] [Added by Notification No. 14-126/2019-PCI, dated 6.12.2019.].| S.No. | Subject | Specialisationrequired |
| 1. | Pharmacy Practice | M.Pharm in PharmacyPractice or Pharmacology or Pharmaceutics. |
| 2. | Human Anatomy &Physiology | M.Pharm in Pharmacologyor Pharmacy practice |
| 3. | Pharmaceutics (Dispensing& General Pharmacy) | M.Pharm in Pharmaceutics |
| 4. | Pharmacognosy-I | M.Pharm in Pharmacognosy |
| 5. | Pharmaceutical OrganicChemistry-I | M.Pharm in Pharmaceuticalchemistry or Pharmaceutical Analysis or Quality assurance or BulkDrug |
| 6. | Pharmaceutical InorganicChemistry | M.Pharm in Pharmaceuticalchemistry or Pharmaceutical Analysis or Quality assurance or BulkDrug |
| 7. | Pharmaceuticalmicrobiology | M.Pharm in Pharmaceuticsor Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |
| 8. | Pathophysiology | M.Pharm Pharmacy practiceor Pharmacology |
| 9. | Applied Biochemistry &Clinical Chemistry | M.Pharm in Pharmacologyor Pharmacy practice or Pharmaceutical chemistry |
| 10. | Pharmacology-I | M.Pharm in Pharmacologyor Pharmacy practice |
| 11. | PharmaceuticalJurisprudence | M.Pharm in Pharmaceutics |
| 12. | Pharmacology-II | M.Pharm in Pharmacologyor Pharmacy practice |
| 13. | Pharmaceutical DosageForms | M.Pharm in Pharmaceuticsor Industrial Pharmacy |
| 14. | Pharmacotherapeutics -I,II and III | M.Pharm Pharmacy practiceor Pharmacology |
| 15. | Community Pharmacy | M.Pharm in Pharmacypractice or Pharmacology or Pharmaceutics |
| 16. | Hospital Pharmacy | M.Pharm in Pharmacypractice or Pharmacology or Pharmaceutics |
| 17. | Clinical Pharmacy | M.Pharm in Pharmacypractice |
| 18. | Computer Science orComputer Application in pharmacy | MCA |
| 19. | Mathematics | M.Sc. (Maths) |
| Department/Division | Name of the post | No. |
| Department of Pharmaceutics | Professor | 1 |
| Asst. Professor | 1 | |
| Lecturer | 2 | |
| Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (IncludingPharmaceutical Analysis) | Professor | 1 |
| Asst. Professor | 1 | |
| Lecturer | 3 | |
| Department of Pharmacology | Professor | 1 |
| Asst. Professor | 1 | |
| Lecturer | 2 | |
| Department of Pharmacognosy | Professor | 1 |
| Asst. Professor | 1 | |
| Lecturer | 1 | |
| Department of Pharmacy Practice | Professor | 1 |
| Asst. Professor | 2 | |
| Lecturer | 3 |
| Sl. No. | Cadre | Qualifications | Experience |
| 1. | Lecturer | (i) Basic degree in pharmacy(B.Pharm).(ii) Registration as a pharmacistunder the Pharmacy Act.(iii) First Class Master’s degree in appropriate branchof specialization in Pharmacy (M.Pharm) | No minimum requirement. |
| 2. | Assistant Professor | (i) Basic degree in pharmacy(B.Pharm).(ii) Registration as a pharmacistunder the Pharmacy Act.(iii) Master’s degree inappropriate branch of specialization in Pharmacy (M.Pharm)(iv) Ph.D. degree (with First Class degree either atBachelor’s or Master’s level) in the appropriatebranch of specialization in Pharmacy. | Three years experience in Teaching or Researchat the level of Lecturer or equivalent. |
| 3. | Professor | (i) Basic degree in pharmacy(B.Pharm).(ii) Registration as a pharmacistunder the Pharmacy Act.(iii) Master’s degree inappropriate branch of specialization in Pharmacy (M.Pharm).(iv) Ph.D. degree (with first Class either at Bachelor’sor Master’s level) in appropriate branch of specializationin Pharmacy. | (i) Ten yearsexperience in Teaching or Research.(ii) Out of which five years must be asAssistant Professor. |
| 4. | Director or Principal or Head of institute | (i) Basic degree in pharmacy(B.Pharm).(ii) Registration as a pharmacistunder the Pharmacy Act.(iii) Master’s degree inappropriate branch of specialization in Pharmacy (M.Pharm)(iv) Ph.D. degree (with first Class degree either atBachelor’s or Master’s level in the appropriatebranch of specialization in Pharmacy. | (i) Fifteen yearsexperience in Teaching or Research.(ii) Out of whichfive years must be as Professor or above in Pharmacy.Desirable:Administrativeexperience in responsible position.The maximum age for holding the post shall be 65years. |
| (a) | Teaching staff will be trained as per the moduleprescribed by the Central Council. | ||
| (b) | Duration of training | - | Minimum 3 months. |
| (c) | Training sites | - | Institutions running pharmacy practice orProgrammes for atleast five years. |
| (d) | Trainer | - | Professor or Assistant Professor with minimum offive years of clinical pharmacy teaching and practice experience. |
| Sl.No. | Designation | Required(Minimum) | RequiredQualification |
| 1 | LaboratoryTechnician | 1 for eachDept | D. Pharm |
| 2 | LaboratoryAssistants or Laboratory Attenders | 1 for eachLab (minimum) | SSLC |
| 3 | OfficeSuperintendent | 1 | Degree |
| 4 | Accountant | 1 | Degree |
| 5 | Storekeeper | 1 | D.Pharm or aBachelor degree recognized by a University or institution. |
| 6 | ComputerData Operator | 1 | BCA orGraduate with Computer Course |
| 7 | OfficeStaff I | 1 | Degree |
| 8 | OfficeStaff II | 2 | Degree |
| 9 | Peon | 2 | SSLC |
| 10 | Cleaningpersonnel | Adequate | --- |
| 11 | Gardener | Adequate | --- |
| 1. | Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Lab | -2 | |
| 2. | Life Science (Pharmacology, Physiology, Pathophysiology) | -2 | |
| 3. | Phytochemistry or Pharmaceutical Chemistry | -2 | |
| 4. | Pharmacy Practice | -2 | |
| Total | = | 8 | |
6. Equipment and Apparatus :
Department wise list of minimum equipmentsA. Department of Pharmacology :I. Equipment:| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Microscopes | 15 |
| 2 | Haemocytometer with Micropipettes | 20 |
| 3 | Sahli’s haemocytometer | 20 |
| 4 | Hutchinson’s spirometer | 01 |
| 5 | Spygmomanometer | 05 |
| 6 | Stethoscope | 05 |
| 7 | Permanent Slides for various tissues | One pair of each tissue Organs and endocrineglands One slide of each organ system |
| 8 | Models for various organs | One model of each organ system |
| 9 | Specimen for various organs and systems | One model for each organ system |
| 10 | Skeleton and bones | One set of skeleton and one spare bone |
| 11 | Different Contraceptive Devices and Models | One set of each device |
| 12 | Muscle electrodes | 01 |
| 13 | Lucas moist chamber | 01 |
| 14 | Myographic lever | 01 |
| 15 | Stimulator | 01 |
| 16 | Centrifuge | 01 |
| 17 | Digital Balance | 01 |
| 18 | Physical /Chemical Balance | 01 |
| 19 | Sherrington’s Kymograph Machine orPolyrite | 10 |
| 20 | Sherrington Drum | 10 |
| 21 | Perspex bath assembly (single unit) | 10 |
| 22 | Aerators | 10 |
| 23 | Computer with LCD | 01 |
| 24 | Software packages for experiment | 01 |
| 25 | Standard graphs of various drugs | Adequate number |
| 26 | Actophotometer | 01 |
| 27 | Rotarod | 01 |
| 28 | Pole climbing apparatus | 01 |
| 29 | Analgesiometer (Eddy’s hot plate andradiant heat methods) | 01 |
| 30 | Convulsiometer | 01 |
| 31 | Plethysmograph | 01 |
| 32 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| S.No | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Folin-Wu tubes | 60 |
| 2 | Dissection Tray and Boards | 10 |
| 3 | Haemostatic artery forceps | 10 |
| 4 | Hypodermic syringes and needles of size15,24,26G | 10 |
| 5 | Levers, cannulae | 20 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Microscope with stage micro-meter | 15 |
| 2 | Digital Balance | 02 |
| 3 | Autoclave | 02 |
| 4 | Hot air oven | 02 |
| 5 | B.O.D.incubator | 01 |
| 6 | Refrigerator | 01 |
| 7 | Laminar air flow | 01 |
| 8 | Colony counter | 02 |
| 9 | Zone reader | 01 |
| 10 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| 11 | Sterility testing unit | 01 |
| 12 | Camera Lucida | 15 |
| 13 | Eye piece micrometer | 15 |
| 14 | Incinerator | 01 |
| 15 | Moisture balance | 01 |
| 16 | Heating mantle | 15 |
| 17 | Flourimeter | 01 |
| 18 | Vacuum pump | 02 |
| 19 | Micro-pipettes (Single and multi channelled) | 02 |
| 20 | Micro Centrifuge | 01 |
| 21 | Projection Microscope | 01 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Reflux flask with condenser | 20 |
| 2 | Water bath | 20 |
| 3 | Cl avengers apparatus | 10 |
| 4 | Soxhlet apparatus | 10 |
| 6 | TLC chamber and sprayer | 10 |
| 7 | Distillation unit | 01 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Hot plates | 05 |
| 2 | Oven | 03 |
| 3 | Refrigerator | 01 |
| 4 | Analytical Balances for demonstration | 05 |
| 5 | Digital balance 10mg sensitivity | 10 |
| 6 | Digital Balance (1mg sensitivity) | 01 |
| 7 | Suction pumps | 06 |
| 8 | Muffle Furnace | 01 |
| 9 | Mechanical Stirrers | 10 |
| 10 | Magnetic Stirrers with Thermostat | 10 |
| 11 | Vacuum Pump | 01 |
| 12 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| 13 | Microwave Oven | 02 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Distillation Unit | 02 |
| 2 | Reflux flask and condenser single necked | 20 |
| 3 | Reflux flask and condenser double/ triple necked | 20 |
| 4 | Burettes | 40 |
| 5 | Arsenic Limit Test Apparatus | 20 |
| 6 | Nesslers Cylinders | 40 |
| S.No | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Mechanical stirrers | 10 |
| 2 | Homogenizer | 05 |
| 3 | Digital balance | 05 |
| 4 | Microscopes | 05 |
| 5 | Stage and eye piece micro-meters | 05 |
| 6 | Brookfield’s viscometer | 01 |
| 7 | Tray dryer | 01 |
| 8 | Ball mill | 01 |
| 9 | Sieve shaker with sieve set | 01 |
| 10 | Double cone blender | 01 |
| 11 | Propeller type mechanical agitator | 05 |
| 12 | Autoclave | 01 |
| 13 | Steam distillation still | 01 |
| 14 | Vacuum Pump | 01 |
| 15 | Standard sieves, sieve no. 8, 10, 12, 22, 24,44, 66, 80 | 10 sets |
| 16 | Tablet punching machine | 01 |
| 17 | Capsule filling machine | 01 |
| 18 | Ampoule washing machine | 01 |
| 19 | Ampoule filling and sealing machine | 01 |
| 20 | Tablet disintegration test apparatus IP | 01 |
| 21 | Tablet dissolution test apparatus IP | 01 |
| 22 | Monsanto’s hardness tester | 01 |
| 23 | Pfizer type hardness tester | 01 |
| 24 | Friability test apparatus | 01 |
| 25 | Clarity test apparatus | 01 |
| 26 | Ointment filling machine | 01 |
| 27 | Collapsible tube crimping machine | 01 |
| 28 | Tablet coating pan | 01 |
| 29 | Magnetic stirrer, 500ml and 1 liter capacitywith speed control | 05 Each 10 |
| 30 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| 31 | All purpose equipment with all accessories | 01 |
| 32 | Aseptic Cabinet | 01 |
| 33 | BOD Incubator | 02 |
| 34 | Bottle washing Machine | 01 |
| 35 | Bottle Sealing Machine | 01 |
| 36 | Bulk Density Apparatus | 02 |
| 37 | Conical Percolator (glass/copper/ stainlesssteel) | 10 |
| 38 | Capsule Counter | 02 |
| 39 | Energy meter | 02 |
| 40 | Hot Plate | 02 |
| 41 | Humidity Control Oven | 01 |
| 42 | Liquid Filling Machine | 01 |
| 43 | Mechanical stirrer with speed regulator | 02 |
| 44 | Precision Melting point Apparatus | 01 |
| 45 | Distillation Unit | 01 |
| S.No | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Ostwald’s viscometer | 15 |
| 2 | Stalagmometer | 15 |
| 3 | Desiccator* | 05 |
| 4 | Suppository moulds | 20 |
| 5 | Buchner Funnels (Small, medium, large) | 05 each |
| 6 | Filtration assembly | 01 |
| 7 | Permeability Cups | 05 |
| 8 | Andreason’s Pipette | 03 |
| 9 | Lipstick moulds | 10 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Orbital shaker incubator | 01 |
| 2 | Lyophilizer (Desirable) | 01 |
| 3 | Gel Electrophoresis (Vertical and Horizontal) | 01 |
| 4 | Phase contrast/Trinocular Microscope | 01 |
| 5 | Refrigerated Centrifuge | 01 |
| 6 | Fermenters of different capacity (Desirable) | 01 |
| 7 | Tissue culture station | 01 |
| 8 | Laminar airflow unit | 01 |
| 9 | Diagnostic kits to identify infectious agents | 01 |
| 10 | Rheometer | 01 |
| 11 | Viscometer | 01 |
| 12 | Micropipettes (single and multi channeled) | 01 each |
| 13 | Sonicator | 01 |
| 14 | Respinometer | 01 |
| 15 | BOD Incubator | 01 |
| 16 | Paper Electrophoresis Unit | 01 |
| 17 | Micro Centrifuge | 01 |
| 18 | Incubator water bath | 01 |
| 19 | Autoclave | 01 |
| 20 | Refrigerator | 01 |
| 21 | Filtration Assembly | 01 |
| 22 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Colourimeter | 2 |
| 2 | Microscope | Adequate |
| 3 | Permanent slides (skin, kidney, pancreas, smoothmuscle, liver etc.,) | Adequate |
| 4 | Watch glass | Adequate |
| 5 | Centrifuge | 1 |
| 6 | Biochemical reagents for analysis of normal andpathological constituents in urine and blood facilities | Adequate |
| 7 | Filtration equipment | 2 |
| 8 | Filling Machine | 1 |
| 9 | Sealing Machine | 1 |
| 10 | Autoclave sterilizer | 1 |
| 11 | Membrane filter 1 Unit | |
| 12 | Sintered glass funnel with complete filteringassemble | Adequate |
| 13 | Small disposable membrane filter for IVadmixture filtration | Adequate |
| 14 | Laminar air flow bench | 1 |
| 15 | Vacuum pump | 1 |
| 16 | Oven | 1 |
| 17 | Surgical dressing | Adequate |
| 18 | Incubator | 1 |
| 19 | PH meter | 1 |
| 20 | Disintegration test apparatus | 1 |
| 21 | Hardness tester | 1 |
| 22 | Centrifuge | 1 |
| 23 | Magnetic stirrer | 1 |
| 24 | Thermostatic bath | 1 |
2. Adequate number of glassware commonly used in the laboratory should be provided in each laboratory and the department.
G. Central Instrumentation Room :| S.No. | Name | Minimum required Nos. |
| 1 | Colourimeter | 01 |
| 2 | Digital pH meter | 01 |
| 3 | UV- Visible Spectrophotometer | 01 |
| 4 | Flourimeter | 01 |
| 5 | Digital Balance (1mg sensitivity) | 01 |
| 6 | Nephelo Turbidity meter | 01 |
| 7 | Flame Photometer | 01 |
| 8 | Potentiometer | 01 |
| 9 | Conductivity meter | 01 |
| 10 | Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrometer(Desirable) | 01 |
| 11 | HPLC | 01 |
| 12 | HPTLC (Desirable) | 01 |
| 13 | Atomic Absorption and Emission spectrophotometer(Desirable) | 01 |
| 14 | Biochemistry Analyzer (Desirable) | 01 |
| 15 | Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen Analyzer (Desirable) | 01 |
| 16 | Deep Freezer (Desirable) | 01 |
| 17 | Ion- Exchanger | 01 |
| 18 | Lyophilizer (Desirable) | 01 |
| (1) | Proficiency of knowledge required for each casemanagement | Score 0-5 |
| (2) | The competency in skills expected for providingClinical Pharmacy Services | Score 0-5 |
| (3) | Responsibility, punctuality, work up of case,involvement in patient care | Score 0-5 |
| (4) | Ability to work in a team (Behaviour with otherhealth care professionals including medical doctors, nursingstaff an d colleagues). | Score 0-5 |
| (5) | Initiative, participation in discussions,research aptitude. | Score 0-5 |
| Poor | Fair | Below Average | Average | Above Average | Excellent |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |