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Union of India - Section

Section 3 in Aircraft Rules, 1937

3. [] [Sub-Rule 3(1) renumbered as Rule 3 by G.S.R. 80(E), dated 22.2.1993.] [Definitions and interpretation. [Substituted by G.S.R. 1238, dated 8.9.1962.]

- In these rules, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context -][* * *] [ Clause (1) Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)
(1) "Accident" means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which-(a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of-(i) being in the aircraft, or(ii) direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft; or(iii) direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or(b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which-(i) adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and(ii) would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings, small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or(c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.Explanation1.- For the purposes of this clause "fatally injured" means an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of the accident.Explanation2.- For the purposes of this clause "aircraft is missing" means the wreckage of the aircraft has not been located when the official search has been terminated;
(1A)[ "Aerial work aircraft" means an aircraft used for the aerial work.] [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 643 (E) dated 29.7.2010 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]
(2)"Aerodrome" means any definite or limited ground or water area intended to be used, either wholly or in part, for the landing or departure of aircraft, and includes all buildings, sheds, vessels, piers and other structures thereon or appertaining thereto;[* * *] [Clause (3) omitted by G.S.R. 610(E), 14.8.1984.]
(4)"Aerodyne" means an aircraft whose support in flight is derived dynamically from the reaction on surfaces in motion relative to the air, and includes all aeroplanes, helicopters, gyroplanes, gliders and kites;[(4-A) "Aeronautical beacon" means an aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuth either continuously or intermittently to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth; [Inserted by G.S.R. 610(E), 14.8.1984.](4-B) "Aeronautical ground light" means any light provided as an aid to air navigation other than a light displayed on an aircraft;]
(5)[ "Aeroplane" means a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight;] [Substituted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(6)"Aerostat" means an aircraft supported in the air statically and includes all airships and balloons;
(7)[ "Aircraft" means any machine which can derive support in the atmosphere from reactions of the air other than reactions of the air against the earth's surface and includes balloons whether fixed or free, airships, kites, gliders and flying machines;] [Substituted by G.S.R. 270, dated 2.3.1973.][(7-A) "Aircraft component" means any part, the soundness and correct functioning of which, when fitted to an aircraft, is essential to the continued airworthiness or safety of the aircraft and includes any item of equipment;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(8)[ "Airship" means a power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft;] [Substituted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(9)"Air transport service" means a service for the transport by air of persons, mails or any other thing, animate or inanimate, for any kind of remuneration whatsoever, whether such service consists of a single flight or series of flights;[(9-A) "Air transport undertaking" means an undertaking whose business includes the carriage by air of passengers or cargo for hire or reward;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.197.]
(9B)[ "Amateur-built aircraft" means an aircraft, the major portion (minimum 51%) of which has been fabricated and assembled by person or persons who undertook the construction project solely for their own education, research and development, sports or recreation;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1358(E), dated 01.11.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(10)"Amphibian" means an aeroplane capable normally of taking off from and alighting on either land or a solid platform or water;
(10A)[ "Approved" means accepted by the Director-General as suitable for a particular purpose;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 721(E), dated 23.6.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(10B)[] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.] "Approved maintenance system" means the maintenance system approved by the Director-General of Civil Aviation;]
(10BB)[ "Approved training organisation" means an organisation approved by the Director-General and operating in accordance with the provisions of these rules to perform approved training;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1089(E), dated 5.11.2018 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).][10C) ***] [Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1066(E), dated 25.10.2018 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).][[(10D)] [Substituted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.] "Balloon" means a non-power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft;]
(11)[ "Basic Instrument Flight Trainer" means a device which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 289(E), dated 08.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).][(11-A) "Cabin crew member" means a crew member other than a flight crew member;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f, 21.7.2001).]
(11AA)[ "Cape Town Convention" means the Convention on international interests in mobile equipment signed at Cape Town, South Africa on the 16th of November, 2001, together with any regulations made in connection therewith as acceded to by India on March 31, 2008; [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 78(E), dated 9.2.2015 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]
(11AB)"Cape Town Protocol" means the Protocol to the Cape Town Convention on matters specific to Aircraft Equipment, signed in Cape Town, South Africa on the 16th of November, 2001, together with any regulations made in connection therewith as acceded to by India on the 31st March, 2008;][(11-B)] [Renumbered by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f. 21.7.2001).] "Certificate of airworthiness" means an aircraft specific document issued by the Director-General to signify that it conforms to its applicable type design and is in a condition for safe operation in accordance with the norms as specified by the Director-General;]
(12)"Class rating" shall comprise -
(a)Single-engine, land;
(b)Single-engine, sea;
(c)Multi-engine, land;
(d)Multi-engine, sea;
(12A)[ "Competency" means a combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes required to perform a task to the prescribed requirement;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1089(E), dated 5.11.2018 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(13)"Contracting State" means any State which is for the time being a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation concluded at Chicago on December 7, 1944, and any amendment which may be made thereto under the provisions of Article 94 thereof;[(13-A) "Convention" means the Convention relating to International Civil Aviation signed at Chicago on the 7th day of December, 1944, as amended from time to time;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.197.]
(14)"Co-pilot" means a licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other than as pilot-in-command but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction;[* * *] [Clause (15) omitted by G.S.R. 413, dated 4.8.2001 (w.e.f. 4.8.2001).]
(16)"Course" or "heading" means the direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (True, Magnetic or Compass);[(16-A) "Crew member" means a person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f. 21.7.2001).][* * *] [Clause (17) omitted by G.S.R. 232(E), dated 19.3.2007 (w.e.f. 24.3.2007).]
(17A)[ Defence Aerodrome" means an aerodrome owned and operated by Indian Air Force, Indian Navy or Indian Army;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 977 (E), dated 5.10.2016 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(18)"Director-General" means Director-General of Civil Aviation;
(19)"Dual flight time" means flight time during which a person is receiving flight instructions from a pilot on board the aircraft;
(20)"Export" means taking out of India;
(21)"Flight crew member" means a license crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft [during a flight duty period] [Substituted by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f. 21.7.2001).];
(21A)[ "Flight Dispatcher" means a person designated by the operator to engage in the control and supervision of flight operations, who supports, briefs and assists the pilot-in command in the safe conduct of the flight;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 289(E), dated 08.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).][[(21-AA)] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.197.] "Flight manual" means a manual associated with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitation within which the aeroplane is to be considered airworthy, and contains instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe operation of the aeroplane;]
(21D)[ "Flight Procedures Trainers" means a device which provides a realistic flight deck environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic and the like, aircraft systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class; [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 289(E), dated 08.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).]
(21E)"Flight Simulator" means a device which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic and the like, aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;
(21F)"Flight Simulation Training Device" means Flight Simulator, Flight Procedures Trainers or Basic Instrument Flight Trainer in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground;]
(22)[ "Flight time" - [Substituted by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f. 21.7.2001).]
(i)in respect of an aeroplane, means the total time from the moment the aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight; and
(ii)in respect of a helicopter, means the total time from the moment the helicopter's rotor blades start turning until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped.
Note. - Flight time as herein defined is synonymous with the term "block to block" time, or "chock to chock" time in general usage which is measured from the time an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until it finally stops at the end of the flight;]
(23)"Flight time in a glider" means the total time occupied in flight, whether being towed or not, from the moment the glider first moves for the purpose of taking-off until the movement it comes to rest at the end of the flight;
(24)"Flight time in free flight" includes flight time in glider when it is not being towed;
(25)"Flying machine" means a mechanically driven aerodyne, and includes all aeroplanes, helicopters and gyroplanes;[(25-A) "Foreign aircraft" means an aircraft registered in a country other than India;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(26)[ "Glider" means a non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight;] [Substituted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(27)[ "Government aerodrome" means an aerodrome which is maintained by or on behalf of the Central Government and includes an airport to which the Airports Authority of India Act, 1994 (55 of 1994) applies or is made applicable;] [Substituted by Act 732(E), dated 2.11.2004, for Clause (27) (w.e.f. 5.11.2004).]
(27A)[ "Gyroplane" means a rotorcraft whose rotors are not engine-driven, except for initial starting, but are made to rotate by action of the air when the rotorcraft is moving; and whose means of propulsion, consisting usually of conventional propellers, is independent of the rotor system;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1358(E), dated 01.11.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(28)"Helicopter" means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more power driven rotors on substantially vertical axis;
(28A)[ "IDERA" means the irrevocable deregistration and export request authorisation to be used for getting an aircraft deregistered and exported under the provisions of the Cape Town Protocol;] [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1066(E), dated 25.10.2018 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(28B)"IDERA Holder" means the authorised party under an IDERA or its certified designee;
(29)"Import" means bringing into India;[* * *] [ Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)
(29-A)"incident"in relation to an aircraft means an occurrence which takes place either on the ground or in flight, in which--(a) the aircraft suffers damage or a person associated either with the maintenance or operation of aircraft, or both, suffers injury in circumstances other than those specified in the definition of "accident",(b) the aircraft makes a forced landing,(c) the aircraft lands at aerodrome in an unairworthy condition,(d) the aircraft is compelled to land at the aerodrome of departure without completing the scheduled flight,(e) the aircraft lands owing to conditions which make continuance of the flight inadvisable,(f) the position of the aircraft becomes "unknown for any period", or(g) the safety of the aircraft or its occupants or of any other person or property is jeopardised in any manner;
(30)"Instrument time" means the instrument flight time or the instrument ground time;
(31)"Instrument flight time" means the time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points;
(32)"Instrument ground time" means the time during which a pilot is practising, on the ground, simulated instrument flight on a mechanical device approved by the Director-General;[(32-A) "Item of equipment" means any self-contained unit, which, when attached to, or installed on aircraft, performs a function essential under certain operating conditions of airworthiness or safety of the aircraft or its occupants;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(33)"Landing area" means that part of an aerodrome reserved for the departure or landing of aircraft;[(33-A) "License" means a license issued under these rules;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 1202, dated 23.7.1976.]
(33AA)[ "Light Sport Aircraft" means a fixed wing aircraft with maximum certificated take off mass exceeding 450 Kgs. but not exceeding 600 Kgs.(650 Kgs. in case of sea planes) and stalling speed not exceeding 45 knots;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 721(E), dated 23.6.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(33B)[ "Maintenance" means the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification and the embodiment of a modification or repair or test.] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1001 (E) dated 22.12.2010 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]
(33C)[ "Maintenance" means the performance of tasks on an aircraft, engine, propeller or associated part required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, engine, propeller or associated part including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair;] [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 289(E), dated 08.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).]
(34)"Making way"-An aircraft is said to be "making way" when under in the air or on the surface of the water, it has a velocity relative to the air or water, respectively;[(34-A) "Manoeuvring area" means that area of an aerodrome which is to be used for the take-off and landing of an aircraft and for the movement of aircraft associated with the take-off and landing;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 159, dated 10.1.1972.]
(34AA)[ "Manufacture" means the performance of tasks that involve assembly or production of aircraft, engine, propeller or associated parts and appliances in conformity with its applicable design including prototype. [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 253(E), dated 01.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).]Explanation. - For the purpose of this clause, "design" means the set of data and information that defines the configuration of an aeronautical product type, its associated parts and appliances for the purpose of airworthiness determination].[(34-B) "Microlight aircraft (single seater)" means a fixed wing aircraft with maximum all up weight not exceeding 330 kg. and a wing area not less than 10 sq. metres and which is designed to carry not more than one person; [Inserted by G.S.R. 218, dated 13.3.1991.](34-C) "Microlight Aircraft (two seater)" means a fixed wing aircraft with a maximum all up weight not exceeding 450 kg. and a wing area not less than 10 sq. metres and which is designed to carry not more than two persons;(34-D) "Microlight aircraft" means microlight aircraft (single seater) and Microlight aircraft (two seater) and excludes hand gliders and para-planes;]
(35)"Military aircraft" includes naval, military and air force aircraft, and every aircraft commanded by a person in naval, military or air force service detailed for the purpose;[(35-A) "Movement area" means the area of an aerodrome which is intended for the surface movement of an aircraft and includes the manoeuvring area and aprons;] [Inserted by G.S.R. 159, dated 10.1.1972.]
(36)"Normal flight" means flight comprising climbing, horizontal flight, turning and descending, provided, however, that it does not entail abrupt variations in height or in the attitude of the aircraft;
(37)"On the surface of the water"-An aircraft is deemed to be "on the surface of the water" so long as any portion of it is in contact with the water;
(38)"Operator" means a person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in aircraft operation;
(39)"Passenger aircraft", "mail aircraft" and "goods aircraft" means aircraft which effect public transport of passengers, mails or goods, respectively;[***] [Omitted '(39-A)' by Notification No. G.S.R. 1358(E), dated 01.11.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(40)"Personnel" in relation to any aircraft means the person in charge, the pilot, the navigator, the engineer, and all other members of the crew;
(41)"Petroleum in bulk" means petroleum contained in receptacle exceeding 900 litres in capacity;
(42)[ "Pilot-in command" in respect of a pilot,-- [Substituted by G.S.R. 383, dated 11.7.2001 (w.e.f. 21.7.2001).]
(i)engaged in commercial operations means the pilot designated by the operator as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight; and
(ii)engaged in general aviation or helicopter operations means the pilot designated by the operator or owner as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight;]
(43)"Private aircraft" means all aircraft other than aerial work aircraft or public transport aircraft;
(44)"Prohibited area" means an area over which the navigation of aircraft is prohibited under rule 12;
(45)"Public transport" means all carriage of persons or things effected by aircraft for a remuneration of any nature whatsoever, and all carriage of persons or things effected by aircraft without such remuneration if the carriage is effected by an air transport undertaking;
(46)"Public transport aircraft" means aircraft which effects public transport;
(47)"Rating" means an authorisation entered on a license and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such license;
(47A)[ "Registered Interest" means any interest registered with the International Registry established under the Cape Town Convention;] [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 1066(E), dated 25.10.2018 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).][***] [Omitted 'clauses (47B), (47C), (47D) and clause (47E)' by Notification No. G.S.R. 327(E), dated 13.5.2021 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(48)"Rendering a license valid" means the action taken as an alternative to assuming a license, in accepting a license issued by any other Contracting State as the equivalent of an Indian license;
(48A)[ "Restricted Type Certificate" means a document issued, validated or accepted by the Director-General signifying that the design of a type of aircraft or engine or propeller does not fully meet the applicable type design standards specified by the Director-General;] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 721(E), dated 23.6.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(48AA)[ "Safety" means the state in which the risks associated with aviation activities, related to, or in direct support of the operation of aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable level. [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 289(E), dated 08.04.2022 (w.e.f. 23.03.1937).]Explanation. - For the purposes of this clause, the expression "acceptable level" is the minimum degree of safety that must be assured by a system in actual practice;
(48B)"Safety Data" means a defined set of facts or set of safety values collected from various aviation related sources, which is used to maintain or improve safety;
(48C)"Safety Information" means safety data processed, organised or analysed in a given context so as to make it useful for safety management purposes;
(48D)"Safety Oversight" means a function performed by a State to ensure that individuals and organisations performing an aviation activity comply with safety related national laws and regulations.]
(49)[ "Scheduled air transport service" means an air transport service undertaken between the same two or more places and operated according to a published time table or with flights so regular or frequent that they constitute a recognisably systematic series, each flight being open to use by members of the public;] [Substituted by G.S.R. 117(E), dated 25.2.1994 (w.e.f. 1.3.1994).]
(50)"Seaplane" means an aeroplane capable normally of taking-off from and alighting solely on water;[* * *] [ Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)]Omitted by Notification No. G.S.R. 535 (E) dated 5.7.2012 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937)
(50-A) "Serious incident" means an incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.Note.-The difference between an accident and a serious incident lies only in the result.
(51)"Solo flight time" means flight time during which a pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft;
(51A)[ "specified or as specified or may be specified by the Director-General" means the directions issued by the Director-General under rule 133A and placed in public domain on the website of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation i.e. (http://dgca.nic.in);] [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 911 (E), dated 16.9.2016 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(51B)[ "Special Certificate of Airworthiness" means a document issued by the Director-General to an aircraft which has a restricted type certificate or complies with airworthiness specifications as specified by the Director-General for ensuring adequate safety; [Inserted by Notification No. G.S.R. 721(E), dated 23.6.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(51C)"Special Flight Permit" means a document issued by the Director-General to an aircraft which does not meet the conditions of airworthiness as defined in clause (1GA) but is in a condition for safe operation subject to limitations as may be specified therein;]
(52)"State aircraft" includes military aircraft and aircraft exclusively employed in the service of the Government such as posts, customs, police;[(52-A) "Student pilot-in-Command" means a trainee pilot, acting as Pilot-in-Command under observation of a flight instructor, who shall not manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft or influence the flight during flight time except when the safety of the aircraft is jeopardised. [Inserted by G.S.R. 165(E), dated 12.3.2009 (w.e.f. 12.3.2009).]Note. - In the event the instructor manipulates the flight controls during the flight, the flight shall be deemed to be a dual instructional flight.]
(53)"Subsequent aircraft" means an aircraft which is constructed in accordance with the design and specification of a type of aircraft, which has been approved or accepted by the Central Government for the issue of a certificate of airworthiness;
(54)"Take-off" includes all the successive positions of an aerodyne from the moment it moves from rest until the moment of starting normal flight;[(54-A) "Tariff" means any fare, rate or charge collected by an air transport undertaking for the carriage of passengers, baggage or cargo, including the commission payable to the agents, and the conditions governing such fair, rate or charge. [Inserted by G.S.R. 21(E), dated 9.1.2009 (w.e.f. 9.1.2009).]Explanation. - For the purposes of this clause, "cargo" does not include mail.][[(54-B)] [Inserted by G.S.R. 732(E), dated 2.11.2004 (w.e.f. 5.11.2004).] "Temporary aerodrome" means an aerodrome intended to be used for a period not exceeding six months;]
(55)"To land" is the action under normal conditions of making contact with the ground or a solid platform or water by an aircraft equipped for this purpose;
(56)"To pilot" means to manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time;
(57)"Type of aircraft" means all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics;[(57-A) "Type certificate" means a document issued, validated or accepted by the Director-General to signify that the design of a type of aircraft or engine or propeller, complies with the applicable type design standard specified by the Director-General;] [Substituted by Notification No. G.S.R. 721(E), dated 23.6.2017 (w.e.f. 23.3.1937).]
(58)"Type rating" means a rating for each type of aircraft;
(59)"Under control" an aircraft is said to be "under control" when it is able to manoeuvre as required by these rules;
(60)"Visible" as applied to lights means visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere.][* * *] [Sub-Rule (2-A) and (3) omitted by G.S.R. 80(E), dated 2.2.1993.]