State of Tamilnadu- Act
Tamil Nadu Cooperative Sugar Mills Managerial Common Cadre System Rules, 2018
TAMILNADU
India
India
Tamil Nadu Cooperative Sugar Mills Managerial Common Cadre System Rules, 2018
Rule TAMIL-NADU-COOPERATIVE-SUGAR-MILLS-MANAGERIAL-COMMON-CADRE-SYSTEM-RULES-2018 of 2018
- Published on 10 November 2018
- Commenced on 10 November 2018
- [This is the version of this document from 10 November 2018.]
- [Note: The original publication document is not available and this content could not be verified.]
1. Title and Commencement.
2. Definitions.
- In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,-3. Classification of Employees of Sugar Mills.
| Category-A : | Chief Officers consisting of chief Engineer,chief chemist, chief Accountant and chief Cane Officer. |
| Category-B : | Deputy Chief Officers consisting of Deputy chiefEngineer, Deputy chief chemist, Cane Development Officer andother Officers in the grade of Assistant Engineer, ManufacturingChemist, Cane Officer, Office Manager, Labour Welfare Officer andAccounts Officer. The existing Senior Managers and MedicalOfficers will also come under this category. |
| Category-C : | Junior Engineers, Electrical supervisors,Mechanical supervisors, Draftsman, Instrument Supervisors,Accountants, all staff in the rank of Superintendents, Labchemists, Manufacturing supervisors, etc. |
| Category-D : | Other Staff and Workers. |
4. Formation of Common Cadre Authority.
- common cadre Authority is a committee comprising of the following officials:5. Powers of Common Cadre Authority.
- The common cadre Authority shall have the following powers, namely :-6. Powers of the disciplinary authority.
- The Disciplinary Authority for common cadre Employees will have the following powers, namely:-7. Recruitment.
8. Cadre Strength.
- Cadre Strength for each category of Common Cadre Employees is fixed assuring 100% crushing capacity of the mills and shall be as follows, namely:-| Name of the post | Number of Posts | |
| (1) | (2) | |
| Category-A : | ||
| Chief Engineer | 1 per Mill | 15 (except Ambur, Amaravathi, and Tirupattur) |
| Chief chemist | 1 per Mill | 15 (except Ambur, Amaravathi, Tirupattur) |
| Chief Accountant | 1 per Mill | 15 (except Ambur, Amaravathi, Tirupattur) |
| Chief Cane Officer | 1 per Mill | 15 (except Ambur, Amaravathi, Tirupattur) |
| Category-B : | ||
| Deputy Chief Engineer | 1 per Mill | 18 |
| 1 per Mill | 18 | |
| Deputy Chief Chemist | 1 per distillery | 2 (Amaravathy, salem) |
| Total | 20 | |
| Assistant Engineer (Mechanical) | 4 per mill | 72(4 x 18) |
| 1 per distillery | 2 (Amaravathy, salem) | |
| Total | 74 | |
| Assistant Engineer (Electrical) | 1 per Mill | 18 (1x18) |
| Manufacturing Chemist | 5 per Mill | 90 (5x18) |
| 4 per distillery | 8 (4x2) | |
| 1 in sugar Research | 1 | |
| Institute | ||
| Total | 99 | |
| Cane Officer | 1 per 1600 acres of | 133 (Indicated in Annexure A) |
| cane area | ||
| Office Manager | 1 per Mill | 18 |
| Labour Welfare Officer | 1 per Mill | 18 |
| Accounts Officer | 1 per Mill | 18 |
9. Eligibility and Qualifications.
- I. Category A : Chief Officers.| Serial No. | Name of the Post | Qualifications | Experience | Remarks | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| 1. | Chief Engineer | (a) promotion : | |||
| B.E. Degree with Associateship of Deccan SugarInstitute/ Associateship of Vasantdada sugarInstitute/Associateship of National sugar Institute / M.Tech.(Sugar Engineering) and Boiler Operation Engineeringqualification. | 3 years experience as Deputy chief Engineer inco-operative sugar Mill. | ||||
| (or) | |||||
| Diploma in Engineering with sugar EngineeringCertificate Course and Boiler OperationEngineering qualification. | |||||
| (b) Direct Recruitment : | |||||
| B.E. Degree with Associateship of Deccan SugarInstitute/ Associateship of Vasantdada sugarInstitute/Associateship of National sugar Institute / M.Tech.(Sugar Engineering) and Boiler Operation Engineeringqualification. | 12 years experience in any Sugar Mill includingminimum of 3 years work experience in the cadre not below therank of Deputy Chief Engineer or its equivalent. | ||||
| 2. | Chief Chemist | (a) promotion | |||
| B.Tech. / B.E (Chemical Engineering) withAssociateship of Vasantdada sugar Institute/ Associateship ofNational sugar Institute /PG Diploma in sugar Technology(Annauniversity) | 3 years experience as Deputy Chief Chemist inCo-operative Sugar Mills. | ||||
| (or) | |||||
| B.Sc.,(Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Associateship of Vasantdada sugar Institute/Associateship of National sugar Institute /PG Diploma in sugarTechnology (Anna university) | |||||
| (b) Direct Recruitment : | |||||
| B.Tech. / B.E (Chemical Engineering) withAssociateship of Vasantdada sugar Institute/ Associateship ofNational sugar Institute /PG Diploma in sugar Technology (Annauniversity) | 12 years experience in any Sugar Mill includingminimum of 3 years work experience in the cadre not below therank of Deputy Chief Chemist or its equivalent | ||||
| (or) | |||||
| B.Sc.,(Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Associateship of Vasantdada sugarInstitute/Associateship of National sugar Institute / PG Diplomain sugar Technology (Anna university) | |||||
| 3. | Chief Cane Officer | (a) Promotion | 3 years experience as Cane Development Officerin any Co-operative Sugar Mills. | ||
| M.Sc., (Agri.) | |||||
| (b) DirectRecruitment | |||||
| M.Sc.,(Agri.) | 12 years experience in any Sugar Mill includingminimum of 3 years work experience in the cadre not below therank of Cane Development Officer or its equivalent. | ||||
| 4. | Chief Accountant | Chartered Accountant/ Cost and Works Accountant | 12 years experiencein working in any manufacturing concern. | These posts shallalso be filled up by promotion from among the existing employeesprovided they possess necessary qualifications. |
| Serial No. | Name of the Post | Qualifications | Experience | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
| 1. | Deputy Chief Engineer | B.E., with Associateship of Vasantdada SugarInstitute/Associateship of National Sugar Institute / M.Tech.(Sugar). | Work experience of 8 years as Assistant Engineer(Mechanical) / Assistant Engineer (Electrical) in Co-operativeSugar Mills. | ||
| (or) | |||||
| Diploma in Engineering with Sugar EngineeringCertificate Course and Boiler Operation Engineering | Work experience of 8 years as Assistant Engineer(Mechanical) / Assistant Engineer (Electrical) in Co-operativeSugar Mills. | ||||
| Ratio of Promotion from Assistant Engineer(Mechanical) and Assistant Engineer (Electrical) to Deputy ChiefEngineer shall be in the ratio of 4:1. | |||||
| 2. | Deputy Chief Chemist (Sugar) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering)/ B.Tech (ChemicalEngineering) with Associateship of National Sugar Institute(Sugar Technology) / Associateship of Vasantdada Sugar Institute(Sugar Technology) | Work experience of 8 years as ManufacturingChemist (Sugar) in Co-operative Sugar Mill | ||
| (or) | |||||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Associateship of National Sugar Institute (SugarTechnology) / Associateship of Vasantdada Sugar Institute (SugarTechnology) | |||||
| 3. | Deputy Chief Chemist (Distillery) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering)/ B.Tech (ChemicalEngineering) with Diploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technologyfrom National Sugar Institute / Vasantdada Sugar Institute | Work experience of 8 years as ManufacturingChemist (Distilery) in Co-operative Sugar Mills. | ||
| (or) | |||||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Diploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technology fromNational Sugar Institute / Vasantdada Sugar Institute | |||||
| 4. | Cane Development Officer | B. Sc., (Agri.). | 8 years Work experience as Cane Officer inCo-operative Sugar Mills. |
1. Assistant Engineer :
| Serial No. | Post | Qualifications | Posting Of Boiler Operation Engineer Exam | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
| 1. | Assistant Engineer (Mechanical) | B.E (Mechanical) / B.Tech (Mechanical) withAssociateship of National Sugar Institute / Associateship ofVasantdada Sugar Institute or M.Tech. (Sugar Engineering) | Within 5 years of joining the mill, he shouldpass the Boiler Operation Engineer exam at his own cost. | ||
| 2. | Assistant Engineer (Electrical) | B.E. (Electrical) / B.E. (Electrical &Instrumentation) with Associateship of National Sugar Institute /Associateship of Vasantdada Sugar Institute | Within 5 years of joining the mill, he shouldpass the Boiler Operation Engineer exam at his own cost. |
2. Manufacturing Chemist. :
| Serial No. | Name of the Post | Qualifications |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
| (i) | Manufacturing chemist (sugar) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering)/ B.Tech. (ChemicalEngineering) with Associateship of National sugar Institute(sugar Technology) / Associateship of Vasantdada sugar Institute(sugar Technology) |
| (or) | ||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Associateship of National sugar Institute (sugarTechnology) / Associateship of Vasantdada sugar Institute (sugarTechnology) | ||
| (ii) | Manufacturing chemist (Distillery) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering)/ B.Tech. (ChemicalEngineering) with Diploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technologyfrom National sugar Institute / Vasantdada sugar Institute |
| (or) | ||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent degree withDiploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technology from Nationalsugar Institute / Vasantdada sugar Institute |
3. Cane Officer.
Qualification: - B.Sc., (Agri.) from any recognised University4. Labour Welfare Officer.
Qualification: - As prescribed in under Rules 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c) of the Tamil Nadu Factories (Welfare Officers) Rules, 1953.5. Accounts Officer.
Qualification: - Company Secretary / Chartered Accountants / Cost and Works Accountant / MBA(Finance) / M.Com.All officers directly recruited to Category B under Direct Recruitment will be placed under probation for a period of 2 years within a continuous period of 3 years.1. Assistant Engineer :
| Serial No. | Name of the post | Qualifications | Experience | Remarks |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 1. | Assistant Engineer (Mechanical) | Junior Engineer (Mechanical) / Draughtsman with Diploma inMechanical Engineering and Sugar Engineering Certificate Courseand Boiler Operation Engineer | 6 years experience | Existing Junior Engineer (Electrical) / Electrical Supervisor/ Instrument supervisor who already possess Diploma with SugarEngineering Certificate Course and Boiler Operation Engineer willbe considered for Assistant Engineer (Mechanical). Howeverthereafter the promotion as Assistant Engineer (Mechanical) willbe restricted to Junior Engineer (Mechanical) / Draughtsman. |
| Junior Engineer (Mechanical) / Draughtsman with Diploma inMechanical Engineering and Sugar Engineering Certificate Courseand Boiler O peration Engineer | 3 years experience | |||
| 2. | Assistant Engineer (Electrical) | Junior Engineer (Electrical) / Electrical Supervisor /Instrument Supervisor with Diploma in Electrical Engineering orDiploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering with validSupervisory Competency Certificate (C- License) | 6 years experience as Electrical Supervisor / Junior Engineer(Electrical) | -- |
| (or) | ||||
| B.E., (Electrical) / B.E. (Electrical & Instrumentation)/B.E. (Instrumentation Engineering) / B.E., (Electrical andElectronics Engineering) with valid Supervisory CompetencyCertificate (C- License) | 3 years experience as Electrical Supervisor / Junior Engineer(Electrical) | ---- | ||
| 3. | Assistant Engineer (Civil) | Junior engineer (Civil) having Diploma in Civil Engineer | 12 years experience in running sugar mills. | This is suggested only for giving promotion to existing JuniorEngineer (Civil), as the posts will be abolished once theexisting 6 Junior Engineer (Civil) retires. |
| Junior engineer (Civil) having B.E., (Civil) | 9 years experience in running sugar mills |
2. Manufacturing Chemist :
| Serial No. | Name of the Post | Qualifications | Experience | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| (i) | Manufacturing Chemist (Sugar) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering) / B.Tech. (ChemicalEngineering) with Associateship of National Sugar Institute(Sugar Technology) / Associateship of Vasantdada Sugar Institute(Sugar Technology) | 3 years experience as Lab Chemist inCo-operative / Sugar Mill / Distillery. | |
| (or) | ||||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Associateship of National Sugar Institute (SugarTechnology) / Associateship of Vasantdada Sugar Institute (SugarTechnology) | ||||
| (ii) | Manufacturing Chemist (Distillery) | B.E. (Chemical Engineering)/ B.Tech. (ChemicalEngineering) with Diploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technologyfrom National Sugar Institute / Vasantdada Sugar Institute | 3 years experience as Lab Chemist inCo-operative Sugar Mill / Distillery. | |
| (or) | ||||
| B.Sc., (Chemistry) or any equivalent bachelordegree with Diploma in Fermentation and Alcohol Technology fromNational Sugar Institute / Vasantdada Sugar Institute |
3. Cane Officer :
| Qualification | Experience |
| B.Sc. (Agri) | 3 years experience as cane Assistants / cane DevelopmentAssistants in co-operative sugar Mills. |
4. Accounts Officer :
| Qualification | Experience |
| B.Com | 3 years experience as Accountant in co-operative sugar Mills |
5. Office Manager :
| Qualification | Experience |
| Any degree | 3 years experience as superintendent in co-operative sugarMills. |
6. Labour Welfare Officer :
| Serial No. | Name of the Post | Qualifications |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
| 1. | Labour Welfare Office. | Qualified Employees in Co-operative Sugar Millswill be Welfare Officer. In case qualified employees are notavailable, the said post will be filled up by Direct Recruitment. |
| As Per Qualification Prescribed In The TamilNadu Factories (Welfare Officers) Rules, 1953 | ||
| Qualification: The individual should possess thefollowing qualifications, namely:- | ||
| 1. A degree of Master of Labour Management orBachelor of Labour Management or B.A. (Labour Management) or M.A.(Labour Management) awarded by the Tamil Nadu Institute of Labourstudies, chennai or by any University; | ||
| (or) | ||
| 2. Any Post Graduate degree in Social Work orSocial Welfare or Social Dynamics with Industrial Management orPersonnel Management and Industrial Relations or Allied Sociologyor Labour and Social Welfare or Sociology or Social Service orSocial science or sociology and Economics or social Technique orIndustrial Relations and Labour Welfare or Commerce (PersonnelManagement and Industrial Relations) or M.B.A. (Master ofBusiness Administration) awarded by any of the Institutionsrecognized by the Government of Tami Nadu specified in theAnnexure or the Institutions recognized by the University Grantscommission for the purpose of its grant; or | ||
| (a) A degree in Bachelor of Law; | ||
| awarded by any University recognized by theUniversity Grants Commission for the purpose of its grants; or | ||
| (b) (1) A Degree awarded by any University otherthan the degree or Post graduate degree specified in clauses a(i), (ii) and (iii) above; and | ||
| (2) A diploma in Labour Administration or LabourLaws and Administrative Laws or Personnel Management, IndustrialRelations and Labour Welfare or Social Work or Social Science orPersonnel Management and Labour Relations or Social Welfare withLabour Laws on Industrial Relations or Labour Laws or socialservice Administration or Labour Welfare or Social Work or LabourTraining Course or Social Sciences or Industrial Psychology andIndustrial Relations or Labour Welfare and Personnel Managementor Industrial Sociology, Labour Welfare and Personnel Managementor Social Welfare or social science or social Technique orPersonnel Management and Industrial Relations or Human ResourceDevelopment in Industry or Business Administration as a mainsubject of any University or Institutions recognized by theGovernment of Tamil Nadu as specified in the Annexure or theinstitutions recognized by the University Grants commission forthe purpose of its grant; |
10. Crucial Date for Promotion.
- First of April every year shall be the crucial date for the preparation of empanelment of common cadre Employees for promotion in their respective category and it will be valid for one year from the date of order of panel.11. Salary, Allowance and Service Benefits.
- The pay and allowances will be decided by the Government based on the recommendations of the committee constituted by the cadre authority. Allowances will also be regulated as per the instructions issued by the Government from time to time.12. Provident Fund.
- Every Common Cadre Employee shall contribute towards contributory provident fund @ 12% of the pay and Dearness allowance and the mills in which the employee is working shall also make matching contribution to the fund at the same rate. Every common cadre Employee should also make additional contribution to the provident fund as per the instructions of the Regional Provident Fund commissioner from time to time. Provident Fund Account shall be maintained in the Mill concerned.13. Gratuity.
- The Gratuity will be paid as per the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (central Act 39 of 1972). In order to facilitate the timely disbursement of the gratuity, Tamil Nadu co-operative sugar Federation shall maintain a corpus for common cadre Employees and proportionate contribution from the mills will be pooled into the corpus.14. Increments.
15. Record of Service.
- The sugar mills concerned shall maintain the service documents in respect of the common cadre Employee in the format apart from others as prescribed by the commissioner of sugar including the following:16. seniority.
- seniority of the common cadre Employee shall be determined with reference to the date of entry into the Managerial Common Cadre System and will be the criterion for fixing inter-se seniority. In case of two employees having the same date of joining in the Managerial Common Cadre System, the date on which the educational qualifications were acquired by the employee shall be considered. In case of two employees having the same date of joining in the Managerial Common Cadre System and same date of acquiring educational qualification, the age of the employees will be considered. The common cadre seniority list will be approved and published by the cadre Authority on the basis of the above criteria.17. Leave.
- (i) common cadre Employee shall be eligible only for the following kinds of leave, namely:-18. Termination of Service.
- No member of the cadre shall be entitled to notice or any salary and allowance in lieu thereof, if he is removed from service on account of misconduct, dishonesty or moral turpitude. Notice of termination shall be issued by the disciplinary Authority.Explanation. - Termination of service means removal/dismissal from service of a common cadre Employee.19. Retirement.
- Every employee appointed in the service shall retire on attaining the age of 58 years with effect from the afternoon of the last day of the month in which he/she attains the age of 58 years.20. Appointment of Legal Heirs In Case of Death While in Service.
- The sugar Mills may provide for appointment to the legal heirs of the common cadre Employee who dies in harness on compassionate grounds in indigent circumstances subject to the provisions of the Rules and special bye-laws relating to the service conditions of the employees of the respective Sugar Mills. The benefit of giving employment will be subject to aspirants fulfilling the norms regarding educational and other qualifications. Whenever an appointment is made on compassionate grounds, the cadre authority shall ensure that the appointment is made by the sugar Mills in which the employee had last worked.21. Posting and Transfer.
- The transfer of the common cadre Employee may be made by the common cadre Authority suo motu or at the request of the Managing Director of the sugar mills concerned.22. Joining Time and Transfer Travelling Allowance.
- A common cadre Employee on transfer will be allowed joining time of three days. The salary for the joining period, transfer travelling allowance and daily allowance shall be borne by sugar Mill to which the common cadre Employee last worked.23. Performance Evaluation Report.
- Every common cadre Employee shall furnish a set of reports every year ending 31st March indicating the performance levels fixed for him, achievements, outstanding contributions for developments and strengthening of the system, awards if received, punishments if any imposed etc., in the preceding year, within a month from the completion of each year. Such self-appraisal reports shall be scrutinized and countersigned by the Managing Director of the sugar mills concerned in his capacity as Disciplinary Authority.24. Resignation.
- A member of the common cadre service may resign by giving a notice of not less than three months, in writing to the cadre authority. If less than 3 months' notice is given, the common cadre Employee will have to remit the salary and allowances for the actual number of days of shortfall in notice. Resignation shall take effect from the date of acceptance by the cadre authority. If any records, books or properties of the sugar Mills are found to have been held by him, he shall be liable to account for the same in spite of acceptance of his resignation for a period of seven years.25. Conduct and Discipline.
26. Annual Property Statement.
27. Disciplinary Proceedings.
- The disciplinary proceedings against a common cadre Employee shall be conducted with due observance of the principles of natural justice for which it shall be necessary that,-28. Penalties.
29. Appeal.
- The power to hear appeals preferred by a common cadre Employee against orders of such punishment shall lie with the commissioner / Director of sugar.30. Requirements of Appeal.
31. Suits and Criminal Cases.
32. Miscellaneous.
- If dispute or doubt about the interpretation or application of any of the provisions of these rules arises, the matter shall be referred by the common cadre authority to the Government whose decision shall be final and binding.Save as otherwise provided in these rules, all order concerning service matters shall be issued under the signature and seal of common cadre authority or by persons specifically authorised by the committee.Annexure - ICane Officers Sanctioned Strength| Serial No. | Name of the Mills | Number of Officer. |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
| 1 | Ambur | 5 |
| 2 | salem | 8 |
| 3 | Kallakurichi-I | 8 |
| 4 | Dharmapuri | 6 |
| 5 | Vellore | 8 |
| 6 | Tirupattur | 4 |
| 7 | chengalrayan | 9 |
| 8 | Tiruttani | 8 |
| 9 | N.PK.R.R. | 8 |
| 10 | M.R.K. | 8 |
| 11 | cheyyar | 8 |
| 12 | subramaniya siva | 8 |
| 13 | Kallakurichi-II | 8 |
| 14 | Amaravathy | 4 |
| 15 | National | 8 |
| 16 | Madurantakam | 8 |
| 17 | Arignar Anna | 8 |
| 18 | Perambalur | 9 |
| Total | 133 |
| Serial No. | Description of Property | Precise location (Name of District, Taluk andVillage in Which situated and also its distinctive number etc.) | Area of land (in case of land and building) | Nature of land (in case land property) | Extent of interest | If not in own name of of the State in whosename held and his / her relationship if any to the common cadreofficers. |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
| Date of acquisition, how acquired (whether bypurchase, mortgage lease, inheritance gift or otherwise and namewith details of persons / person from whom acquired) | Address and connection of the common cadreofficers if any with the persons concerned (Please see Note-Ibelow) | Value of the property | Source Details of of income | payment | Particulars of sanction of prescribedauthority if any | Total annual income from the property | Remarks |
| (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) |
| Serial No. | Description | Name and address of company, Bank etc. | Amount (in Rupees) | If not in own name and address of person inwhose name held and his / her relationship with the common cadreofficers. | Source of income | Details of income | Annual income derived | Remarks |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
| Serial No. | Description of items | Price of value at the time of acquisition and/ or the total payments made up to the date of return as the casemay be in the case of articles purchases on hire purchase orinstallment basis. | If not in own name and address of person inwhose name and his / her relationship with the common cadreofficers. | Source of income | Details of Payments | How acquired with approximate date ofacquisition. | Remarks |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| Serial No. | Policy Number and date of policy | Name of insurance company | Sum insured and date of maturity | Amount annual premium | Source of income | Details of payments |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
| 1. | ||||||
| 2. |
| Type of Provident Fund / General ProvidentFund/ CPF/Account No. | Closing balance as last reported by the Audit/ Accounts Officer along with date of such balance | Contributions made subsequently Subscriptionand refund. | Total | Remarks (If there is dispute regarding closingbalance the figures according to the common cadre officers shouldalso be mentioned in the Column. |
| (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) |
| Serial No. | Amount (Rs.) | Name and address of Creditor | Date of incurring liability | Details of transaction | Source of Income | Details of payment | Remarks |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |