Chota Nagpur Division - Act
Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908
CHOTA NAGPUR DIVISION
India
India
Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908
Act 6 of 1908
- Published on 11 November 1908
- Not commenced
- [This is the version of this document from 11 November 1908.]
- [Note: The original publication document is not available and this content could not be verified.]
Chapter I
Preliminary1. Short title and extent. - (1) This Act may be called the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908.
[(2) It extends to [the North Chotanagpur, the South Chotanagpur and Palamau Divisions] including the areas or parts of the areas which have been constituted into a Municipality or a Notified Area Committee under the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2002 (Bihar and Orissa Act 7 of 1922) or which are within a cantonment.]2. Repeal. - (1) The Acts and notifications specified in Schedule A are hereby repealed in the Chota Nagpur Division. [* * *]
[(2) The Acts specified in Schedule B are hereby repealed in the [district of Dhanbad and Patamda, Ichagarh and Chandil police stations in the district of Singhbhum.]3. Definitions - In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,
Chapter II
Classes of Tenants4. Classes of tenants - There shall be, for the purposes of this Act, the following classes of tenants, namely :-
5. Meaning of a "tenure-holder" - "Tenure-holder" means primarily a person, who has acquired from the proprietor, or from another tenure-holder, a right to hold land for the purpose of collecting rents or bringing under cultivation by establishing tenants on it, and includes,-
6. Meaning of "Raiyat" - (1) "Raiyat" means primarily a person who has acquired a right to hold land tor the purpose of cultivating it by himself or by members of his family, or by hired servants or with the aid of partners; and includes the successor-in-interest of persons who have acquired such a right, but does not include a Mundari-khunt-kattidar.
Explanation. - Where a tenant of land has the right to bring it under cultivation, he shall be deemed to have acquired a right to hold it for the purpose of cultivation, notwithstanding that he uses it for the purpose of gathering the produce of it or of grazing cattle on it.7. Meaning of "Raiyat having khunt-katti rights". - (1) "Raiyat having khunt-katti rights" means a Raiyat in occupation of, or having any subsisting title to land reclaimed from jungle by the original founders of the village or their descendants in the male line, when such Raiyat is a member of family which founded the village or a descendant in the male line of any member of such family :
Provided that no Raiyat shall be deemed to have khunt-katti rights in any land unless he and all his predecessors-in-title have held such land or obtained a title thereby virtue of inheritance from the original founders of the village.8. Meaning of - "Mundari-khunt-kattidari" - Mundari-khunt-kattidar means a Mundari, who has acquired a right to hold jungle land for the purpose of bringing suitable portions thereof under cultivation by himself or by male members of his family, and includes,-
Chapter III
Tenure-Holders9. Tenure-holder when not liable to enhancement of rent - No tenure-holder who holds his tenure (otherwise than under a terminable lease) at a fixed rent which has not been changed from the time of the Permanent Settlement shall be liable to any enhancement of such rent, anything in the Bengal Decennial Settlement Regulation, 1793 (VIII of 1793) Section 51 or in any other law, to the contrary notwithstanding.
[9A. Enhancement of rent of tenure-holder or village headman. - (1) Where the rent of a tenure-holder or village headman is liable to enhancement during the continuance of his tenancy, such enhancement shall be made only by an order of the Deputy Commissioner passed upon an application made to him, or by an order of Revenue Officer passed under Chapter XII or Chapter XV.10. Certain bhuinhars not liable to enhancement of rent - No bhuinhar whose lands are entered in any register prepared and confirmed under the Chota Nagpur Tenures Act, 1869 (Ben. Act 2 of 1869) shall be liable to any enhancement of the rent of his tenure.
11. Registration of certain transfers of tenures - (1) When any tenure or portion thereof is transferred by succession, inheritance, sale, gift or exchange, the transferee or his successor in title shall cause the transfer to be registered in the office of the landlord to whom the rent of the tenure or portion is payable.
12. Procedure on refusal of landlord to allow registration of transfer of tenure. - If any landlord refuses to allow the registration of any such transfer as is mentioned in Section 11, the transferee or his successor-in-title may make application to the Deputy Commissioner and the Deputy Commissioner shall thereupon, after issuing notice to be served on the landlord, make such inquiry as Tie considers necessary; and if, no sufficient grounds are shown for the refusal, shall pass an order declaring that the transfer shall be deemed to be registered.
[13. Division of Tenure and distribution of rent. - (1) A division of any tenure or portion thereof or a distribution of the rent payable in respect of any tenure or portion thereof shall be binding on the landlord if the transferor sends to the landlord by registered post a notice of such division or distribution containing the prescribed particulars:Provided that the landlord may, if he objects to the said division or distribution of the rent, make an application to the Deputy Commissioner for fair division or distribution of rent within the prescribed period from the date of the service of notice.14. Annulment of encumbrances on resumption of resumable tenure - (1) Upon the resumption of a resumable tenure, every lien, sub-tenancy, easement or other right or interest created, without the consent or permission of the grantor or his successor-in-interest by the grantee or any of his successors, on the tenure, or in limitation of his own interest therein, shall be deemed to be annulled, except the following, namely:-
(a)any lease of land whereupon a dwelling house, manufactory or other permanent building, has been erected or a permanent garden, plantation, tank, canal, [bandh, ahar other work of irrigation] place of worship, or burning or burying ground has been made, or wherein a mine has been sunk under lawful authority;[(aa) any right of [the Government] in any land within a cantonment;](b)any right of a Raiyat or cultivator in his holding or land, as conferred by this Act or by any local custom or usage;(c)any right to hold land occupied by sacred grove;(d)any Mundari khunt-kattidaritenancy;[(dd) any Bhuinhari tenure, as defined in the Chota Nagpur Tenure Act, 1869 (Bengal Act 2 of 1869)]; [* * *](e)any right of a [village-headman] in his office or land; [and][(f) any easement of necessity],15. Saving of rights of landlord - The mere registration of a transfer under Section 11, or the mere receipt of a registration fee thereunder, or the passing of an order by the Deputy Commissioner under Section 12, shall not be deemed to imply a consent to, or permission to make, the transfer, within the meaning of Section 14; and the landlord shall not be bound by the terms or conditions of any such transfer.
Chapter IV
Occupancy-raiyatGeneral16. Continuance of existing occupancy rights - [(1) Every 'Raiyat', who immediately before the commencement of this Act, has by the operation of any enactment or by local custom or usage or otherwise, a right of occupancy in any land, shall when this Act comes into force, have right of occupancy in that land, notwithstanding the fact that he may not have cultivated or held the land for a period of twelve years.]
[(2)] The exclusion from the operation of this Act by a notification under subsection (2) of Section 1 of any area or part of an area, which is constituted a Municipality under the provisions of [the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2002 (B&O Act 7 of 1922) or which is within cantonment, shall not affect any right, obligation or liability previously acquired, incurred or accrued in reference to such area.]17. Definition of 'settled Raiyat'. - (1) Every person who, for a period of twelve years, whether wholly or partly before or after the commencement of this Act, has continuously held as a 'Raiyat' land situate in any village, whether under a lease or otherwise, shall be deemed to have become on the expiration of that period a settled 'Raiyat' of that village.
18. Bhuinhars and Mundari khunt-kattidars to be settled Raiyats in certain cases - The following classes of persons shall be deemed to be settled 'Raiyats' for the purposes of this Act, in regard to the land in their villages which they cultivate as 'Raiyats' (other than their own 'bhuinhari' or 'Mundari khunti-kattidari' land, and other than landlords privileged lands as defined in Section 18 and the provisions of sub-sections (3) to (6) of Section 17 shall apply to such persons as if they were 'Raiyats', namely :-
19. Settled Raiyats to have occupancy-rights - Every person who is a settled Raiyat of a village within the meaning of Section 17 or Section 18 shall [subject to the provisions of Section 43] have a right of occupancy in all [* * *] for the time being held by him as a Raiyat in that village.
[20. Effect of acquisition of occupancy-rights by landlord. - (1) When the immediate landlord of an occupancy holding is a proprietor or a permanent tenure-holder and the entire interests of the landlords and the Raiyat in the holding become united in the same person by transfer, succession, or otherwise, such a person, shall hold the land as a proprietor or permanent tenure-holder, as the case may be, and shall not hold it by any subordinate right whatsoever; but nothing in this subsection shall prejudicially affect the rights of any third person.21. Rights of occupancy-Raiyat in respect of use of land. - [(1)] When a Raiyat has a right of occupancy in respect of any land, he may use the land,-
(a)in any manner which is authorised by local custom or usage, or(b)irrespective of any local custom or usage, in any manner which does not materially impair the value of the land or render it unfit for the purposes of the tenancy.[(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any entries in the record-of-rights or any local custom or usage to the contrary, the following shall not be deemed to impair the value of the land materially or to render it unfit for purposes of the tenancy, namely,-(a)the manufacture of bricks and tiles for the domestic or agricultural purposes of the Raiyat and his family;(b)the excavation of tanks or the digging of wells or the construction of bandhs and ahars intended to provide a supply of water for drinking, domestic, agricultural or piscicultural purposes of the Raiyat and his family; and(c)the erection of buildings for the domestic or agricultural purposes or for the purposes of trade or cottage industries of the Raiyat and his family.22. Protection of occupancy-Raiyat from eviction except on specified grounds. - An occupancy-Raiyat shall not be ejected by his landlord from his holding, except in execution of a decree for ejectment passed on the ground,-
23. Devolution of occupancy right on death - If a Raiyat dies intestate in respect of a right of occupancy, it shall, subject to any local custom to the contrary, descend in the same manner as other immovable property :
Provided that in any case in which, under the law of inheritance to which the Raiyat is subject, his other property goes to the [Government], his right of occupancy shall be extinguished.[23A. Registration of certain transfers of occupancy holdings. - (1) When an occupancy-holding or any portion thereof is transferred [by sale, gift, will or exchange in accordance with the provisions of this Act], the transferee or his successor in title may cause the transfer to be registered in the office of the landlord to whom the rent of the holding or portion thereof as the case may be, is payable.[(2) The landlord shall allow the registration of all such transfers and shall not be entitled, except in the case of a transfer by sale or gift, to levy any registration fee. In the case of a transfer by sale or gift, the landlord shall be entitled to levy a registration fee of the following amount, namely:-](i)when rent is payable in respect of the holding or portion, a fee of [five percentum] on the annual rent thereof:[Provided that, such fee shall not be less than rupees two and fifty paise or more than rupees two hundred and fifty; and](ii)when rent is not payable in respect of the holding or portion, a fee of [rupees two and fifty paise.][(3) A registering officer shall not register-any instrument purporting or operating to transfer an occupancy holding or portion of an occupancy holding by sale or gift unless there is paid to him in addition to any fee payable under the Act for the time being in force for the registration of documents, a process fee of the prescribed amount and the registration fee payable under sub-section-(2), together with the costs necessary for the transmission of the registration fee to the landlord:Provided that a gift to the husband or wife of the donor or to a son adopted under the Hindu Law or to a relation by consanguinity within three degrees of such donor shall not require any registration fee to be paid to the landlord as provided in sub-section (2).]24. Obligation of occupancy-Raiyat to pay rent - An occupancy-Raiyat shall pay rent for his holding at a fair and equitable rate.
[24A. Division of holding by partition and distribution of rent thereof. - (1) When an occupancy holding has been the subject of partition by an order of a Court otherwise,-(a)the division of the said holding made in accordance with such partition shall be binding on the landlord;(b)if notice in writing of the partition and the distribution of the rent has been served on the landlord in the prescribed form and in the prescribed manner, such distribution of the rent shall be binding on the landlord :Provided that the landlord may, if he objects to such distribution by an order of a Court or otherwise, if the parties to the distribution of the rent of the holding.25. Presumption that rent of occupancy-Raiyat is fair and equitable. - The rent for the time being payable by an occupancy-Raiyat shall be presumed to be fair and equitable until the contrary is proved.
26. Confirmation of rents enhanced prior to commencement of this Act. - When the rent of an occupancy-Raiyat whose rent is liable to enhancement has been enhanced before the commencement of this Act otherwise than under Section 24 of the [Chota Nagpur Landlord] and Tenant Procedure Act [1879] (Ben. Act I of 1879), such enhanced rent shall be deemed to be lawfully payable,-
27. Methods in which rent of occupancy-Raiyat may be enhanced. - (1) From and after the commencement of this Act,-
(a)in any area for which record-of-rights has not been prepared and finally published under this Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, or for which an order has not been issued under this Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act for the preparation of such a record, the money-rent of an occupancy-Raiyat whose rent is liable to enhancement may be enhanced only by order of the Deputy Commissioner passed under Section 29, and(b)in any area for which a record-of-rights has been prepared and finally published as aforesaid, or for which an order has been issued as aforesaid for the preparation of such a record of the money-rent of an occupancy-Raiyat whose rent is liable to enhancement may be enhanced only;(i)in cases referred to in Section 62, Section 94 or Section 99, by order of the Deputy Commissioner passed under Section 29, and(ii)in other cases, by order of a Revenue Officer passed under Chapter XII.28. Contents of application to Deputy Commissioner for enhancement - (1) Every application to the Deputy Commissioner for the enhancement of the rent of an occupancy holding shall specify,-
(a)such particulars as may be prescribed regarding the area, situation, local names, quality and boundaries of the parcels of land constituting the holding;(b)the rates of rent (if any) payable by Raiyat for the different classes of land constituting the holding and the yearly rent payable for the holding at the date of the application;(c)the rates (if any) generally prevailing in the village for corresponding classes of land;(d)the date (as nearly as it can be ascertained) when the rates of rent generally prevailing were last adjusted in the village;(e)the rates which the applicant desires to claim; and(f)the grounds on which the applicant considers that he is entitled to the enhancement claimed.29. Procedure on receipt of such application - (1) When any such application has been received, the Deputy Commissioner,-
(a)shall forthwith give notice of the contents thereof to the Raiyat, and(b)may if he thinks fit, order a measurement of the land, and(c)may, upon consideration of all the circumstances set forth in the application, and after hearing any objection advanced by the Raiyat by order, fix such enhanced rent, or otherwise vary the rent for the said land, as to him may seem fair and reasonable :Provided that no enhancement shall be ordered except on one or more of the following grounds, namely:-(i)that the rate of rent paid by the Raiyat is below the prevailing rate paid by occupancy-Raiyats for land of similar quality and with similar advantages [in the same village or in the neighbouring villages, and that there is no sufficient, reason for his holding at so low a rate;](ii)that there has been a rise in the average local prices of staple food-crops during the currency of the present rent;(iii)that the productive powers of the land held by the Raiyat have been increased by an improvement effected during the currency of the present rent, otherwise than by the agency or at the expense of the Raiyat:Provided also that no enhancement shall be ordered which is, under the circumstances of the case, unfair or inequitable :Provided further that all enhancement shall be limited in the prescribed manner (if any).30. Power to direct gradual enhancement - Where the Deputy Commissioner considers that the immediate enforcement of the full enhancement ordered under Section 29 is likely to be attended with hardship, he may direct that the enhancement shall be gradual; that is to say, that the rent shall increase yearly by degrees, for any number of years not exceeding five, until the limit of the full enhancement has been reached.
Increase of Rent in Respect of Excess Area31. Application for increase of rent in respect of land held in excess of the area for which rent was previously paid - (1) Where the land is held by an occupancy-Raiyat in excess of the area for which rent has previously been paid by him, no increase shall be made to the rent payable by him except by order of a Revenue Officer passed under Chapter XII or by order of the Deputy Commissioner passed on an application made to him by the landlord.
32. Procedure on receipt of such application - (1) When any such application has been received, the Deputy Commissioner,-
(a)shall forthwith give notice of the contents thereof to the Raiyat, and(b)shall refer to the entry (if any) relating to the tenancy in the record-of-rights prepared under this Act or any other law for the time being in force; and(c)may, if he thinks fit, order a measurement of the land held by the Raiyat, and(d)may, upon consideration of all the circumstances set forth in the application, and after hearing any objection advanced by the Raiyat and making such further inquiry as the Deputy Commissioner may think necessary, order such an increase, whether progressive or otherwise, as he may consider to be fair and reasonable:Provided that if the landlord proves that at the time when the measurement on which the claim is based was made, there existed in the estate or tenure or part hereof in which the holding is situate a practice or measuring land before setting rents, the Deputy Commissioner may presume that the area of the holding as entered in any lease or counterpart engagement or (where there is any entry of area in a counterfoil receipt corresponding to the entry of the rent-roll) in the rent-roll relating to the holding was so entered after measurement:Provided also that an increase of rent shall not be ordered where it would contravene any local custom or usage prohibiting an increase of rent in respect of the increase in area of a holding.33. Savings - Nothing in Sections 31 and 32 shall prohibit a landlord from realising,-
34. Application to Deputy Commissioner for reduction of rent - (1) Any occupancy-Raiyat wishing to claim a reduction of the rent previously paid by him may present an application to the Deputy Commissioner to assess the rent on the land in respect of which such reduction is sought and (if necessary) to measure the land:
[Provided that no application for a reduction of rent under clause (a) or clause (b) of Section 33-A shall be entertained unless it is filed within a period of two years from the date on which Section 5 of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1938 (Bihar Act 2 of 1938) comes into force],35. Procedure on receipt of such application - (1) When any such application has been received, the Deputy Commissioner,-
(a)shall forthwith give notice of the contents thereof to the landlord; and(b)may, if he thinks fit, order a measurement of land; and(c)may, upon consideration of all the circumstances set forth in the application, and after hearing any objection advanced by landlord by order [fix a reduced rent for the holding] as to him may seem fair and reasonable:[Provided that-(i)if a reduction is claimed under clause (a) of Section 33-A, the entire enhancement shall be cancelled;(ii)if a reduction is claimed under clause (b) of Section 33-A, the reduced rent shall bear to the previous rent the same proportion as the current prices bear to the average prices during the decennial period immediately preceding the time when the rent was commuted;(iii)if a reduction is claimed under clause (c) of Section 33-A, the Deputy Commissioner may order partial or entire remission of the rent and shall fix a period during which the reduced rent shall be paid or during which the entire rent shall be remitted, and may at any time, before the expiration of the said period revise his order if he is satisfied that the soil of the holding has become fit for cultivation;(iv)if a reduction is claimed under clause (d) of Section 33-A, the Deputy Commissioner may at any time revise his order fixising a reduced rent if he is satisfied that the landlord has restored the arrangements in respect of irrigation which he is bound to maintain;(v)if a reduction is claimed under clause (e) of Section 33-A, the reduced rent shall bear to the previous rent the same proportion as the current prices bear to the prices prevailing,-36. Bar to further enhancement or reduction of rent where there is no record-of-rights. - (1) When the rent of an occupancy holding in any area referred to in clause (a) of Section 27 has been enhanced by order of the Deputy Commissioner passed under Section 29, such rent shall not again be enhanced for a period of fifteen years except. -
(a)by order of the Deputy Commissioner, on the ground of landlord's improvement; or(b)by order of a Revenue Officer, passed under Chapter XII.Chapter V
Raiyat Having khunt-katti Rights37. Incidents of tenancy of Raiyats having khunt-katti rights - The provisions of the Act relating to occupancy-Raiyats shall apply also to Raiyat having 'khunt-katti' rights:
Provided as follows :-Chapter VI
Non-Occupancy Raiyats38. Initial rent and lease of non-occupancy-Raiyat - Subject to any local custom or usage, a non-occupancy-Raiyat shall, when admitted to the occupation of land, become liable to pay such rent as may be agreed on between himself and his landlord at the time of his admission, and shall be entitled to a lease only at such rates and on such conditions as may be so agreed on.
39. Effect of acquisition by landlord of the right of a non-occupancy-Raiyat in his holding - The provisions of Section 20 shall apply in the case of the right of a non-occupancy-Raiyat in his holding in the same way that they apply to an occupancy-Raiyat.
40. Conditions of enhancement of rent of non-occupancy-Raiyat - The rent of non-occupancy Raiyat shall not be enhanced except by registered agreement or by agreement under Section 42.
41. Grounds on which non-occupancy Raiyat may be rejected - A non-occupancy Raiyat shall-subject to the provisions of this Act, be liable to ejectment on one or more of the following grounds, and not otherwise, namely :-
42. Conditions of ejectment on ground of refusal to agree to pay a fair and equitable rent - (1) A suit for ejectment on the ground of refusal to agree to pay a fair and equitable rent shall not be instituted against a non-occupancy Raiyat unless the landlord has tendered to the Raiyat an agreement to pay the rent which he demands and the Raiyat has within six months before the institution of the suit, refused to execute the agreement.
[(2) A landlord desiring to tender an agreement to a Raiyat under this section shall file it in the office of the Deputy Commissioner for service on the Raiyat.]Chapter VII
Lands Exempted From Chapters IV and VI43. Bar to acquisition of right of occupancy in, and to application of Chapter VI to landlords' privileged lands and certain other lands - Notwithstanding anything contained in Chapter IV, a right of occupancy shall not be acquired in, nor shall anything contained in Chapter VI [or in Sections 64 to 66] apply to-
Chapter VII
A
[* * *]Chapter VIII
Leases and Transfers of Holdings and Tenures44. Raiyat entitled to a lease - Every Raiyat shall be entitled to receive from his landlord a lease containing the following particulars, namely :-
45. Landlord entitled to counterpart engagement - Whenever a landlord grants a lease to a tenant, or tenders to a tenant a lease such as he is entitled to receive, the landlord shall be entitled to receive from such tenant a counterpart engagement in conformity with the terms of the lease.
[46. Restrictions on transfer of their right by Raiyat. - (1) No transfer by a Raiyat of his right in his holding or any portion thereof,-(a)by mortgagte or lease for any period expressed or implied which exceeds or might in any possible event exceed five years, or(b)by sale, gift or any other contract or agreement, shall be valid to any extent:Provided that a Raiyat may enter into a 'bhugut bundha' mortgage of his holding or any portion thereof for any period not exceeding seven years or if the mortgagee be a society registered or deemed to be registered under the 'Bihar and Orissa Co-operative Societies Act, 1935 (B&O Act VI of 1935) for any period not exceeding fifteen years:]Provided further that,-(a)an occupancy-Raiyat, who is [a member of the Scheduled Tribes] may transfer with the previous sanction of the Deputy Commissioner his right in his holding or a portion of his holding by sale, exchange, gift or will to [another person, who is a member of the Scheduled Tribes and], who is a resident within the local limits of the area of the police station within which the holding is situate;(b)an occupancy-Raiyat, who is a member of the [Scheduled Castes or Backward Classes] may transfer with the previous sanction of the Deputy Commissioner his right in his holding or a portion of his holding by sale, exchange, gift, will or lease to another person, who is a member of the [Scheduled Castes or, as the case may be, Backward Classes] and who is a resident within the local limits of the district within which the holding is situate [* * *];[(c) any occupancy-Raiyat may, transfer his right in his holding or any portion thereof to a society or bank registered or deemed to be registered under the 'Bihar and Orissa Co-operative Societies Act, 1935 (Bihar and Orissa Act VI of 1935), or to the State Bank of India or a bank specified in column 2 of the First Schedule to the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970) or to a company or a corporation owned by, or in which less than fifty-one per cent of the share capital is held by the State Government or the Central Government or partly by the State Government, and partly by the Central Government, and which has been set up with a view to provide agricultural credit to cultivators; and (d) any occupancy-Raiyat, who is not a member of the Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes or Backward classes, may, transfer his right in his holding or any portion thereof by sale, exchange, gift, will, mortgage or otherwise to any other person.]47. Restriction on sale of Raiyat's right under order of Court - No decree or order shall be passed by any Court for the sale of the right of 'Raiyat in his holding [or any portion thereof] nor shall any such right be sold in execution of any decree or order :
Provided as follows :-(a)any holding [or portion of holding] may be sold, in execution of a decree of a competent Court, to recover an arrear of rent which has accrued in respect of the holding;(b)any holding [or portion of a holding] may be sold, under the procedure provided by [the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914 (B&O Act 4 of 1914] for the recovery of a loan granted [* * *] under the Land Improvement Loans Act, 1883 (19 of 1883), or the Agriculturist Loans Act, 1884 (12 of 1884) or otherwise by the [State] Government;[(bb) any holding or portion of a holding, belonging to any occupancy-Raiyat may be sold, under the procedure provided by the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914 (Bihar and Orissa Act IV of 1914), for the recovery of loan granted by a society or bank registered or deemed to be registered under the Bihar and Orissa Co-operative Societies Act, 1935 (Bihar and Orissa Act VI of 1935), or by the State Bank of India or a bank specified in column 2 of the First Schedule to the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970) or by a company or a corporation owned or in by which not less than fifty-one per cent of the share capital is held by the State Government or the Central Government or partly by the State Government and partly by the Central Government and which has been set up with a view to provide agricultural credit to cultivators so, however, that if such holding or portion thereof belongs to a member of the Scheduled Tribes or Scheduled Castes, it shall not be sold to any person, who is not a member of the Scheduled Tribes, or as the case may be, of the Scheduled Castes.](c)Nothing in this Section shall affect the right to execute a decree for sale of a holding passed, or the terms of conditions of any contract registered before the first day of January, 1903 [* * *][* * * * *]Explanation I. - Where a holding is held under joint landlords, 6[and a decree has been passed for the share of the rent due to one or more, but not all, of them, proviso (a) does not authorise the sale of the holding [or any portion of the holding] in execution of such decree.Explanation II. - Proviso (c) does not render valid any document which is otherwise illegal or invalid, or authorise a Court to take judicial cognizance of any such document.[48. Restrictions on the transfer of Bhuinhari tenure. - (1) A member of a 'Bhuinhari family may transfer any 'Bhuinhari tenure as defined in the Chota Nagpur Tenures Act, 1869 (Ben. Act 2 of 1869) which is held by him or any portion thereof in the same manner and to the same extent as an aboriginal 'Raiyat may transfer his right in his holding under clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (2) of Section 46.]49. Transfer of occupancy-holding or Bhuinhari-Tenure for certain purposes - [(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 46, 47 and 48 any occupancy Raiyat or any member of a Bhuinhari family, who is referred to in Section 48 may transfer his holding or tenure or any part thereof for the following purposes,-
(a)in any case, the use of the land for any industrial purposes or for any other purposes which the State Government may, by ratification declare to be subsidiary thereto or for access to land used or required for any such purpose.(b)in any case, the use of the land for the purpose of mining or for any other purposes which the State Government may, by notification, declare to be subsidiary thereto or for access to land used or required for any such purpose.51. Tenant not liable to transferee of landlord's interest for rent paid to former landlord, without notice of the transfer - (1) A tenant shall not, when his landlord's interest is transferred, be liable to the transferee to the tenants, published in the prescribed manner, shall be paid in good faith to the landlord whose interest was so transferred unless the transferee has before payment served notice of the transfer on the tenant.
Chapter IX
General Provisions as to RentPresumptions as to fixity of rent[51A. Presumptions as to fixity of rent. - (1) Where a tenure-holder, village-headman or Raiyat and his predecessors-in-interest have held at a rent or rate of rent which has not been changed from the time of the permanent settlement, the rent or rate of rent shall not be liable to be increased except on ground of an alteration in the area of the tenancy.52. Instalments. - Subject to any registered agreement or local custom or usage to the contrary, a money-rent payable by a tenant shall be payable in four equal instalments falling due on the last day of each quarter of the agricultural year.
53. Methods of payment of rent. - [(1)] Payment of rent by a tenant to his landlord, in respect of the land held or cultivated by the tenant may be made either,-
(a)by tendering the rent at the mal-cutcherry for the receipt of rent or other place where the rent of such land is usually payable; or(b)by remitting the amount of the rent to the landlord or his agent by postal money-order in the prescribed form [either direct or through the Deputy Commissioner,][(2) Where a tenant (hereinafter referred to in this sub-section as the 'payer') intends to pay his rent or a portion of his rent by postal money-order through the Deputy Commissioner,-(i)the payer shall remit the amount of such rent or portion of rent, as the case may be, to the Deputy Commissioner together with a sum equal to the postal remittance fee to enable the Deputy Commissioner to remit the amount to the person described in the money-order form as the landlord or his agent (hereinafter referred to in this sub-section as the 'payee');(ii)the Deputy Commissioner shall on receipt of the money-order enter the prescribed particulars of all such remittances in a register to be maintained by him in the prescribed form and shall cause the money to be remitted to the payee;(iii)in the event of the payee accepting the money-order the postal acknowledgement shall remain in the Deputy Commissioner's office and shall be made over to the payer on an application made by him in this behalf and if no such application is made, preserved for a period of six years; and(iv)in the event of the payee refusing the money-order, the amount shall remain in deposit with the Deputy Commissioner to the credit of the payee and may, on application be paid to the payee in the prescribed manner, if such application is made within three years from the date of the deposit and if no such application is made by the payee within the said period, the amount may, on application, be paid to the payer in the prescribed manner.54. Receipt for rent and interest thereon - (1) Every tenant who makes a payment on account of rent or interest due thereon, or both to his landlord shall be entitled to obtain forthwith from the landlord or his agent, free of charge, a signed receipt for the same, in the prescribed form.
55. Deposit of rent in the Court of Deputy Commissioner - In any of the following cases, namely,-
56. Procedure on receipt of deposit and payment of same - (1) On the written application of the tenant or his agent, and on his making a declaration in the prescribed form the Deputy Commissioner shall receive such deposit and give a receipt for the sum deposited.
57. Limitation of suit or application for rent due prior to deposit - Whenever any deposit has been received by the Deputy Commissioner, no suit shall be maintained, and no application for a certificate under Section 244 shall be entertained, against the person making the deposit, or his representative, on account of any rent which accrued due prior to the date of the deposit unless such suit be instituted or such application be made within six months from the date of the service of the notice issued under Section 56 in respect of such deposit.
Arrears of Rent58. What to be deemed arrear of rent : interest on arrears - (1) Any instalment of rent which is not paid before sunset on the day when the same is payable [or, where the State Government is the landlord, is not paid at the end of the agricultural year in which it falls due] shall be deemed an arrear of rent, and shall be liable to simple interest not exceeding [six and a-quarter] per centum per annum:
Provided that where a tenant pays his rent in full within the [year following the agricultural year] in which it accrues due, interest shall not exceed [three] per centum on the yearly rent, lawfully payable.59. Ejectment of tenure-holder and cancellation of lease for arrears - When an arrear of rent is adjudged to be due from a tenure-holder not having a permanent or transferable interest in the land, the lease of such tenure-holder shall be liable to be cancelled and the tenure-holder shall be liable to ejectment.
Provided that, no such cancellation or ejectment shall be made otherwise than in execution of a decree or order made under this Act.60. Arrear of rent to be first charge on tenancy - The rent of a tenancy shall be a first charge on the tenancy :
Provided that, if a tenancy is sold in execution of a decree for arrears of rent, the purchaser shall acquire the tenancy free of all liability for rent for any period prior to the date of the sale and rent due for any such period shall be a first charge on the sale proceeds of the tenancy.Commutation of Rent payable in kind61. Commutation of rent payable in kind - (1) When any tenure-holder or occupancy-Raiyat pay for a tenure or holding rent in kind [* * *] or at rates varying with the crop, or partly in one of those ways and partly in another, or partly in any of those ways and partly in money then the rent so payable shall not be altered, whether by private contract or otherwise, except on the application of either the tenant or his landlord to have the rent commuted to a money-rent.
62. Period of which commuted rents are to remain unaltered - Where the rent of a tenure or holding has been commuted under Section 61,-
63. Penalty on landlord for levying anything in excess of rent including local cess or of lawful praedial conditions - [(1) (a) If a landlord or his agent levies, except under any special enactment for the time being in force from a tenant of such landlord, any sum of money or anything in excess of the rent lawfully payable by such tenant for his tenancy and the interest payable on an arrear of such rent, or enforces compliancies by any tenant with any praedial condition to which he is not lawfully entitled such landlord or agent, as the case may be, shall be punishable with simple imprisonment for a term, which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.]
[(b) An offence under clause (a) shall be cognizable and bailable and shall be compoundable with the leave of the Court and the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 [(5 of 1898)] shall apply to the trial of such offence.]63A. Settlement of waste lands to be made by patta. - Settlement of waste lands belonging to the State Government shall be made by a 'patta' or 'amalnama' in the prescribed form. The 'patta' or 'amalnama' shall be prepared in duplicate, of which one copy shall be given to the 'Raiyat concerned and one copy shall be sent to the Deputy Commissioner of the district.
63B. Settlement liable to be set aside. - In the event of any land settled as aforesaid not being brought under cultivation within a period of five years from the date of the settlement, or the land being alienated in contravention of the provisions contained in Section 46, it shall be open to the Deputy Commissioner of the district to set aside the settlement and to make re-settlement of such land in accordance with provision of Section 63-A.
Chapter X
Miscellaneous Provisions as to Landlord and TenantKorkar[64. Conversion of land into korkar with Deputy Commissioner's permission. - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any record-of-rights or any custom or usage to the contrary, every cultivator or landless labourers resident of village or a contiguous village shall have the right to convert land in that village into 'korkar' with the permission of the Deputy Commissioner previously obtained : Provided that no permission of the Deputy Commissioner shall be required under sub-section (1) to the conversion of land into 'korkar1 by a cultivator where he was entitled on the date of the commencement of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 25 of 1947), by virtue of any entry in the record-or-rights or any local custom or usage to convert such land into 'korkar' without the consent of the landlord.65. Power to eject cultivator or leave him in possession - Repealed by the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 25 of 1947), Section 21.
66. Prohibition against conversion of certain land into Korkar - Nothing in Section 64 shall authorise any cultivator to convert into Korkar any orchard or cultivated or homestead land in the direct possession of any other person.
67. Right of occupancy in Korkar. - Every Raiyat, who cultivates or holds land which he or any member of his family has converted into Korkar shall have a right of occupancy in such land notwithstanding that he has not cultivated or held the land for a period of twelve years.
[67A. Assessment of rent on land converted into korkar. - (1) (a) Where a Raiyat converts land into Korkar in accordance with the provision of Section 64, no rent shall be payable for such land until after the expiration of a period of four years from the end of the agricultural year in which the first crop is harvested.(b)After the expiry of the period specified in clause (a), the landlord may assess rent on the said land at a rate not exceeding to the rate prevailing in the village for third class rice land, or if according to the custom of the village only one-half of the said rate is payable for Korkar at a rate not exceeding one-half of the said rate.68. Tenant not to be ejected of except in execution of decree or order. - No tenant shall be ejected from his tenancy or any portion thereof except in execution of decree or in execution of an order of the Deputy Commissioner passed under this Act.
[Explanation. - The word 'decree' in this Section shall include a decree passed by the Civil Court.]69. Relief against forfeitures - (1) Every decree for the ejectment of an occupancy-raiyat or a non-occupancy-raiyat the ground,-
(a)that he has used the land comprised in his holding in a manner which is not authorised by the local custom or usage or which materially impairs the value of the land or renders it unfit for the purposes of the tenancy; or(b)that he has broken a condition consistent with this Act, on breach of which he is, under the terms of the contract between himself and his landlord, liable to ejectment, shall declare the amount of compensation which would reasonably be payable to the plaintiff for the misuse or breach, and whether, in the opinion of the Court, the misuse or breach is capable of remedy; and shall fix a period during which it shall be open to the defendant to pay that amount to the plaintiff, and where the misuse or breach is declared to be capable of the remedy, to remedy the same.70. Decree or order for ejectment when to take effect - A decree or order for ejectment passed under this Act shall take effect from the end of the agricultural year in which it is passed, or to such earlier date (if any) as the Court may direct.
71. Power to replace in possession tenant unlawfully ejected - If any tenant is ejected from his tenancy or any portion thereof in contravention of Section 68 he may, within a period of one year (or, if he is an occupancy-raiyat three years) from the date of such ejectment, present to the Deputy Commissioner an application praying to be replaced in possession of such tenancy or portion; and the Deputy Commissioner may, if he thinks fit after making a summary inquiry, replace him in possession in the prescribed manner.
[71A. Power to restore possession to member of the Scheduled Tribes over land unlawfully transferred. - If at any time, it comes to the notice of the Deputy Commissioner that transfer of land belonging to a Raiyat [or a Mundari Khunt-Kattidaror a Bhuinhari] who is a member of the Scheduled Tribes has taken place in contravention of Section 46 [or Section 48 or Section 240] or any other provisions of this Act or by any fraudulent method, [including decrees obtained in suit by fraud and collusion] he may, after giving reasonable opportunity to the transferee, who is proposed to be evicted, to show cause and after making necessary inquiry in the matter, evict the transferee from such land without payment of compensation and restore it to the transferor or his heir, or, in case the transferor or his heir is not available or is not willing to agree to such restoration, re-settle it with another Raiyat belonging to Scheduled Tribes according to the village custom for the disposal of an abandoned holding :Provided that if the transferee has, within 30 years from the date of transfer, constructed any building or structure on such holding or portion thereof, the Deputy Commissioner shall, if the transferor is not willing to pay the value of the same, order the transferee to remove the same within a period of six months from the date of the order, or within such extended time not exceeding two years from the date of the order as the Deputy Commissioner may allow, failing which the Deputy Commissioner may get such building or structure removed :Provided further that where the Deputy Commissioner is satisfied that the transferee has constructed a substantial structure or building on such holding or portion thereof before coming into force of the Bihar Scheduled Areas Regulation, 1969, he may, notwithstanding any other provisions of the Act, validate such transfer where the transferee either makes available to the transferor an alternative holding or portion thereof as the case may be, of the equivalent value of the vicinity or pays adequate compensation to be determined by the Commissioner for rehabilitation of the transferor:Provided also that if after an inquiry the Deputy Commissioner is satisfied that the transferee has acquired a title by adverse possession and that the transferred land should be restored or re-settled, he shall require the transferor or his heir or another Raiyat, as the case may be, to deposit with the Deputy Commissioner such sum of money as may be determined by the Deputy Commissioner having regard to the amount for which the land was transferred or the market value of the land, as the case may be and the amount of any compensation for improvements effected to the land which the Deputy Commissioner may deem fair and equitable.][Explanation [I.] - In this Section "substantial structure or 'building" means structure or building the value of which on the day of initiation of inquiry, was determined by the Deputy Commissioner to exceed Rs. 10,000 but does not include structure or building of any value, the material of which can be removed without substantially impairing the value of.][Explanation II. - A Bhuinharor Mundari Khunt-Kattidar, who is deemed to be a settled Raiyat under the provisions of Section 18 of this Act shall also be deemed to be a Raiyat for the purpose of this Section.]71B. Penalties. - If any land is transferred in contravention of Section 46 or any other provision of this Act or by fraudulent method and is held or cultivated by any person with the knowledge of such transfer, he shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to 3 years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding fifty rupees for each day during which the offence continues.
Surrender and Abandonment72. Surrender of land by Raiyat - (1) A Raiyat not bound by a lease or other agreement for a fixed period may, at the end of any agricultural year surrender his holding [with the previous sanction of the Deputy Commissioner in writing].
73. Abandonment of land by Raiyat - (1) If a Raiyat voluntarily abandons the land held or cultivated by him, without notice to the landlord and ceases either himself or through any other person to cultivate the land and to pay his rent as it falls due, the landlord may at any time after the expiration of the agricultural year in which the Raiyat so abandons and ceases to cultivate, enter on the holding and let it to another tenant or take into cultivation himself.
74. Effect of lease purporting to admit to occupation after occupation has commenced - Where a tenure-holder, village headman or Raiyat has been in occupation of a tenure or holding, and a lease is executed with a view to the continuance of such occupation, he shall not be deemed to be admitted to occupation by that lease, notwithstanding that the lease may purport to admit him for occupation.
[74A. Determination of person to be village headman when tenancy is vacant. - (1) When a tenancy which, in accordance with custom, is held by a village headman, has for any reason been vacated, any three or more tenants holding land within the said tenancy or the landlord, may apply to the Deputy Commissioner to determine the person, who, in accordance with custom should be village headman entitled to hold the tenancy.75. Measurements of land - (1) Every landlord of an estate, tenure or 'Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancy' shall have a right to make a general survey or measurement of the lands comprised in such estate, tenure or tenancy, unless restrained from doing so by express engagement with the occupants of the lands.
Chapter XI
Customs and Contract76. Saving of custom. - Nothing in this Act shall affect any custom, usage or customary right not inconsistent with, or not expressly or by necessary implication modified or abolished by its provisions.
Illustrations77. Saving as to service tenures and holdings - Except in so far as the [State] Government may otherwise direct by notification, nothing in this Act shall affect any incident of a Ghatwali or other service tenure or holding.
78. Homesteads - When a Raiyat holds his homestead otherwise than as part of his holding as a Raiyat, the incidents of his tenancy of the homestead shall be regulated by local custom or usage, and, subject to local custom or usage, by the provisions of this Act applicable to land held by a Raiyat.
79. Restrictions on exclusion of Act by agreement - (1) Nothing in any contract between a landlord and tenant made before or after the commencement of this Act shall,-
(a)bar in perpetuity the acquisition of an occupancy-right in land, or(b)take away an occupancy-right in existence at the date of the contract, or(c)entitle a landlord to eject a tenant otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act.79B. Restriction on the share of the produce rent payable to a landlord by agreement. - Nothing in any contract, express or implied, between a landlord and a tenure-holder or a Raiyat made before or after the date on which Section 21 of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1938 (Bihar Act 2 of 1938) came into force, shall entitle the landlord to more than nine-twentieths of the produce as rent in respect of a tenure or an occupancy holding if rent is payable in kind by division of the produce.]
Chapter XII
Records-of-Rights and Settlement of Rents80. Power to order survey and preparation of record-of-rights - (1) The [State] Government may make an order directing that a survey be made and a record-of-rights be prepared, by a Revenue Officer in respect of the lands in any local area, estate, or tenure or part thereof.
81. Particulars to be recorded - Where an order is made under Section 80, the particulars to be recorded shall be specified in the order and may include, either without or in addition to other particulars, some or all of the following, namely :-
82. Power to order survey and preparation of record-of-rights as to water - The [State] Government may, for the purpose of settling or averting disputes existing or likely to rise between landlords, tenants, proprietors, or persons belonging to any of these classes, regarding the use or passage of water, make an order directing that a survey be made and a record-of-rights be prepared by a Revenue Officer, in order to ascertain and record the rights and obligations of each tenant and landlord in any local area, estate or tenure or part thereof, in respect of,-
83. Preliminary publication, amendment and final publication of record-of-rights. - (1) When a draft record-of-rights has been prepared under this Chapter, the Revenue Officer shall publish the draft in the prescribed manner and for the prescribed period and shall receive and consider any objections which may be made to any entry therein, or to any omissions therefrom, during the period of publication.
84. Presumptions as to final publication and correctness of record-of-rights - (1) In any suit or other proceedings in which a record-of-rights prepared and published under this Chapter or a duly certified copy thereof or extract therefrom is produced, such record-of-rights shall be presumed to have bean finally published unless such publication is expressly denied and a certificate, signed by the Revenue Officer, or by the Deputy Commissioner of any district in which its local area, estate or tenure or part thereof to which the record-of-rights relates is wholly or partly situate, stating that the record-of-rights has been finally published, under this Chapter shall be conclusive evidence of such publication.
85. Settlement of fair rent - (1) In every area in respect of which a survey [is being or has been made] and a record-of-rights [is being or has been prepared] under Section 80, the Revenue Officer may settle fair rents in respect of any land held by a tenant.
86. Decision of issues arising during course of settlement of rents - Where in any proceeding for the settlement of rents under Section 85, any of the following issues arises, namely:-
87. Institution of suits before Revenue Officer - (1) In proceedings under this Chapter a suit may be instituted before a Revenue Officer, at any time within three months from the date of the certificate for the final publication of the record-of-rights under sub-section (2) of Section 83 of the decision of any dispute regarding any entry which a Revenue Officer has made in, or any omission which he has made from the record [except an entry of a fair rent settled under the provisions of Section 85 before the final publication of the record-of-rights] whether such dispute be,-
(a)between the landlord and tenant, or(b)between landlords of the same or of neighbouring estate, or(c)between tenant and tenant, or(d)as to whether the relationship of landlord and tenant exists, or(e)as to whether land held rent-free is properly so held, or[(ee) as to any question relating to the title in land or to any interest in land as between the parties to the suit; or](f)as to any other matter;and the Revenue Officer shall hear and decide the dispute :Provided that the Revenue Officer may, subject to such rules as may be made in this behalf under Section 264, transfer any particular case or class of cases to a competent Civil Court for trial:Provided also that in any suit under this Section, the Revenue Officer shall not try any issue which has been, or is already, directly and substantially in issue between the same parties or between parties under whom they or any of them claim, in proceedings for the settlement of rent under this Chapter, where such issue has been tried and decided, or is already being tried, by a Revenue Officer under Section 86 in proceedings instituted after the final publication of the record-of-rights.88. Entry in record-of-rights of rents settled and decisions made - A note of all rents settled under Section 85, and of all decisions under sub-section (1) and decisions on appeal under sub-section (2) of Section 87 shall be made in the record-of-rights as finally published under Section 83 and such note shall be considered as part of the record.
89. Revision by Revenue Officer - (1) Any Revenue Officer specially empowered by the [State] Government in this behalf may on application or on his own motion within twelve months from the making of any [entry in the draft record-of-rights or of any] order or decision under Section 83, Section 85 or Section 86, revise the same, whether it was made by himself or by any other Revenue Officer, but not so as to affect any order passed under Section 87 or any order passed in appeal under Section 85, sub-section (4):
Provided that no such order or decision shall be so revised if a suit or an appeal in respect thereof is pending under Section 85, sub-section (4) of Section 87 until reasonable notice has been given to the parties concerned to appear and be heard in the matter.91. Stay of certain proceedings before Deputy Commissioner or Civil Court when order made for preparation of record-of-rights - (1) When an order has been made under Section 87, or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, directing the preparation of a record-of-rights, then notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing Sections of this Chapter, no Deputy Commissioner or Civil Court shall, until six months after the final publication of the record-of-rights, entertain any suit or application (not being an application under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 [(5 of 1898)]:
(a)in which there is an issue, either directly or indirectly the [existence, non-existence, nature or extent] in the area to which the record-of-rights applies, of any right referred to in clause (n) of Section 81, [or for the determination, assessment or alteration of the sum payable by any person in respect of such right]; or(b)for the alteration of the rent or the determination of the status of any tenant in such area :Provided that if any person considers himself aggrieved by any act of waste or damage committed by any other person in respect of any waste land or jungle-land during the period within which suits and applications are prohibited by this Section he may apply to the Deputy Commissioner, who may, after such inquiry as he thinks fit, by written order, prohibit the continuance of such waste or damage.92. Bar to jurisdiction of Courts in matters relating to record-of-rights - No suit shall be brought in any Court in respect of any order directing the preparation of a record-of-rights under this Chapter, or in respect of the framing publication, signing or attestation of such a record or of any part of it.
93. Stay of certain proceedings before Deputy Commissioner or Civil Court when record-of-rights finally published - (1) When a record-of-rights in respect of any land has been prepared under this Chapter, and finally published, no application or suit affecting any such land or any tenant thereof shall, within six months from the date of the certificate of final publication of such record-of-rights, be made or instituted before the Deputy Commissioner or in any Civil Court for the decision of any of the following issues, namely -
(a)whether the relation of landlord and tenants exists;(b)whether the land is part of a particular estate or tenancy;(c)whether there is any special condition or incident of the tenancy; or(d)whether any easement attaches to the land.94. Period for which rents entered in the record-of-rights are to remain unaltered - (1) When the rent of an occupancy holding is entered in a record-of-rights which has been prepared and finally published under this Chapter or any law in force before the commencement of the Act [or has been reduced under this Chapter] then subject to the provisions of Sections [85], 87, 89 and 90 such rent shall not, except on the ground of a landlord's improvement, be enhanced for a period,-
(a)fifteen years after the final publication of the record-of-rights when such publication was made after the commencement of this Act, or(b)seven years after the final publication of the record-of-rights when such publication was made before the commencement of this Act;and such rent shall not be reduced within the said period respectively, save on the ground of alteration in the area of the holding or [under Section 33-A];and no demand for rent in respect of an occupancy holding in excess of the amount entered in the said record-of-rights, shall be enforceable, save as provided in this Chapter or in Section 32 [or, where proceedings by way of appeal or revision were pending on the date of final publication of the record-of-rights, save in accordance with the decision in such proceedings or, in any appeal preferred therefrom]:Provided that in any area in respect of which a record-of-rights has been finally published before the commencement of this Act, a Revenue Officer may on the application of any landlord, made within two years from the commencement of this Act, assess a fair rent on lands which are included in a holding and are assessable with rent but for which no rent has been paid or has been entered as payable in the record-or-rights.95. Expenses of proceedings under this Chapter - (1) When the preparation of a record-of-rights has been directed or undertaken under this Chapter, the expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of this Chapter in any local area, estate, tenure or part thereof (including expenses that may be incurred at any time, whether before or after the preparation of the record-of-rights, in the maintenance, repair or restoration of boundary marks and other survey marks erected for the purpose of carrying out the provision of this Chapter), or such part of those expenses as the [State] Government, may direct, shall be defrayed by the landlords, tenants and occupants of land in the local area, estate, tenure or part, in such proportions and in such instalment (if any), as the [State] Government, having regard to all the circumstances may determine.
96. Power of Revenue Officer to give effect to agreement or compromise - In framing a record-of-rights, and in deciding disputes under this Chapter the Revenue Officer shall give effect to any lawful agreement or compromise made or entered into by any landlord and his tenant :
Provided as follows :-97. Date from which settled rent takes effect - When a rent is settled by Revenue Officer under this Chapter, it shall take effect from the beginning of the agricultural year next after the date of the decision finally fixing the rent.
98. Revision of record-of-rights, and new settlement of rents, under orders of State Government - (1) The [State] Government may at any time, either of its own motion or on the application of any landlord or tenant, direct that any record-of-rights which has been finally published under this Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, or any portion of any such record-of-rights, be revised, in the prescribed manner, but not so as to affect any rent entered therein.
99. Enhancement of rent where application under Section 98 is rejected - If the [State] Government rejects any application made by a landlord under Section 98, sub-section (2), for a revision of a record-of-rights after the expiration of the period of fifteen years or the period of seven years as the case may be, referred to in that sub-section, such landlord may apply to Deputy Commissioner for the enhancement of any rent entered in such record-of-rights as being payable to him.
100. Validation of directions given, before the commencement of this Act for the record of certain rights - Where a direction has been given any order made under Section 101 of the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 (2 of 1885), before the commencement of this Act, for the record of any rights of the kind mentioned in clause (n) of Section 81 of this Act, such direction shall be deemed to be as valid as if the said clause had been enacted before such order was made.
[100A. Application of certain provisions to rights if pasturage, to take forest produce, etc. and to payments in respect thereof. - [* * *] The provisions of this Chapter, excluding Section 94 and of Sections 53 to 58 both inclusive, and Section 63, shall, so far as may be, apply to any of the following rights not being rights created by a [Registered contract] namely, rights of pasturage, rights to take forest-produce, rights of fishery, or other similar rights and to the sum, if any, payable by a person in respect thereof, as if such rights person and sum were respectively land held by a tenant, the tenant thereof and the rent payable in respect thereof, and as if the payee of such sum were the landlord under whom such person holds.][* * * * * *]Chapter XIII
Praedial Conditions and The Commutation and Record Thereof101. Prohibition against new praedial conditions - From and after the commencement of this Act,-
102. Liability of tenant when original conditions of tenancy cannot be ascertained - When the original conditions of a tenancy cannot be ascertained, the tenants shall not be liable to any praedial conditions other than or in excess of those to which, by local custom or usage, he, in common with the general body of the class to which he belongs in the village tenure or estate in which the lands of the tenancy are situated, is liable :
Provided that, in any case in which praedial conditions have been complied with by a tenant for a period of five years continuously, any Revenue Officer acting under this Chapter may, when commuting such conditions under this Chapter, presume that the same have been complied with in accordance with local custom or usage or in accordance with an express or implied contract made at the commencement of the tenancy.103. Method of calculating present value of praedial conditions - When in any proceedings under this Act, it becomes necessary for a Court to calculate the value of any praedial condition such value shall be taken to be its average value during the ten years immediately prior to the proceedings, or during any shorter period for which evidence may be available.
104. Procedure in suit for rent and value of praedial conditions - When in any suit for the recovery of rent, it is sought to recover the value of the praedial conditions appurtenant to a tenancy, an issue may be framed as to whether the value of the praedial conditions, when added to the rent payable in respect of the tenancy, exceeds a fair rent, and, if it is found that the resulting amount exceeds a fair rent, the Court shall decree the rent and so much (if any) of the value of the praedial conditions as, together with the rent will not exceed the sum which would, having regard to the special circumstances of the case, be a fair rent.
105. Voluntary commutation of praedial conditions - (1) When any land is held subject to any praedial conditions, the tenant or the landlord may apply in writing to a Revenue Officer for commutation of such conditions.
106. Power to order record of praedial conditions, with or without commutation - (1) The [State] Government may, in any case in which it is, in its opinion, expedient so to do, make an order directing either,-
(a)that a record of all praedial conditions to which the lands within any local area or any estate, tenure or part thereof are subject shall be prepared, and a commutation of such conditions made, by a Revenue Officer; or(b)that a record as aforesaid be made by a Revenue Officer without commutation of such conditions as aforesaid.107. Preparation of record - (1) Whenever an order is made under Section 106, the Revenue Officer shall thereupon proceed to prepare a record containing the following particulars, namely:
(a)the name of each tenant;(b)the name of his landlord;(c)the rent payable for the lands held by each tenant at the time the record is being prepared;(d)the praedial conditions to which all or any of such lands are subject;(e)the amount in which the judgement of the Revenue Officer, may fair try be deemed payable in commutation of such conditions; and(f)any other prescribed particulars.108. Publication of record - (1) When the Revenue Officer has prepared a record under Section 107, he shall cause a draft of the same to be locally published in the prescribed manner and for the prescribed period, and shall receive and consider any objections which may be made to any entry therein or to any omission therefrom during the period of publication.
109. Appeal from orders of Revenue Officer - An appeal shall lie, in the prescribed manner and to the prescribed Officer, from any order of Revenue Officer under this Chapter.
110. Revision by Commissioner or Board - The Commissioner or the Board may direct the revision of any record prepared under this Chapter of any portion of such record, at any time within two years from the date of the final publication of the record, but not so as to affect any decision from which an appeal has been preferred under Section 109:
Provided that no such direction shall be made until reasonable notice has been given to the parties concerned to appear and be heard in the matter.111. Procedure where a survey and record-of-rights are being made - In every local area, estate, tenure or part thereof in which a survey is being made and a record-of-rights is being prepared under this Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act,
and in which a record of praedial conditions are being prepared and a commutation thereof is being made an order issued under Section 106.Sections 107 to 109 shall not apply, and the following provisions shall have effect, namely :-112. Note of decisions in record-of-rights - A note of all decisions under Clause (8) and decisions on appeal under clause (10) of Section 111 shall be made in record-of-rights as finally published under Section 83 and such note shall be considered as part of the record.
113. Decisions of questions as to whether a payment in kind is a praedial condition or a payment of rent in kind - Where, in any proceeding under this Chapter or under Section 61, a question arises as to whether a payment in kind is a praedial condition or a payment of rent in kind the Revenue Officer acting under this Chapter or the officer acting under Section 61, as the case may be, shall after such inquiry as he may consider necessary, decide whether in fact the payment is a praedial condition or not.
114. Commencement and effect of commutation - (1) When the commutation of any praedial conditions is settled under this Chapter, for any local area or estate, tenure or part thereof, the settlement shall take effect from the beginning of the agricultural year next after the final publication of the record.
115. Expenses of voluntary commutation - When in any case, the proceedings under Section 105 have been completed, the Revenue Officer shall apportion the total expenses thereof between the landlord and tenant in such proportion as, having regard to all the circumstances, he may deem fit; and the amount so apportioned shall be recoverable as an arrear of land revenue.
116. Expenses of record and compulsory commutation - The expenses incurred by the [State] Government; in carrying out in any local area or any estate, tenure or part thereof any order made under Section 106 or such part of those expenses as the [State] Government may direct shall be defrayed by the landlords and tenants of land in that local area, tenure or part, in such proportions as the [State] having regard to all circumstances, may determine.
117. Saving of right to claim reduction or enhancement of rent - No proceedings under this Chapter shall bar the right of any tenant or landlord to claim a reduction or enhancement of rent under this Act after such proceedings have been completed.
Chapter XIV
Record of Landlord's Privileged Lands118. Definition of "landlord's privileged lands" - (1) The expression "landlord's privileged lands", as used in this Chapter, means,-
(a)lands which are cultivated by the landlord himself with his own stock or by his own servants or by hired labour or are held by a tenant on lease for a term [exceeding one year, or on a lease written or oral for a period of one year or less], and which are by custom, recognised as privileged land in which occupancy-rights cannot accrue, and(b)[Land which are known as 'Zirat' in the Chota Nagpur Division other than the [district of Ranchi and Dhanbad and Patamda, Ichagarh and Chandi police-stations in the district of Singhbhum], lands which are known as man in the [district of Dhanbad and Patamda, Ichagarh and Chandi police-stations in the district of Singhbhum] and lands which are entered as Manjhihas or Bethpketa in any register prepared and confirmed under the Chota Nagpur Tenures Act, 1869 (Ben. Act 2 of 1869).]119. Power to direct a survey and record of landlord s privileged lands - The [State] Government may, by notification, direct a Revenue Officer to make a survey and record of all lands in any specified local area which are landlord's privileged lands within the meaning of clause (a) of Section 118.
120. Application of certain Sections. - When a notification has been published under Section 119, directing the making of a record, the provisions of Sections 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 95 and 96, so far as they may be applicable, shall apply to such record as if it were a record-of-rights referred to in those Sections.
121. Power to record landlord's privileged lands on application of landlord or tenant - When any land is alleged to be a landlord's privileged land within the meaning of clause (a) of Section 118, then, on the application of the landlord or of any tenant of the land, and on his depositing the required amount for expenses a Revenue Officer may ascertain and record whether the land is or is not landlord's privileged land within the meaning of the said clause :
Provided that when a record of such lands has been or is being made by a Revenue Officer under Section 119, no application shall be entertained under this Section.122. Procedure in inquiries - In any inquiry under this Chapter, a Revenue Officer,-
123. Presumption that lands are not landlord's privileged lands - In any inquiry by a Revenue Officer under this Chapter or by any Court, as to whether lands are or are not landlord's privileged lands, the Officer or Court shall presume until the contrary is proved that the lands are not landlord's privileged lands.
124. No land in certain villages to be recorded as landlord's privileged lands - Where any land in any village is entered as Manjhihas or Bet-kheta in any register prepared and confirmed under the Chota Nagpur Tenure Act, 1869 (Bengal Act 2 of 1869), a Revenue Officer acting under this Chapter shall not record any other lands in that village as being landlord's privileged lands.
125. Exclusion of unrecorded lands from category of landlord's privileged lands - When a record of landlord's privileged lands has been prepared under Section 119 for any area, no other lands in that area shall be deemed to be landlord's privileged lands.
126. Appeal - An appeal shall lie, in the prescribed manner and to the prescribed Officer from decisions and orders of a Revenue Officer under this Chapter.
Chapter XV
Record-of-Rights and Obligations of Raiyats Having khunt-katti Rights, Village Headmen and other classes of tenants127. Record-of-rights and obligations of Raiyats having Khuntkatti rights village headmen and other class of tenants - (1) The [State] Government may make an order directing that a record be prepared by a Revenue Officer of the rights and obligation in any specified local area of,-
(a)'Raiyat having 'khunt-katti' rights,(b)[village headman], or(c)any other class of tenants, and that a settlement of fair rents to be paid by such persons or any of them be made.Explanation. - The word "rights", as used in this sub-section, includes the right of a village-headman to hold his office as well as his right to hold land.128. Application of certain Sections - (1) When a notification has been published under Section 127, directing the preparation of a record, the provisions of Section 81, Section 83, Section 84, sub-sections (1) and (2), and Sections 39 to 96, so far as they may be applicable, shall apply as if such records were referred to in those Sections.
129. Notice of entries to interested persons - At the time of the final publication of a record prepared by a Revenue Officer under this Chapter that officer shall cause a copy of the entries therein to be served in the prescribed manner, on all persons interested in such entries, so far as such persons can be ascertained.
130. Suits to decide disputes as to entries in or omission from record - (1) Where there is a dispute regarding the correctness of any entry made in a record prepared under this Chapter, or regarding any incorrect omission therefor on a suit may be instituted before a Revenue Officer at any time within three months from the date of the certificate of the final publication of the record.
Provided that in any suit under this Section, the Revenue Officer shall not try any issue which has been, or is already, directly and substantially in issue between the same parties or between parties under whom they or any of them claim, in proceedings for the settlement of rents, where such issue has been tried and decided, or is already being tried, by a Revenue Officer acting under Section 86 in proceedings instituted after the final publication of the record.131. Note of final decisions in record - A note of all decisions under subsection (1) of Section 133 and of all decisions on appeal under sub-section (3) of that Section shall be made in the record prepared under Section 127 and such note shall be considered as part of the record.
132. Evidential value of entries - When a record has been finally published under Section 128, or amended under Section 131, the entries made therein shall [in every suit, application or proceeding to which the landlord or a tenant or any person claiming to be the landlord or as tenant is a party] be conclusive evidence of the rights and obligations of the tenants to which such entries relate and of all the particulars recorded in such entries.
133. Revenue-Officer to have regard to origin and nature of tenancy and status of tenants - In making inquiries under this Chapter into the rights and obligations of tenants the Revenue Officer shall have regard to the origin and nature of each tenancy and the real status of the tenant, notwithstanding that the tenant may have been described in any document as a Thikadar or temporary lease holder or in any other similar terms.
134. Exclusion of unrecorded lands from category of khunt-katti lands - When a record-of-rights and obligations of Raiyats having khunt-katti rights has been prepared under this Chapter for any local area, no lands in such area, which are not entered in such record, shall be recognised as lands in respect of which khunt-katti rights can be acquired.
Chapter XVI
Judicial Procedure in Matters Cognizable by The Deputy Commissioner135. Place for holding Deputy Commissioner's Court - The Deputy Commissioner may hold a Court for hearing and determining suits and application under this Act, in any place within the local limits of his jurisdiction :
Provided that every hearing and decision shall be in open Court, and that the parties to the suit or application, or their agents, shall have had due notice to attend at such place.136. Office for instituting suits and making applications - Suits and applications before the Deputy Commissioner under this Act shall respectively be instituted and made,-
137. Withdrawal of suits - The Deputy Commissioner may withdraw any suit [application or proceedings] from any Deputy Collector or Revenue Officer, who is exercising powers of the Deputy Commissioner under this Act and may try it himself or transfer it to any Deputy Collector.
138. Jurisdiction where land is situated in more than one district or subdivision - (1) When any suit is instituted or application made in respect of any land comprised in a tenure or holding and such land is situated in more than one district or sub-division, the district or sub-division in which the greater part of such land is situated shall be deemed to be the district or sub-division in which the cause of action has arisen;
and if any question be raised respecting the district or sub-division in which the greater part of the land is situated, the Board or (if the land is situated in one district) the Deputy Commissioner shall decide the question.139. Certain suits and applications cognizable only by the Deputy Commissioner - The following suits and applications shall be cognizable by the Deputy Commissioner, and shall be instituted and tried or heard under the provisions of this Act, and shall not be cognizable in any other Court, except as otherwise provided in this Act, namely,-
140. Collective suits or applications - Subject to such rules (if any) as may be made in this behalf under Section 264, a suit may be instituted before, or an application may be made to, the Deputy Commissioner collectively by or against any number of tenants holding land in the same village; and an allegation that such tenants are wrongly joined shall be no ground for dismissing a suit or refusing to hear an application;
but, no order shall be passed in any collective suit or on any such collective application unless the officer making the same is satisfied that all parties have had an opportunity to appear and make objection to any claims preferred against them;and if at any time it appears to the Deputy Commissioner that the question between any two of the parties of whom one is so joined with others cannot conveniently be jointly tried or heard, the Deputy Commissioner may order a separate trial or hearing.141. Order or decree in collective suit or on collective application to specify how far it effects each tenant - Every order or decree passed in any case which is tried or heard jointly under Section 140 shall specify the extent to which each of the tenants named in the order or decree shall be affected thereby.
142. Suit by co-sharer landlord for rent - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 257, a co-sharer landlord may institute a suit to recover from a tenant,-
(a)his share of the rent, when such share is collected separately, or(b)the whole of the rent due to the plaintiff and his co-sharers, when all or any of his co-sharers, who refuse to join in the suit are made defendants therein.143. Institution of suits by presentation of statement of claim - Suits before the Deputy Commissioner under this Act shall be instituted by presenting a statement of claim showing,-
144. Additional particulars required in statement of claim in certain suits and in certain applications - (1) In all suits and applications before the Deputy Commissioner for the recovery of an arrear of rent or for the ejectment of a tenant from any tenure or holding or for the recovery of occupancy or possession of any tenure or holding, the statement of or application shall contain, in addition to the particulars required by Section 143,-
(a)a specification of situation and designation of the land held by the tenant, and(b)a specification of the extent and boundaries of such land, or (if the plaintiff is unable to specify the extent or boundaries) a description sufficient for the identification of the land.145. Substitution of copies or extracts for original documents admitted in evidence - When any account books, rent-rolls, collection paper, measurement-papers of maps have been produced by the landlord before the Deputy Commissioner in any suit or proceeding under this Act, and have been admitted in evidence in the suit or proceeding or in any inquiry pending before the Deputy Commissioner;
copies of extracts from, such documents, certified by a duly authorised officer of the Court of the Deputy Commissioner to be true copies of extracts, may, with the permission of the Deputy Commissioner, be substituted on the record for the originals, which may then be returned to the landlord;and thereafter copies of extracts, so certified, may be admitted in evidence in any other suit or proceeding instituted before the same or any other Deputy Commissioner under this Act, unless the Deputy Commissioner before whom they are produced sees fit to require the production of the originals.146. Statement of claim by whom to be presented - The statement of claim shall be presented by the plaintiff or by an agent of the plaintiff, who is acquainted with the facts of the case.
147. Signature and verification of statement of claim - The statement of claim shall be subscribed and verified at the foot by the plaintiff or his agent, in the following form-
"I, 'A', 'B', do declare that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge, information and belief."148. Production of documents by plaintiff - (1) If the plaintiff relies in support of his claim on any document in his possession he must produce such document before the Deputy Commissioner at the time of presenting his statement of claim.
149. Production of documents by defendant - If the plaintiff requires the production of any document in the possession or power of the defendant, he may, at the time of presenting his statement of claim, deliver a description of the document to the Deputy Commissioner, in order that the defendant may be directed to produce the document.
150. Return or amendments of statement of claim - If the statement of claim does not contain the several particulars required by Section 143 or by Sections 143 and 144, as the case may be, or is not subscribed and verified as required by Section 147, the Deputy Commissioner may return the statement of the plaintiff, or may at his discretion allow it to be amended.
151. Issue of summons to defendant - If the statement of claim is in proper form the Deputy Commissioner shall direct the issue of a summon to the defendant in the prescribed form [and also of a copy of the plaint or, if there are two or more defendants, of such portion of the plaint as relates to him.]
152. Attendance of defendant personally or by agent - If the plaintiff requires the personal attendance of the defendant and satisfies the Deputy Commissioner that such personal attendance is necessary, or if the Deputy Commissioner of his own accord requires such personal attendance, the summons shall contain an order for the defendant to appear personally on day to be specified in the summons; otherwise the summons shall order the defendant to appear personally or by an agent, who is acquainted with the facts of the case.
153. Production of documents and witnesses - The said summons shall order the defendant to produce any document which he has in his possession and of which the plaintiff demands inspection, or upon which the defendant may intend to rely in support of his defence;
and shall also enjoin the defendant to bring his witnesses with him if they are willing to attend without issue of process.154. Deposit of cost of serving summons - If the amount of the cost of serving the summons be not deposited in the prescribed manner, the claim shall be rejected; but in such case, the plaintiff may present another statement of claim at any time within the period provided by this Act for the limitation of suits.
155. Procedure when neither party appears - If on the day fixed by the summons for the appearance of the defendant, or on any subsequent day to which the hearing of the case may be postponed prior to the framing of issues as provided in Section 167 neither of the parties appears in person or by agent, the case shall be struck off with liberty to the plaintiff to bring a fresh suit unless precluded by the provisions for the limitation of suits contained in this Act.
156. Procedure when only the defendant appears - If on such day, only the defendant appears the Deputy Commissioner shall dismiss the suit unless the defendant admits the claim or part thereof in which case the Deputy Commissioner shall pass a decree against the defendant upon such admission without costs and where part only of the claim has been admitted shall dismiss the suit so far as it relates to the remainder:
Provided that such decree if there be more than one defendant, shall be only against the defendant who makes the admission.157. Procedure when only the plaintiff appears - If, on such day, only the plaintiff appears, the Deputy Commissioner upon proof that the summons has been duly served shall proceed to examine the plaintiff or his agent, and, after considering the allegations of the plaintiff and any documentary or oral evidence adduced by him, may either dismiss the case, or postpone the hearing of it to a future day for the attendance of any witness whom the plaintiff may wish to call, or decree the suit ex-parte against the defendant.
158. Production of documents by defendant - If the defendant relies on any document in support of his defence, he shall produce it before the Deputy Commissioner at the first hearing of the suit; and if such document is not so produced it shall not afterwards be admitted, unless the Deputy Commissioner for sufficient reasons to be recorded in writing, thinks fit to admit it.
159. Hearing of defendant on day to which case is postponed - If the defendant appears on any subsequent day to which the hearing of the suit may be postponed under Section 157, the Deputy Commissioner may, upon such conditions (if any) as to costs or otherwise as he may think proper, allow the defendant to be heard in answer to the suit as if he had appeared on the day fixed for his attendance.
160. Exemption of women from personal attendance - A female plaintiff or defendant shall not be required to attend in person if of a rank or class which, according to the customs and manners of the country, would render it improper for her to appear in public.
161. Employment of agents - (1) Any party to a suit before the Deputy Commissioner under this Act may employ an agent to conduct the case on his behalf; but, the appointment of an agent shall not excuse the personal attendance of the plaintiff or defendant in cases where his personal attendance is required by the summons or by any order of the Deputy Commissioner.
162. Power to grant time or adjourn hearing - The Deputy Commissioner may, in any case, grant time to the plaintiff or defendant to proceed in the prosecution or defence of a suit, and may also from time to time, in order to secure further evidence, or for other sufficient reason to be recorded by him, adjourn the hearing or further hearing of any case in such manner as he may think fit.
163. Examination and cross-examination of parties or their agents and of witnesses, written statement by defendant - (1) When both parties appear in person on the day named in the summons, or upon any subsequent day to which the hearing of the case may be adjourned under Section 162, the Deputy Commissioner [may proceed to examine them, and if he examines them] either party or his agent may cross-examine the other.
164. Conduct and record of examination - (1) The examination of the parties or their agents shall be conducted according to the law for the time being in force for the examination of witnesses.
165. Power to direct attendance of party whose agent cannot answer material question - If the agent of either party is unable to answer any material question relating to the case, which the Deputy Commissioner is of opinion that the party whom he represents ought to answer and likely to be able to answer if interrogated in person, the Deputy Commissioner may postpone the hearing of the case to a future day, and may direct that such party shall attend in person on such day, and, if such party fails to appear in person on the day appointed, the Deputy Commissioner may decide the suit as in case of default, or make such other order as he may deem proper in the circumstances of the case.
166. Decree when to be made - If after the examination [referred to in] Section 163, and after the examination of any witness, who may attend to give evidence on behalf of the parties, and after a consideration of the documentary evidence adduced, a decree can properly be made without asking further evidence, the Deputy Commissioner shall make a decree accordingly.
167. Power to postpone trial to take further evidence - If it appears that the parties are at issue on any question upon which it is necessary to hear further evidence, the Deputy Commissioner shall frame issues, and shall fix a day for the examination of witnesses and the final hearing of the suit; and the trial take place on that day, unless there be sufficient reason for adjourning it, which reason shall be recorded by the Deputy Commissioner.
168. Production of witnesses - The parties shall produce their witnesses on the day of the trial; and if either party requires assistance to procure the attendance of a witness on such day, either to give evidence or to produce a document, he shall apply to the Deputy Commissioner in sufficient time before such day to enable the witness to be summoned and to attend on that day; and, if the application be made in sufficient time as aforesaid, the Deputy Commissioner shall issue a summon requiring such witness to attend.
169. Procedure when neither party appears on day fixed for final hearing of suit - (1) If, on the day fixed for the final hearing of the suit, neither of the parties appears, the case shall be struck off under the conditions provided in Section 155.
170. Judgement - (1) The Deputy Commissioner shall pronounce judgement in open Court.
171. Local inquiries - (1) The Deputy Commissioner may, at any stage of a suit or other proceeding before him under this Act,-
(a)cause a local inquiry and report respecting the matter in dispute to be made by any officer subordinate to him, or by any other officer of the [Government] with the consent to the authority to whom such officer is subordinate, or by any other person whom the Deputy Commissioner may deem fit; or(b)himself proceed to the spot and make such local inquiry in person.172. Payment into Court by defendant, after tender to plaintiff - (1) The defendant in any suit before the Deputy Commissioner under this Act may, if he has duly tendered the same to the plaintiff before the institution of the suit pay into Court such sum of money as he may consider to be due to the plaintiff, without paying in any costs incurred by the plaintiff up to the time of such payment, and such sum shall immediately be paid out of Court to the plaintiff.
173. Payment into Court by defendant, without prior tender to plaintiff - (1) The defendant in any suit before the Deputy Commissioner under this Act may, without having tendered the same to the plaintiff before the institution of the suit, pay into Court such sum of money as he may, consider to be due to the plaintiff, together with the costs (to be fixed by the Deputy Commissioner, if necessary, as upon a suit originally instituted for the amount so paid into Court) incurred by the plaintiff up to the time of such payment; and such sum shall immediately be paid out of Court to the plaintiff.
174. Prohibition of interest on sums paid into Court - From the date on which any sum is paid into Court by the defendant under Section 172 or Section 173 no interest shall be allowed to the plaintiff on such sum, whether it be in full satisfaction of his claim or falls short thereof.
175. Power to award damages to plaintiff in rent suit - [Repealed by the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1938 (Bihar Act 2 of 1938), Section 24.]
176. Power to award compensation to defendant in rent suit - [Repealed by the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1938 (Bihar Act 2 of 1938), Section 24]
177. Procedure where third-party claims right to receive rent - When in any suit before a Deputy Commissioner under this Act between a landlord and a tenant [the tenant or a third person pleads that the right to receive the rent of the land or tenure cultivated or held by the tenant belongs to such third person] on the ground that such third person or a person through whom he claims has actually and in good faith received and enjoyed such rent before and up to the time of the institution of the suit,
such third person shall be made a party to the suit, and the question of the actual payment of the rent to such third person in good faith shall be inquired into, and the suit shall be decided according to the result of such inquiry :Provided that such decision shall not affect the right of any party, who may have a legal title to such rent, to establish such title by suit in a Civil Court if instituted within one year from the date of the decision.178. Suit for ejectment of non-occupancy Raiyat- Cancelment of lease of any tenant for arrear of rent - (1) Any landlord desiring to eject a non-occupancy Raiyat on the ground that he has failed to pay an arrear of rent, or to cancel the lease of any tenant on account of the non-payment of arrears of rent, may sue for such ejectment or concealment and for the recovery of the arrears in the same suit, or may, in a suit for such ejectment or cancelment, adduce any unexecuted decree for arrears of rent as evidence of the existence of such arrears.
179. Power of Deputy Commissioner to grant lease to Raiyat in default of landlord - If a decree is given for the grant of a lease to a 'Raiyat and the landlord fails, for a period of three months, after the date of the decree, to grant such lease, the Deputy Commissioner may grant a lease in conformity with the terms of the decree, under his own hand and seal; and such lease shall have the same force and effect as if granted by the landlord.
180. Procedure where tenant fails to deliver counterpart engagement to landlord - If a decree is given for the delivery of a counterpart engagement by a tenant to a landlord, and the tenant fails, for a period of three months after the date of the decree, to deliver such counterpart, the decree shall be evidence of the amount of rent claimable from such tenant, and a copy of the decree under the hand and seal of the Deputy Commissioner shall have the same force and effect as a counterpart engagement delivered by the tenant to the landlord.
Execution of Decrees and Orders of the Deputy Commissioner181. Limitation of time for application for execution - [No application for the execution of a decree or order passed by the Deputy Commissioner under this Act shall be entertained unless such application be made] within three years from-
182. Decrees and orders by what Court to be executed - A decree or order passed by a Deputy Commissioner under this Act may be executed either by his own Court or by any other prescribed Court.
183. Form of application for execution - Every application for the execution of a decree or order passed by a Deputy Commissioner under this Act shall be in writing, shall be made in the prescribed form, and shall be verified by the applicant or his agent in the form provided in Section 147.
184. Issue of process of execution - Process of execution may be issued against either the person or the property of a judgement-debtor, but shall not be issued simultaneously against both person and property;
[Provided that,-185. Form of warrant of execution against person or movable property - Every warrant of execution against the person or movable property of a judgement-debtor shall be in the prescribed form.
186. Exemption from attachment and sale - The following particulars shall be exempted from attachment and sale in execution of any decree or order passed by a Deputy Commissioner under this Act, namely,-
187. Indication of movable property to be seized - (1) Any movable property required to be seized under warrant of execution shall, if practicable be described in a list to be furnished by the judgement-debtor; but, if the creditor is unable to furnish such list, he may apply for a general seizure of the debtor's effects to the amount of the judgement and costs.
188. Duration of warrant of execution - Every warrant of execution shall bear the date of the day on which it is signed by the Deputy Commissioner and shall continue in force for such period as the Deputy Commissioner may direct, not being more than sixty days from such date.
189. Second and successive warrants of execution - Second and successive warrants of execution may be issued by order of the Deputy Commissioner, on the application of the judgement-debtor, after expiration of the period fixed for the continuance in force of a previous warrant.
190. Notice when to be given before issue of warrant of execution - (1) A warrant of execution shall not be issued upon any decree or order without previous notice to the party against whom execution is applied for if when application for the issue of the warrant is made a period of more than one year has elapsed from date of the decree or order, or from the date of the last previous application from execution.
191. Procedure when judgement-debtor is arrested - (1) If a warrant is issued against the person of a judgement-debtor, the officer charged with the execution of the warrant shall bring him with all convenient speed before the Deputy Commissioner.
192. Further proceedings after discharge from jail - (1) When any judgement-debtor has been discharged from the civil jail, he shall not be imprisoned a second time under the same decree or order.
193. Diet-money for subsistence of prisoners - Any person who applied for a warrant of execution against the person of a judgement-debtor shall deposit in Court, at the time of the issue of the warrant diet-money for thirty days, at such rate as the Deputy Commissioner may direct, for the subsistence of the prisoner.
194. Execution of decree or order for ejectment or re-instatement of cultivator - (1) If the decree or order is for the ejectment of any cultivator from land occupied by him or for the reinstatement of any cultivator in the occupancy of the land from which he has been ejected the decree or order shall be executed by giving the possession or occupancy of the land to the person entitled by the decree or the order to such possession or occupancy.
195. Execution of decree or order for cancelment of lease, for ejectment or re-instatement of tenant not being an actual cultivator - If the decree or order is for the cancelment of any lease or the ejectment of any tenant (not being an actual cultivator) or for the reinstatement of any tenant (not being an actual cultivator), in the possession of tenancy from which he has been ejected the decree or order shall be executed,-
196. Execution of decree or rent given in favour of the sharer in undivided estate or tenure - If a decree is given by the Deputy Commissioner under this Act in favour of a sharer in a joint undivided estate or tenure, for money due to him on account of his share of the rent of any tenure comprised in such undivided estate or tenure, application for sale of such tenure shall not be received unless execution has first been taken out against any movable property which the judgement-debtor may possess within the district in which the suit was instituted and unless the sale of such property, if any, has proved insufficient to satisfy the decree;
and such tenure may then, with the previous sanction of [Deputy Commissioner] but not otherwise, be sold, in execution of the decree, in the manner in which any other immovable property may be sold in execution of a decree for money under the provisions of clause (b) of Section 210.197. Execution of rent decree obtained by a co-sharer landlord - When one or more co-sharer landlords applies or apply for the execution of a decree obtained in a suit instituted under clause (b) of Section 142, by the sale of a tenure or holding, the Court executing such decree shall, before proceeding to sell the tenure or holding, give notice of the application for execution to the other co-sharers.
198. Execution against immovable property in certain cases, if judgement not satisfied - In the execution of any decree or order by the Deputy Commissioner under this Act for the payment of money, not being money due or recoverable as an arrear or rent;
if satisfaction of the decree or order, cannot be obtained by execution against the person or movable property of the debtor within the district in which the suit was instituted,the judgement-creditor may apply for execution against any immovable property belonging to such debtor,and such immovable property may, with the sanction of the Commissioner, but not otherwise, be brought to sale in the manner provided in clause (b) of Section 210.Sales in Execution of Decree of the Deputy Commissioner199. Notification of intended sale of movable property, and custody of property - (1) For the purpose of executing a warrant of execution issued by the Deputy Commissioner under this Chapter against the movable property of a judgement-debtor, the officer charged with the execution of the warrant shall prepare a list of the property pointed out by the judgement-creditor; and shall publish a proclamation specifying the day upon which the sale is intended to be held, and a copy of the said list, at the intended place of sale and at the residence of the debtor.
200. Interval between seizure and sale - No sale of any movable property (other than perishable property) seized in execution under this Chapter shall be made until the expiration of a period of ten days after the day on which the property was so seized.
201. Place and manner of sale - (1) Such sale shall be held at the place where the property is deposited or at the nearest market or other place of public resort if the officer executing the warrant thinks it is likely to sell there to better advantage.
202. Prohibition of purchase by officers - Officers executing warrants for the sale of property under this Chapter and all persons employed by, or subordinate to such officers, are prohibited from purchasing, either directly or indirectly any property sold by such officers.
203. Postponement of sale if fair price be not offered - If on the property being put up for sale, no price which the officer executing the warrant considers fair is offered for it, and the owner of the property, or some person authorised to take action on his behalf, applies to have the sale postponed until the next day, or the next market day if a market be held at the place of sale or in the vicinity; the sale shall be postponed until such day, and shall then be completed at whatever price may be offered for the property.
204. Payment of purchase money and delivery of property to purchaser - (1) The price of every lot shall be paid at the time of sale or as soon as thereafter, as the officer executing the warrant may direct; and in default of such payment, the property shall again be put up and sold.
205. Application of proceeds of sales - (1) From the proceeds of the sale the officer executing the warrant shall make a deduction at the rate of one anna in the rupee, on account of the cost of sale and shall transmit the amount so deducted to the Deputy Commissioner, in order that it may be credited to the [State] Government.
206. Procedure where third party claims interest in property seized - (1) If before the day fixed for the sale, a third party appears before the Deputy Commissioner and claims a right or interest in any of the movable property seized in execution, the Deputy Commissioner shall examine such party or his agent according to the law for the time being in force relating to the examination of witness, and, if he sees sufficient reason for so doing may stay the sale of such property.
207. Irregularities not to vitiate sale - No irregularity in publishing or conducting a sale of movable property under a warrant of execution issued under this Chapter shall vitiate such sale but nothing contained in this Section shall bar any person who sustains damage by reason of any such irregularity from recovering damages by suit in the Civil Court if instituted within one year from the date of the sale.
208. Sale of tenure or holding in execution of decree for arrears of rent - (1) When a decree passed by the Deputy Commissioner under this Act is for an arrear of rent due in respect of a tenure or holding, the decree-holder may apply for the sale of such tenure or holding, and the tenure or holding may thereupon be brought to sale in execution of the decree, [according to the procedure laid down in Sections 208-B to 208-D]:
Provided [firstly] that the purchaser of a tenure at any such sale shall not be entitled to annual any lease, right or tenancy referred to in clauses (a) to [(f)] of Section 14 of this Act:[Provided secondly] also that, [Deputy Commissioner] may, by order in any case in which he may consider it desirable so to do,-(a)prohibit the sale of any tenure or portion thereof, or(b)stay any such sale for any period specified in the order.[Provided thirdly] that any sale of a resumable tenure under this Section shall not affect the right of the grantor or his successor in title to resume such tenure but shall be made subject to such right:[[Provided fourthly] that, when the holding of an aboriginal 'Raiyat or of a 'Raiyat, who is a member of a scheduled caste is sold, such land shall be sold to the highest bidder, who is an aboriginal or a member of a scheduled caste, as the case may be and shall not be sold to any person other than an aboriginal or a member of a scheduled caste unless no aboriginal or member of a scheduled caste bids for such land an amount which is not less than the amount specified in the proclamation of sale.][(1-A) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in sub-section (1) or in any other provision of this Act, or in any other law, where a decree-holder applies for the sale of an occupancy holding, only that portion of such holding shall be sold, the proceeds of the sale of which will be sufficient to satisfy the sale or satisfy the amount due under the decree, and such portion shall not be sold at a price lower than the price specified in the proclamation of sale; and the Deputy Commissioner shall, before putting up any such portion of a holding for sale estimate the value of the whole holding and that portion of the holding the proceeds of the sale or which he considers will be sufficient to satisfy the decree and shall specify the price of such portion in the sale proclamation :][Provided firstly] that if the decree-holder specifies which portion of the holding should be sold, the Deputy Commissioner shall order that such portion or so much of such portion as may be seem to him necessary to satisfy the decree shall be sold and proceeds paid as provided in this Section.[Provided secondly] that if there is any encumbrance on any portion of such holding the Deputy Commissioner shall not order such portion to be sold unless in his opinion the decree cannot be satisfied without the sale of such portion:[Provided thirdly] that if the highest amount bid for the property included in the sale proclamation is less than the price specified for such property in the proclamation, the Deputy Commissioner may sell the property for such highest amount, if the decree-holder consents in writing to forego so much of the amount decreed as is equal to the difference between the highest amount bid and the price specified for such property in the sale proclamation :[Provided fourthly] that if the highest bid for such land is less than the amount specified in the proclamation of sale, the decree-holder shall be bound to bid up to that amount and purchase the portion of the holding included in the sale proclamation.208B. Procedure to be followed in bringing to sale tenure or holding or portion thereof in execution of rent decree. - Where a tenure or holding or a portion thereof is sold in execution of a decree for an arrear of rent, the following procedure shall be observed, namely:-
208C. Certificate and possession to be given to purchaser on payment in full. - When the purchase money shall have been paid in full the officer holding the sale shall give the purchaser a certificate in the prescribed form containing the necessary particulars of the property sold; and shall further, on the purchaser making application and depositing the requisite costs to be determined by him, depute an officer or Amin to put him in possession of the property in customary manner.
208D. Purchaser to acquire the tenure or holding with certain exceptions free of encumbrances. - Subject to the first Proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 208, the purchaser of a tenure or holding or portion thereof, as the case may be, shall acquire it free of all encumbrances which may have accrued thereon by any act of the holder or his representative-in-interest, unless the right of making such encumbrances shall have been expressly vested in the holder by the written engagement, if any, under which the tenure or holding was created or by the subsequent written authority of the person, who created it or his representatives-in-interest:
Provided that nothing herein contained shall be held to entitle the purchaser to eject 'khudkaph Raiyats or resident and hereditary cultivators, nor to cancel bona fide engagements made with such class of Raiyats or cultivators aforesaid by the late incumbent of the under-tenure or his representatives-in-charge, except it be proved, in a regular suit to be brought by such purchaser for the adjustment of his. rent, that a higher rent would have been demandable at the time such engagements were contracted by his predecessor.Nothing in this Section shall be held to apply to the purchase of a tenure by the previous holder thereof, through whose default the tenure was brought to sale.]209. Disposal of proceeds of sale under Section 208 - (1) In disposing of the proceeds of the sale of a tenure or holding under Section 208, the following procedure shall be observed, that is to say,-
(a)there shall be paid to the decree-holder the costs incurred by him in bringing the tenure or holding to sale;(b)there shall, in the next place, be paid to the decree-holder the amount due to him under the decree in execution of which the sale was made;(c)if there remains a balance after those sums have been paid, there shall be paid to the decree-holder therefrom any rent which may have accrued due to him in respect of the tenure or holding between the institution of the suit and the date of the sale; and(d)The balance (if any) remaining after the payment of rent referred to in clause (c) shall, upon the expiration of two months from the [date] of the sale, be paid to the judgement-debtor upon his application;Provided that where a tenure or holding has been sold in execution of a decree obtained by one or more co-sharer landlords in a suit instituted under clause (b) of Section 142,-(i)payment of the amount due under such decree shall, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b) of this Section be made to the decree-holder and to other co-sharer landlords in proportion to the amount found to be due to each, and(ii)if there remains balance, payment of any rent which may have accrued due in respect of the tenure or holding between the institution of the suit and the date of the sale shall, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (c) but subject to the determination in the manner and with effect mentioned in sub-section (2) of any dispute as to their respective rights to receive such rent, be made to the said decree-holder and other co-sharer landlords in proportion to their respective shares in the tenure or holding.210. Sale of other property in execution of decree for arrears of rent of tenure or holding - (1) If, after the sale of a tenure or holding in pursuance of Section 208, any portion of the decree amount remains due [or if the tenure or holding or portion thereof cannot be sold under that Section by reason of the decree not being a decree for an arrear of rent] process may be applied for against any other property, movable or immovable, belonging to the judgement-debtor.
[Provided that nothing in this Section shall be deemed to authorise the arrest of detention in the civil prison of the judgement-debtor.]211. Procedure when third party claims to be in lawful possession of tenure or holding - (1) If before the day fixed for the sale of any tenure or holding in pursuance of Section 208 a third party appears before the Deputy Commissioner and alleges that he and not the person against whom the decree has been obtained, was in lawful possession of, or had some interest in the tenure or holding when the decree was obtained.
The Deputy Commissioner shall examine such party according to the law for the time being in force relating to the examination of witnesses, and if he sees sufficient reason for so doing and if such party deposits in Court or gives security for the amount of the decree the Deputy Commissioner shall stay the sale, and, shall after taking evidence adjudicate upon the claim :Provided that no such adjudication shall be made if the Deputy Commissioner considers that the claim was designedly or unnecessarily delayed :Provided also that no transfer of a tenure shall be recognised unless it has been registered in the office of the landlord or sufficient cause for non-registration is shown to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner,-[(1-A) (a) If the Deputy Commissioner gives judgement in favour of such third party, the amount of the decree shall be satisfied from the deposit or security aforesaid, and the Deputy Commissioner shall in his judgement set out the portion if any, of the said amount and of his costs in the proceedings which such third party is entitled to recover from each of the other persons having an interest in the tenure or holding, and such sum shall be deemed to be money (not being due or recoverable as an arrear of rent) payable under order of the Deputy Commissioner under this Act;(b)If the Deputy Commissioner gives judgement against such third party, the sale shall proceed, and such third party shall upon payment of the costs, if any, allowed against him, be entitled to the return of the deposit or cancellation of the security, as the case may be.]212. Application to set aside sale of immovable property on deposit of debt and compensation to purchaser - (1) When any immovable property has been sold under this Chapter in execution of decree, any person, who owned such property immediately before the sale, or who claims, an interest therein under a title lawfully acquired before the sale may, at any time within a period of [ninety] days from the date of the sale, apply to have the sale set aside on his depositing in the Court of the Deputy Commissioner,-
(a)for payment to the purchaser-a sum equal to five per centum of the purchase-money, and(b)for payment to the decree-holder-the amount specified in the proclamation of sale as that for the recovery of which the sale was ordered, less any amount which may, since the date of such proclamation [or] sale have been received by the decree-holder;Provided that if a person applies under Section 213 to set aside the sale of his immovable property, he shall not be entitled to make an application under this Section.213. Application to set aside sale of immovable property on ground of irregularity or fraud - When any immovable property has been sold under this Chapter in execution of a decree, the decree-holder or the person, who owned such property immediately before the sale may, [at any time within a period of thirty days from the date of sale], apply to the Deputy Commissioner to set aside the sale on the ground of a material irregularity [or fraud] in publishing or conducting it; but no sale shall be set aside on the ground of a irregularity unless the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner that he has sustained substantial injury by reason of such irregularity:
Provided that, if a person applies under Section 212 to set aside the sale of his immovable property, he shall not be entitled to make an application under this Section.215A. [* * *]
[216. Limitation of appeals under Section 215. - (1) Every appeal under Section 215 shall be presented to the Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioner or any officer specially empowered by the [State] Government under sub-section (5) of Section 215 as the case may be, within [ninety days] from the date of the order or the decree appealed against.217. Bar to further appeals, with Proviso for revision by Board or Commissioner - Order passed by the Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner in appeals referred under Section 215 shall not be open to any further appeal; but the Board or (in the case of appeals decided by the Deputy Commissioner) the Commissioner may call for the case and pass such orders thereon as it or he may think proper.
218. Appeal in certain suits - [Repealed by the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 25 of 1947), Section 34.]
219. Appeal to Deputy Commissioner when to be presented - [Repealed by the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 25 of 1947), Section 34.]
220. Appeal when to be heard - (1) The Deputy Commissioner or the Commissioner, as the case may be, shall fix a day for hearing the appeal, and shall cause notice of the same to be served on the respondent.
221. Re-admission of appeal - If an appeal is dismissed for default of prosecution, appellant may, within thirty days from the date of the dismissal, apply to the Deputy Commissioner, or the Commissioner as the case may be, for the readmission of the appeal; and, if it is proved to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner or the Commissioner, as the case may be, that the appellant was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was called on for hearing, the Deputy Commissioner or the Commissioner, as the case may be, readmit the appeal.
222. Re-hearing of appeal on application of respondent against whom "ex-parte" decree passed - When an appeal is heard ex-parte in the absence of the respondent and judgement is given against him, he may apply to the Appellate Court to re-hear the appeal; and if he satisfies the Court that notice was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from attending when the appeal was called on for hearing, the Court may re-hear the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as the court thinks fit to impose upon him.
223. Judgement in appeal - After hearing the appeal, the Deputy Commissioner or the Commissioner, as the case may be, shall give judgement in the manner provided in Section 170 for giving judgement in original suits.
224. Appeal to Judicial Commissioner or High Court - (1) [* * *]
[(2) Save where otherwise expressly provided in this Act or by any other law for the time being in force, a second appeal shall lie to the High Court from any appellate decree passed by the Judicial Commissioner under this Chapter or from any order passed by him on appeal under Section 215, [* * *] on any of the following grounds, namely,-225. Hearing of appeals by Judicial Commissioner instead of by Deputy Commissioner - (1) Where, in analogous suits, some appeals have been presented to the Deputy Commissioner and others to the Judicial Commissioner, the Judicial Commissioner may, on the application of any of the parties, transfer to his own Court the appeals pending in the Court of the Deputy Commissioner.
226. Limitation of appeal to Judicial Commissioner or High Court - [Repealed by Section 36 of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 25 of 1947).]
227. Power to set aside judgement or order passed "ex-parte" by default - (1) No appeal by plaintiff or defendant shall lie from a judgement or order passed against him by default for non-appearance, whether such judgement or order were given under Section 155, Section 156, Section 157 or Section 169.
228. Order to set aside judgement final, but rejection of application to set aside appealable - In all cases in which the Deputy Commissioner, under Section 227, passes an order setting aside a judgement or order, the order shall be final but in all appealable cases in which the Deputy Commissioner, under that Section, rejects an application for setting aside a judgement or order, an appeal shall lie from the order of rejection to the tribunal to which the final decision in the suit would be appealable, provided that the appeal be preferred within the time allowed for an appeal from such final decision.
229. Application of Rule 22 of Order XLI of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure - The provisions of [Rule 22 of Order XLI of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908] [(5 of 1908)] shall so far as applicable, apply to all appeals under this Act from decisions of the Deputy Commissioner [or of a Revenue Officer],
[Chapter XVI-A]Summary Procedure for the recovery of rents under the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914229A. Recovery of arrears of rent under the certificate procedure in certain cases. - (1) Any landlord (other than the Government) whose land is situate in an area for which a record-of-right has been prepared and finally published and in which such record is maintained, may apply to the [State] Government, through the Deputy Commissioner of the district in which his land is situate, for the application of the procedure prescribed by the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914 (B & O Act 4 of 1914) to the recovery of arrears of rent which he alleges are or, may become, due to him for lands in such area.
Chapter XVII
Limitation230. Application of the [Indian] Limitation Act, [1908] - The provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 19082 (9 of 1908) shall, so far as they are not inconsistent with this Act, apply to all suits, appeals and applications under this Act.
[230A. Special rule of limitation in certain applications and suits before a Revenue-Officer. - Notwithstanding any of the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908 (9 of 1908) where an application under sub-section (3) of Section 85 has been made or a suit under Section 87, Section 111 (8), Section 130 or Section 252 has been instituted within three months from the date of final publication of the record-of-rights, and any person is thereafter, added or substituted as a party to such application or suit, the application or the suit shall, as regards such person, be deemed for the purpose of limitation to have been made or instituted on the date upon which it was made or instituted by the original applicant or plaintiff against the original defendant.]231. General rule of limitation - All suits and applications instituted or made under this Act, for which no period of limitation is provided elsewhere in this Act, shall be commenced and made respectively within one year from the date of the accruing of the cause of action:
Provided that there shall be no period of limitation for applications under Sections 28, 31 [clauses (c) to (f) of Section 33-A] 34, 50, 61, 75, 105 or 121.232. Limitation of suits and applications for grant of leases, etc - Suits and applications for the delivery of leases or counterpart engagements, or for the determination of the rates or rent payable for lands held by a tenant, may be instituted and made, respectively, at any time during the tenancy.
233. Limitation of certain suits for ejectment - Suits for the ejectment of an occupancy 'Raiyat' or a non-occupancy 'Raiyat on any of the grounds mentioned in Section 22 or in clauses (b) and (c) of Section 41 shall be instituted within two years from the date of the misuse or breach complained of.
234. Limitation of suits and applications for arrears of rent - Suits and applications under Section 244, for the recovery of arrears of rent, shall be instituted within three years [or where the State Government is the landlord, within ten years] from the end of the agricultural year in which the arrear became due.
235. Successive suits or applications for recovery of rent - (1) Where a landlord has instituted a suit against a tenant or applied for a certificate under Section 240 against a 'Mundari khunt-kattidari' for the recovery of any rent of his tenancy, the landlord shall not institute another suit or apply for another such certificate against him for the recovery of any rent of that tenancy until after six months from the date of the institution or making of the previous suit or application.
236. Limitation of suits against agents for money, accounts or papers - Suits for the recovery of money in the hands of an agent or for the delivery of accounts or papers by an agent, may be brought at any time during the agency, or within one year after the determination of the agency, of such agent;
Provided that if the person having the right to sue has by fraud, been kept from knowledge of the receipt of any such money by the agent, or if any fraudulent account has been rendered by the agent the suit may be brought within one year from the time when the fraud first became known to such person; but no such suit shall in any case be brought at any time exceeding three years from the termination of the agency.237. Limitation of applications for recovery of possession of holding - Applications for the recovery of possession of a holding, or any portion thereof from which an occupancy Raiyat has been unlawfully ejected must be instituted within three years from the date of such ejectment.
238. Limitation of suits or applications by village headmen for recovery of possession - Suits or applications for recovery of possession of his office or agricultural land by a [village headman] against a landlord or any person holding by virtue of any assignment from a landlord, must be instituted or made within three years from the date of dispossession.
Chapter XVIII
Special Provisions with respect to Mundari Khunt-Kattidars239. Application of preceding Sections to Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancies - Such of preceding Sections as are applicable to Mundari khunt-kattidars shall, in their application to such persons and their tenancies, be read subject to the provisions of the following Sections in this Chapter.
240. Restrictions on transfer of Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancies - (1) No Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy or portion thereof shall be transferable by sale, whether in execution decree or order of a Court or otherwise :
Provided that, when a decree or order has been made by any Court for the sale of any such tenancy or portion thereof, in satisfaction of a debt due under a mortgage (other than a usufructuary mortgage) which was registered before the commencement of the Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1903 [(Ben. Act 5 of 1903)], the sale may be made with the previous sanction of the Deputy Commissioner.241. Transfer for certain purposes. - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 240, a 'Mundari khunt-kattida' may without the consent of his landlord, transfer the land comprised in his tenancy, or any part thereof, for any reasonable and sufficient purpose having relation to the good of the tenancy or of the tenure or estate in which it is comprised, such as the use of the land for any charitable, religious or educational purpose or for the purposes of manufacture or irrigation, or as building ground for any such purpose, or for access to land used or required for any such purpose:
Provided that the transfer shall be made by registered deed and that before the deed is registered and land transferred, the written consent of the Deputy Commissioner shall be obtained to the terms of the deed, and to the transfer.242. Ejectment of persons unlawfully obtaining possession of such tenancies - If any person obtains possession of a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy or any portion thereof in contravention of the provision of Section 240, the Deputy Commissioner may eject him therefrom.
and if the tenancy was, before such possession was obtained entered as a 'Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancy in a record-of-rights finally published under the Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, no suit shall be maintainable in any Court in respect of such ejectment; but an appeal shall lie as provided in Chapter XVI.243. Enhancement of rent - The rent of a 'Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancy may be enhanced only,-
(a)by an order of the Deputy Commissioner, and(b)if it be shown before the Deputy Commissioner that the tenancy was created within a period of twenty years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition for enhancement.245. Reference of question of title to Civil Court - If, in the course of any proceedings under Section 244, any question of title is raised which could in the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner more properly be determined by a Civil Court, the Deputy Commissioner shall refer such question to the principal Civil Court in the district for determination.
246. Recovery of arrear of rent by suit where there is no record-of-rights - (1) When an arrear of rent accrues in respect of a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari' tenancy for which no record-of-rights has been prepared the landlord may institute a suit for the recovery of the arrear.
247. Joinder of parties in proceedings under Section 244 or 246 - Where a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari' tenancy is held jointly by a group of Khunt-kattidar's, and an objection to the making of a certificate under Section 244, or to the execution thereof, or to the maintenance of a suit under Section 246, is made on the ground that all the Khunt-kattidars have not been made parties to the proceedings, the objection shall not be entertained if it be shown that other Khunt-kattidars could not be made parties without undue delay or expense.
248. Recovery of money due to the Government or rent due to a landlord - Where a decree or a certificate under [the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914 (B & O Act 4 of 1914)] has been made against a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidar' for any money due to the [Government] or for rent to a landlord, the Deputy Commissioner may attach the land occupied by him [whether it be in his immediate occupation or in possession of a mortgagee or of any other person except a Raiyat or a lessee holding under a Mukarrari lease as described in Section 240 [clause (4)(a)], and make such arrangements as the Deputy Commissioner may consider suitable for liquidating the debt [and in particular he may realise and devote to such liquidation all rents due to such mortgage or other person shall not recover from a person rents so realised.]
249. Recovery of contributions from co-sharer tenants - When a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari has paid the rent of his tenancy, including portions thereof due from his co-sharers or any of them the said portions may, if the proportions due by such co-sharers are definitely stated in a record-of-rights prepared under this Act or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, be recovered by him, with interest, under procedure provided by Section 244, as if they were an arrear of rent due to a landlord.
250. Entry of Mundari khunt kattidari tenancies in record-of-rights. - All 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari' tenancies shall be so described in any record-of-rights prepared under Chapter XII.
251. Bar to suits under Section 87 - No suit shall be entertained under Section 87 for the decision of any dispute regarding any entry relating to a 'Mundari khunt-kattidari tenancy in a record-of-rights.
252. Decisions of disputes regarding entries or omissions in record-of-rights - (1) At any time within three months from the date of the certificate of the final publication of the record-of-rights under this Act, or under any law in force before the commencement of this Act, a suit may be instituted before a Revenue Officer, for the decision of any dispute regarding any entry of a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy or the incidents thereof in the record, or regarding any omission to enter such a tenancy or any incident thereof in the record, and the Revenue Officer shall hear and decide the dispute.
253. Appeal against such decisions - An appeal shall lie, in the prescribed manner and to the prescribed Officer, from any decision of a Revenue Officer under Section 252.
254. Entry of decision in record-of-rights - Whenever a suit instituted under Section 252 has been finally decided, a note of the decision shall be made in the record-of-rights, as finally published, by the Revenue Officer referred to in that Section; and such note shall be considered as part of the record.
255. In preparing record-of-rights, judgements, etc., in suits not to be taken as evidence that tenancies are or are not Mundari Khunt-kattidari tenancies - When an order has been issued under Section 80 of this Act, or under Section 101 of the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 (8 of 1885)1 in respect of any local area, estate, tenure or part thereof, no judgement, decree or order in any suit instituted thereafter shall be taken as evidence, in any inquiry made by a Revenue Officer engaged in the preparation of a record-of-rights for such area, estate, tenure or part, under Chapter XII of this Act or under Chapter X of the said Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 (8 of 1885)1, respecting any claim that any tenancy within that area, estate, tenure or part is not a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy.
256. Record-of-rights to be conclusive evidence on the question whether a tenancy is a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidar' tenancy - [(1) Where a record-of-rights has been finally published under Section 83 of this Act or under sub-section (2) of Section 103-A of the [Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 (8 of 1885)] or amended under Section 254 of this Act, the entries therein relating to 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancies shall be conclusive evidence of the nature and incidents of such tenancies and of all particulars recorded in such entries, and, if any tenancy in the area, estate or tenure for which the record-of-rights was prepared has not been recorded therein as a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy, no evidence shall be received in any Court to show that such tenancy is a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari tenancy.]
[(2) Where in the record-of-rights finally published under sub-section (2) of Section 103-A of the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 [(8 of 1885)] for a village in the Estate of Porahat in the district of Singhbhum a tenant of the village has been recorded as a 'Mundari-khunt-kattidari, all land which he held at the date of final publication, shall be deemed to have been recorded in the record-of-rights as his 'Mundari khunt-kattidari, tenancy.]Chapter XIX
Supplemental ProvisionsJoint Landlords257. Joint Landlords - When two or more persons are joint landlords anything which a landlord is under this Act, required or authorised to do must be done by both or all those persons acting together, or by an agent authorised to act on behalf of both or all of them.
Bar to suits [and finality of decisions in certain cases]258. Bar to suits in certain cases - Save as expressly provided in this Act, no suit shall be entertained in any Court to vary, modify or set aside, either directly or indirectly, any [decision], order or decree of any Deputy Commissioner or Revenue Officer in any suit, [application] or proceeding under Section 20, Section 32, Section 35, Section 42, Section 46, sub-section (4), Section 49, Section 50, Section 54, Section 61, Section 63, Section 65, Section 73 [Section 74-A)], Section 75, Section 85, Section 86, Section 87, Section 89, [* * *] or Section 91 (Proviso), or under Chapter XII, XIV, XV, XVI, or XVIII, except on the ground of fraud or want of jurisdiction [and every such decision, order or decree shall have the force and effect of a decree of a Civil Court in a suit between the parties and, subject to the provisions of this Act relating to appeal, shall be final].
Process259. Mode of Service - Every notice, summons or other process under this Act required to be served on any person shall be served in the prescribed manner.
260. Authentication and payment of costs - Every process issued by a Deputy Commissioner or Revenue Officer under this Act shall bear his seal and signature, and the cost of serving the same shall be paid by such person and in such manner as may be prescribed.
Costs[261. Costs in suits and applications. - The provisions of Section 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) and of sub-rules (2) and (3) of Rule 6 of Order XX of the First Schedule to the said Code shall apply to all suits, applications and proceedings under this Act.]262. Deposit of cost of proceedings to be incurred by the Government - (1) A Revenue Officer or Deputy Commissioner may, subject to any directions given by the [State] Government, require any plaintiff or applicant to deposit in advance the whole or any part of the estimated amount of the expenses to be incurred by the Government in any proceeding under this Act.
263. Production of witnesses and documents - For the purposes of any inquiry under this Act, any Deputy Commissioner or Revenue Officer shall have power to summon and enforce the attendance of witnesses and compel the production of documents in the same manner as is provided in the case of a Court by the Code of Civil Procedure, [1908 (5 of 1908).]
Rules and notifications264. Power to make rules to carry out objects of Act - (1) The [State] Government may make [Rules], to carry out the object of this Act.
265. Power to make Rules to procedure, on application of the Code of Civil Procedure - (1) The [State] Government may [* * *] make [rule] for regulating the procedure of the Deputy Commissioner in matters under this Act for which a procedure is not provided hereby; and may, by any such rule, direct that any provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) shall apply, with or without modification, to all or any classes of cases before the Deputy Commissioner.
266. Publication of Rules in draft - (1) All powers conferred by this Act for making rules are subject to the condition that the rules be made after previous publication.
267. Publication and effect of rules and notification - All rules made and notifications issued, under this Act shall be published in the [* * *] [Official Gazette], and on such publication shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.
Recovery of Dues268. Recovery of dues - (1) Costs and interest awarded under this Act in rent suits [* * * *] shall be recoverable as if they were arrears of rent.
269. Transfer of cases from one Revenue Officer to another. - A Revenue Officer may at any time transfer any pending suit, application or proceeding under this Act from the file of any Revenue Officer acting under this Act to the file of any other Revenue Officer so acting, who is fully authorised to entertain and decide such suit, application or proceeding.
270. Control over Deputy Commissioners and Deputy Collectors - In the performance of their duties and exercise of their powers under this Act, Deputy Commissioner shall be subject to the general direction and control of the Commissioner and the Board, and Deputy Collectors exercising functions of the Deputy Commissioner shall also be subject to the direction and control of the Deputy Commissioner.
Saving of Special Enactment271. Saving of special enactments. - Nothing in this Act shall affect,-
| Number and year | Short title | ||
| 1 | 2 | ||
| I of 1879 | The Chota Nagpur Landlord and Tenant Procedure Act, 1879. | ||
| IV of 1897 | The Chota Nagpur Commutation Act, 1897. | ||
| V of 1903 | The Chota Nagpur Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1903. | ||
| V of 1905 | The Chota Nagpur (Amendment) Act, 1905 | ||
| VIII of 1879 | The Bengal Rent Settlement Act, 1879. | ||